Identification Of Earthquakes Research Articles

Behind the Italian catalogues: overlooked but far from negligible earthquakes

The Italian parametric earthquake catalogue is the result of several decades of historical seismological research, based in its turn on a centuries-long tradition of descriptive earthquake compilations. Thanks to historical seismological research undertaken since the mid-1980s, knowledge of the major historical earthquakes in Italy has hugely improved. These studies, however, focused mainly on earthquakes already recorded in Mario Baratta’s extensive compilation I terremoti d’Italia (a summary of earlier descriptive earthquake studies, published in 1901), rather than on the identification of earthquakes still ‘unknown’ to the Italian seismological tradition. As the results of a systematic perusal of ‘serial’ historical sources show, it is still possible to discover locally significant earthquakes (i.e. important for improving seismic history and hazard assessment of given localities or areas) that no previous studies had ever considered. Initiating new research projects specifically aimed at the identification of earthquakes unknown to the seismological tradition is therefore essential to improve hazard assessments on a subregional and local level.

Identification of natural and technogenic seismic events by energy characteristics

One of the key problems of seismic monitoring is the identification of earthquakes and signals from technogenic sources detected by a network of seismic stations. In peacetime, technogenic events are mainly associated with industrial mining developments, however, with the beginning of russia's full-scale aggression against sovereign Ukraine, thousands of seismic signals from explosions as a result of missile, aircraft, artillery strikes were registered by the seismological network of the Main Center of Special Monitoring of the State Space Agency of Ukraine. This significantly complicates the process of assessing seismicity and makes the question of determining the nature of registered events extremely relevant. Based on the analysis of seismic signals, the relationships between energy classes (K), magnitudes (mb), maximum amplitudes of longitudinal volumetric phases , and yields (Y) of explosions in TNT equivalent in Kyiv, Zhytomyr, Vinnytsia, Khmelnytsky, Chernihiv regions. Energy characteristics can be used to identify the nature of seismic events, and the results of the analysis of the ratios , , make it possible to yield estimate of explosions in TNT equivalent and determine the probable types of ammunition based on the received data. The energy from the signal source in the case of an explosive event can be determined additionally by infrasound data, the presence of an acoustic wave serves as an additional criterion for identifying the event. At the same time, energy characteristics make it possible to identify natural sources, an example of which is the tectonic earthquake of May 26, 2023 in the Poltava region.One of the key problems of seismic monitoring is the identification of earthquakes and signals from technogenic sources detected by a network of seismic stations. In peacetime, technogenic events are mainly associated with industrial mining developments, however, with the beginning of russia's full-scale aggression against sovereign Ukraine, thousands of seismic signals from explosions as a result of missile, aircraft, artillery strikes were registered by the seismological network of the Main Center of Special Monitoring of the State Space Agency of Ukraine. This significantly complicates the process of assessing seismicity and makes the question of determining the nature of registered events extremely relevant. Based on the analysis of seismic signals, the relationships between energy classes (K), magnitudes (mb), maximum amplitudes of longitudinal volumetric phases , and yields (Y) of explosions in TNT equivalent in Kyiv, Zhytomyr, Vinnytsia, Khmelnytsky, Chernihiv regions. Energy characteristics can be used to identify the nature of seismic events, and the results of the analysis of the ratios , , make it possible to yield estimate of explosions in TNT equivalent and determine the probable types of ammunition based on the received data. The energy from the signal source in the case of an explosive event can be determined additionally by infrasound data, the presence of an acoustic wave serves as an additional criterion for identifying the event. At the same time, energy characteristics make it possible to identify natural sources, an example of which is the tectonic earthquake of May 26, 2023 in the Poltava region.

Distributed sensor for earthquake identification system to activate tsunami shelter finding system

Padang City as the capital of West Sumatera Province is at high risk of earthquakes and tsunamis due to its location between two continental plates and the Semangko Fault. Currently, there are several shelters in Padang that serve as evacuation sites as a rescue location when a tsunami hits. This paper presents an earthquake detection system that uses distributed sensors to activate the shelter search system. The proposed system will activate the shelter search system when the earthquake has medium or high magnitude intensity. The earthquake identification system is achieved by calculating the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) value from the p-wave and s-wave using piezoelectric and accelerometer sensors. The proposed system is a distributed node sensor placed in different shelters which communicate using MQTT protocol. To evaluate the system, system for earthquake detection using Raspberry Pi, piezoelectric sensor, accelerometer MPU-6050, and Xbee for data communication have been implemented. The result shows that the system can detect the magnitude and intensity of the earthquake.

Идентификация землетрясений по спутниковым измерениям возмущений ионосферной плазмы

Идентификация землетрясений по спутниковым измерениям возмущений ионосферной плазмы

Идентификация землетрясений по зондовым измерениям возмущений параметров ионосферной плазмы на КА «СИЧ-2»

Идентификация землетрясений по зондовым измерениям возмущений параметров ионосферной плазмы на КА «СИЧ-2»

<<Unknown>> earthquakes: a growing contribution to the Catalogue of Strong Italian Earthquakes

The particular structure of the research into historical seismology found in this catalogue has allowed a lot of information about unknown seismic events to be traced. This new contribution to seismologic knowledge mainly consists in: i) the retrieval and organisation within a coherent framework of documentary evidence of earthquakes that took place between the Middle Ages and the sixteenth century; ii) the improved knowledge of seismic events, even destructive events, which in the past had been "obscured" by large earthquakes; iii) the identification of earthquakes in "silent" seismic areas. The complex elements to be taken into account when dealing with unknown seismic events have been outlined; much "new" information often falls into one of the following categories: simple chronological errors relative to other well-known events; descriptions of other natural phenomena, though defined in texts as "earthquakes" (landslides, hurricanes, tornadoes, etc.); unknown tremors belonging to known seismic periods; tremors that may be connected with events which have been catalogued under incorrect dates and with very approximate estimates of location and intensity. This proves that this was not a real seismic "silence" but a research vacuum.

Identification of Earthquakes and Explosions Using Amplitude Ratios: The Vogtland Area Revisited

Identification of Earthquakes and Explosions Using Amplitude Ratios: The Vogtland Area Revisited

Seismic Event Identification of Earthquakes and Explosions in Germany Using Spectral Lg Ratios

Seismic Event Identification of Earthquakes and Explosions in Germany Using Spectral Lg Ratios

Methodology for Reliability-Based Design Earthquake Identification

This study presents a methodology to rank the possible earthquake events through the estimation of a reliability importance parameter, which is a function of each event's magnitude M and site-to-source distance R. This allows one to rank the importance of each design earthquake not in terms of the acceleration of a single-degree-of-freedom oscillator, but rather in terms of the displacement-based reliability of a multiple-degree-of-freedom representation of the structure. A simulation procedure is introduced that couples a technique similar to seismic hazard analysis with performance-based reliability estimates that consider interstory drift criteria. The simulation procedure allows for the inclusion of response spectra uncertainty and structural resistance uncertainties in the mass, stiffness, and damping at each story level. The reliability importance factor leads to the definition of a cumulative earthquake hazard function. This function may be used as a basis in selecting the number of design earthqua...

Identification of earthquakes and explosions by use of teleseismic data

Criteria for achieving an order of magnitude discrimination between underground explosions and shallow-focus continental earthquakes are presented. The basis of all these criteria is the gross difference between earthquakes and explosions as regards their relative generation of short- and long-period waves. It is also shown that depth of focus of small events can be accurately determined either by use of master-controlled travel-time corrections or by determination of time of origin (Pg, S-P, etc.). Therefore, the basic problem for differentiating earthquakes and underground explosions of magnitude 4¾ or greater by seismic criteria has been solved. The remaining problems are the detection of long-period waves at low signal-to-noise ratios and the evaluation of the applicability of long-period identification criteria for low-magnitude events.