Species Identification Of Fungi Research Articles

Nematophagous fungi species from Erzurum and Erzincan provinces in Türkiye

In Erzurum and Erzincan provinces, some nematophagous fungi were determined on roots of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne) plants during 2009-2011, and identification of fungi species was performed by classical and/or molecular techniques. Purified 5 isolates were determined as Arthrobotrys cladodes Drechsler 1937 (1 isolate), Arthrobotrys conoides Drechsler 1937 (1 isolate) and Arthrobotrys superba Corda 1839 (3 isolates). Identification of Arthrobotrys isolates was also confirmed by ribosomal DNA (rDNA)-ITS (internal transcribed spacer) sequence analysis. Harposporium genus was also determined considering the morphological characteristic of fungal spores growing on nematodes found in two samples, but these fungi could not be purified. Harposporium species were identified as Harposporium anguillulae Lohde emend. Zopf 1888 and Harposporium crassum A.M. Sheph 1955 according to the morphological characteristic. According to our knowledge, all Arthrobotrys and Harposporium species identified in this study were reported for first time in Türkiye.

Identification of two new Alternaria isolates on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) plants in Lucknow, India

Two hitherto Alternaria species, viz., A. ashwinii and A. dilkushana causing leaf spot on the margins of flavescent and older leaves of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) are being reported for the first time from sub-tropical India. The new strain of fungi was isolated and morpho-taxonomic characters were studied in depth and compared to previous reported Alternaria strains on sugar beet crop in local cultivated field. The comparative analysis revealed variations within different fungal identification traits, viz., symptomatology, hyphae, conidiophore and conidial characteristics that differentiate from previous reported Alternaria strains on sugar beet crop in local area. The new taxon has been proposed as A. ashwinii Mall, Misra, Kumar and Pathak sp. nov. (MB 827099) and A. dilkushana Mall, Misra, Kumar and Pathak sp. nov. (MB 827096). This study will help in giving new direction to molecular diagnostics of these strains. The study also opens up path for future work on its ITS region (referred to as official DNA barcoding), in identifying the various protein coding genes used for boosting or replacing ITS region in species identification of fungi. Highlights Diseases are foremost restraint in attaining high sucrose content and yield in Sugar beet. Amongst the various diseases of Sugar beet, foliar diseases are the most common ones. Foliar diseases are often ignored though they cause substantial losses to yield and sucrose content. Identified two new fungal strains of Alternaria in sugar beet in sub-tropical India.

Mycological Assessment of <i>Suya</i> Sold in Some Parts of Minna, Niger State

Mycological assessments of Suya sold in some part of Minna were conducted. A total of 20 samples were collected from 10 randomly selected suya spots from ten (10) locations in Minna namely- Tunga, Ungwan Daji , Dutsen Kuran Hausa, Chanchaga, Bosso, Maikunkele, Maitumbi, Kwangila, Barikin Sale and Sayeko. The percentage moisture content of the suya, isolation and identification of fungi species were determined using standard procedures. Suya from Tunga, Maikunkele and Sayeko had the highest percentage moisture content (44%) each while suya from Dutsen Kuran Hausa had the least % moisture content (28%). There were significant difference (α=0.05) between % moisture content of suya from different locations A total of fifty seven (57) fungi isolates were obtained from suya in all sampled locations. Fungi species such as Candida tropicalis, Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus niger Mucor spp, Aspergillus flavus ,Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium digitatum, Fusarium solanii, Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus fumingatus were observed from the suya sample locations. Barikin Sale (BKS) suya sample had the highest occurrence of fungal isolates (7) while suya from Unguwan Daji (UDJ), Maikunkele (MKL) and Kwangila (KGL) had the least fungal isolates of 4. Aspergillus niger, Candida tropicalis and Mucor spp were the prominent isolates from all the sampled locations while Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium digitatum had the least number of occurrence from all locations. The presence of these fungi species in the suya samples collected from selected locations within Minna metropolis is a strong indication of poor hygiene by the vendors in preparation of the suya products. The awareness of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCPs) system in suya preparation by vendors could reduce or eliminate contaminations of the suya products when put into proper use. Keywords : Mycological assessment, fungal isolates, suya, moisture, fungi

Effects of Extraction Method on the Physicochemical and Mycological Qualities of <i>Canarium Schweinfurthii</i> Fruit Oil

The effects of improved method of extraction on the physicochemical, mycological and stability of crude Canarium Schweinfurthii fruit oil were studied. The extracted oils were then stored at 25±5oC for 24 months with samples analyzed at 6months interval for; pH, saponification value, acid value, peroxide value and iodine number. Similarly, enumeration and identification of fungi species was determined using standard mycological procedures. The results showed that crude Canarium Schweinfurthii fruit oil obtained by the improved method of extraction had better quality and stability parameters than the traditional method extracted oil. At 24months the oil quality values of; pH 5.20 – 6.61, Acid value 0.53 – 1.02 (mg of KOH/g), saponification value 151.30 – 179.52 (mg of OH/g), peroxide value 0.031 – 1.500 (meq 02/Kg) and iodine value 85.02 – 101.60 (gI2/100g). Comparatively, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed for pH and saponification values for the extracted oils, with values of 6.60, 178.60(mg of OH/g) and 6.62, 178.52(mg of OH/g) for traditional and improved extraction methods respectively. During storage the oils showed average fungal counts of 00.00 to 1.72 x105 and 00.00 to 8.00 x104 CFU/ml oil at 0 and 24 month for traditional and improved methods extracted oils respectively. Predominant fungal species; Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Sacccaromyces cerevisiae, Mucor spinosus, Penicillium patalun, Fusarium oxysprum and Candida scotti were found associated with the stored canarium oil. Generally, Mucor spinosus (80.00%), Aspergillus niger (80.00%) and Penicillium patalum (80.00%) had the highest occurrence in traditional extracted oil. This finding suggests the need for the local processors to reevaluate the full processing method in order to retain better fungal quality and oxidative stability for Canarium schweinfurthii fruit oil.Keywords: Canarium schweinfurthii, fruit oil, Extraction, Fungal Isolates, Oxidative stability

Identification of fungi species in the onychomycosis of institutionalized elderly

BACKGROUND Superficial fungal infections are caused by dermatophytes, yeasts or filamentous fungi. They are correlated to the etiologic agent, the level of integrity of the host immune response, the site of the lesion and also the injured tissue. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to isolate and to identify onychomycosis agents in institutionalized elderly (60 years old +). METHODS The identification of the fungi relied upon the combined results of mycological examination, culture isolation and micro cultures observation under light microscopy from nail and interdigital scales, which were collected from 35 elderly with a clinical suspicion of onychomycosis and a control group (9 elderly with healthy interdigital space and nails). Both groups were institutionalized in two nursing homes in Sao Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil. RESULTS The nail scrapings showed 51.40% positivity. Of these, dermatophytes were found in 44.40% isolates, 27.78% identified as Trichophyton rubrum and 5.56% each as Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum gypseum. The second more conspicuous group showed 38.89% yeasts: 16.67% Candida guilliermondii, 11.11% Candida parapsilosis, 5.56% Candida glabrata, and 5.56% Trichosporon asahii. A third group displayed 16.70% filamentous fungi, like Fusarium sp, Aspergillus sp and Neoscytalidium sp (5.56% each). The interdigital scrapings presented a positivity rate of 14.29%. The agents were coincident with the fungi that caused the onychomycosis. In the control group, Candida guilliermondii was found at interdigital space in one person. CONCLUSION Employing a combination of those identification methods, we found no difference between the etiology of the institutionalized elderly onychomycosis from that reported in the literature for the general population.

Stability Analysis on the Roof Trusses of the Broumov Group of Churches to Underline Statical Sense of Dientzenhofers

The Broumov group of churches represents an integral part of Bohemian baroque architecture. The famous Dientzenhofer family of architects, that helped define the Bohemian baroque style in the early 18th century, designed the Broumov group for the governing Benedictine abbey of St. Wenceslaw in Broumov. This report summarizes a structural investigation, using FIN10 finite element software, into the stability and efficiency of the roof trusses design. The structures age and current state were taken into account in calculating both the applied loads and structural capacity by increasing loads and reducing material strength. A damage analysis, including identification of fungi species, was performed, documented and implemented in a three-dimensional model for comparison with undamaged results. Magnitude and distribution of axial and bending forces were determined using both two dimensional and three-dimensional models for several load cases. Using the comparison of 1st order and 2nd order structural analysis results and Eurocode specified criteria, critical and unnecessary members of the roof system were identified and evaluated. Classical linear elastic 2nd order theory was used based of Eulerian principles, ignoring geometrical non-linearity and non-linear material effects. The main analysis was performed on the St. Ann church in Viznov and St. Barbora church in Otovice.