Color Identification Research Articles

Study on color separation and identification technology for rare-earth permanent magnet waste

Study on color separation and identification technology for rare-earth permanent magnet waste

Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci and Trend of Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Urine Cultures

Background: Enterococci are emerging nosocomial pathogen showing resistance to broad spectrum antibiotics. As reported by the center for disease control and prevention, enterococci (13.9%) are the second leading cause of urinary tract infection, after Escherichia coli. After the first report of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in England (1988), India reported its first vancomycin resistant enterococci isolate from New Delhi (1999). The prevalence of vancomycin resistant enterococci ranges from 1-9%, in India. To evaluate the prevalence of vancomycin resistant enterococci among urinary isolates and to check their antimicrobial resistance pattern. Methods: A retrospective observational study conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Data were analysed from November, 2017 to October, 2018. A total of 12,129 urine samples were received and subjected to culture on HiCrome UTI agar (Hi-Media laboratories, Mumbai) and incubated at 37 °C for a period of 18-24 hours. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Identification was done on the basis of colony colour and species identification was done by using biochemical test as per standard laboratory protocol. In one case automated siemens microscan walkaway identification system was used for confirmation. Results: Enterococci were isolated in 4.06% from urine cultures out of which 7.52% were vancomycin resistant. Most of the vancomycin resistant enterococci isolate (86.49%) were multi drug resistant. Conclusion: In vancomycin resistant enterococci related urinary tract infection, nitrofurantoin can be used as an appropriate first choice in uncomplicated cases and linezolid should be reserved for serious and complicated urinary tract infections.

Inhibitory control and academic achievement – a study of the relationship between Stroop Effect and university students’ academic performance

While previous research has identified executive functions as predictors of academic performance in school children, similar studies conducted among adults show mixed results. One of the reasons given for executive functions having a limited effect on academic achievements in adulthood is that they are usually fully developed by that time. Since these executive functions are at their peak at that age, the individual differences in these as well as their influence on academic performance in adults are harder to trace. The paper describes a study conducted among 107 university students the goal of which was to find out whether there is any relationship between the adult students’ inhibitory control values measured with the Stroop Test and their academic achievements. Although the results indicate a weak correlation between the Stroop Effect and the students’ academic performance of low statistical significance, which seems to confirm the outcomes of the previous studies focusing on adults, the study reveals an unexpected statistically significant correlation between the students’ grade averages and the number of their incorrect color identifications. This phenomenon appears to be worth pursuing in future research since it suggests the existence of another, relatively quickly measurable, variable possibly reflecting other predictors of academic performance in adults such as a degree of their manifested conscientiousness, their ability to concentrate on an assigned, relatively short, one-off task and their attitude to fulfilling this task. The Stroop Test, despite not being originally designed for this purpose, might thus be used as a simple tool suitable for providing information about these variables via the subject’s number of color identification errors. Such information can subsequently inform the activities that educators may include in their curricula to foster conscientiousness and concentration in the students lacking these.

Beyond Artists' Colors: A Spectral Reference Database for the Identification of β-Naphthol and Triarylcarbonium Colorants by MeVSIMS.

β-Naphthol and triarylcarbonium colorants were often used by modern and contemporary artists in materials such as inks and paints. Their poor stability and ability to fade upon exposure to light make their identification in artworks crucial for planning exhibitions and preventive conservation. Secondary ion mass spectrometry with MeV primary ions (MeV SIMS) is necessary when analyzing synthetic organic colorants (SOCs) with similar molecular structures due to its advantages in high sensitivity and soft ionization, which causes a low fragmentation of organic molecules. In this work, we applied MeV SIMS with 5 MeV Si4+ to identify selected β-naphthol and triarylcarbonium colorants from the 19th/20th century Materials Collection kept at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. The collection contains SOCs from renowned companies, such as I.G. Farben and I.C.I., and serves as a unique source of reference materials in the analysis of artworks. Previous research on these colorants with X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), micro-Raman, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies failed in the case of colorant mixtures. Similar spectral features of the SOCs within one chemical class and their low concentrations in mixtures did not lead to their identification using these techniques. MeV SIMS detected molecular ions or protonated molecules in the positive-ion mode. In the negative-ion mode, the functional groups (NO2 - and SO3 -) of β-naphthol lakes/pigments and heteropolyacid species (WO3 - and MoO3 -) characteristic of triarylcarbonium toners were determined. The results demonstrate that MeV SIMS is highly effective for identifying β-naphthol and triarylcarbonium colorants in mixtures and distinguishing between pigments, toners, lakes, and dyes.

Calibrating Trust, Reliance and Dependence in Variable-Reliability Automation

Trust and system reliability can influence a user’s dependence on automated systems. This study aimed to investigate how increases and decreases in automation reliability affect users’ trust in these systems and how these changes in trust are associated with users’ dependence on the system. Participants completed a color identification task with the help of an automated aid, where the reliability of this aid either increased from 50% to 100% or decreased from 100% to 50% as the task progressed, depending on which group the participants were assigned to. Participants’ trust, self-confidence, and dependence on the system were measured throughout the experiment. There were no differences in trust between the two groups throughout the experiment; however, participants’ dependence behavior did follow system reliability. These findings highlight that trust is not always correlated with system reliability, and that although trust can often influence dependence, it does not always determine it.

Perancangan Sistem Automatic Storage and Retrieval System untuk Automasi Persediaan Sistem Pergudangan

Inventory is an important thing in a company. A good inventory system will of course support other aspects so that the company can operate smoothly. Errors that occur in the inventory system can certainly be detrimental to the company, both intentional and unintentional errors. Efforts to minimize these errors can be done by implementing automation, where automation can reduce errors that may be made by humans so that inventory data can be monitored more accurately, can reduce the need for labor, and can reduce costs in the long term. Work that is routine and repetitive is work that is suitable for automation. The application of automation in a warehousing system can be used to move goods from one place to another, and can also pick up or store goods automatically using computer control. Inventory that is integrated with computers can monitor the quantity of goods available at any one time accurately and quickly, which is important for a company. Automatic storage and retrieval system (AS/RS) is a system that can carry out material retrieval and storage of materials automatically using computer control. This research contains about creating an AS/RS system for inventory automation along with how to control the system. The AS/RS system in this research involves moving material with color identification.

Revealing ancient yellow colorants in painted artworks along the silk Road (6th-10th century AD)

A comprehensive analytical protocol was undertaken to elucidate the yellow colorants employed in wall paintings from the Kizil Grottoes, the Taojia Tomb, the Baiyangzhai Tomb, and polychrome figurines from the Astana Tombs, all positioned along the historical Silk Road and dating to the 6th-10th centuries AD. To unequivocally identify these colorants, multi-analytical techniques were deployed, encompassing digital microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), micro-Raman spectroscopy, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS). This comprehensive approach facilitated the unambiguous identification of both inorganic pigments, specifically vanadinite, and plant-derived colorants, including gamboge (Garcinia sp.) and Chinese cork tree (Phellodendron chinense), within these archaeological artifacts. These findings not only significantly enhance our scientific understanding of the materials and techniques utilized in the creation of these wall paintings and polychrome figurines, but also shed light on the vibrant exchange of materials and technological advancements that flourished along the ancient Silk Road.

Building an Educational Automated Mechatronics-Based Sorting System

This paper discusses the development of an automated sorting machine designed as a comprehensive mechatronics educational project. The project integrates mechanical and electrical design, incorporating a robot arm, a microcontroller, sensors, and actuators. The sorting machine uses color identification to sort wooden blocks of three different colors. The blocks are stacked and dropped onto a conveyor belt by a hopper system that employs a solenoid actuator and a servo to release one block at a time at specific intervals. As the belt runs continuously, each block passes under a color sensor, which monitors the color and signals one of three servo-powered mechanical arms to guide the block into the appropriate chute. Each chute is equipped with a capacitive proximity sensor that sends a voltage signal to the robot controller, queuing commands for the robot to pick up the blocks from the bottom of each chute and return them to the hopper to form a continuously running sorting system. This paper details the design and integration of the system’s various elements and the development of the control software. The designed system can drop blocks every 8.05 s, sort each block within 5 s of being sensed, and return them to the sorting system every 12 s. It has a color-sensing accuracy of 97%, with a failure rate of around 7%. The system achieved quick and reliable sorting using various low-cost, accessible, and open-source parts. The project exemplifies a cost-effective solution suitable for mechatronics education, demonstrating the numerous challenges involved in developing automated sorting systems.

Novel Iminocoumarin-substituted Tetraphenylethylene-based Near-infrared Fluorescent Probe for Ratiometric Detection of F- and H2S.

An iminocoumarin and tetraphenylethylene compound that exhibits aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and a significant Stokes shift (Δλ = 135nm) in THF was created via the Knoevenagel condensation method. TPICBT could also be used as a ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probe for the naked color identification of F- and H2S. It showed a large red shift (˃ 90nm), good selectivity, and anti-interference. Test strip detection and cell imaging had both been accomplished using the probe. In addition, the probe could conveniently detect H2S produced during food spoilage without laboratory instruments.

Depth‐resolved historical painting study with minimal microsampling, illustrated with a newly discovered Botticelli workshop painting

AbstractA painting from the Botticelli workshop has been studied after its recent discovery, with an innovative and noninvasive approach combining two‐ dimensional scanning macro‐x‐ray fluorescence imaging (MA‐XRF) and a laboratory‐based depth‐resolved site‐selective confocal micro‐x‐ray fluorescence (CXRF) device. These analyses were supported by measurements on cross‐sections taken from the artwork using scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy‐dispersive x‐ray system. The aims of this study are to confirm the painting's attribution and authentication, find characteristic markers and features, understand the artist's technique, materials used, and palette, and all of it while reducing sampling. The analyzing approach used combines imaging and site‐selective techniques while avoiding, reducing and replacing sampling without compromising the results. Chemical maps of the painting were obtained by MA‐XRF and enabled the identification of zones, colors, and chemical elements of interest alongside with a first assumption on the pigments used. Depth profiles were then performed in precise areas and colors using CXRF, allowing to evidence overlaying paint layers and obtain a more complete 3D vision of the painting. Contrasting the findings using this new methodology with the traditionally employed analysis process involving microsampling allowed us to determine the accuracy and veracity of our conclusions.

Developing a Colorimetrically Balanced, Measurement-Based Petal Colour System for Cultivated Rose (Rosa L. Cultivars) and the Resulting Colour Categories.

There is no practical and at the same time objective colour system available for describing cultivated roses (Rosa L. cultivars). For this reason, a new colour classification system was developed which is colorimetrically balanced and appropriate for algorithmic colour identification; however, it is also suitable for field-work. The system is based on the following colorimetric criteria: (A) Each colour category is characterised by a measured petal colour in the CIE L*a*b* standard as the centroid of the category. (B) The CIEDE2000 colour differences between the adjacent centroid colours are limited (5 < ΔE00 < 7). (C) The maximal colour difference between the measured colours in a category is also limited (to 12.12 ΔE00). (D) A measured petal colour can only be classified into an existing category if the colour difference from the centroid colour of the given category is less than 5.81 ΔE00, otherwise a new category is required. (E) A category is only considered non-redundant if it has at least one measured petal colour that cannot be classified elsewhere. (F) The classification of the petal colours is based on the least colour difference from the centroid colours. As a result, 133 colour categories were required for describing all the 8139 petal colours of the rose cultivars of the Budatétény Rose Garden (Hungary). Each colour category has the following parameters: standardised colour name, the colorimetric parameters of the centroid, grouping, RHS colour chart coding, and reference cultivars, which are described in the article.

Ekstrasi Fitur Dan Kontur Pada Kain Tenun Sabu Menggunakan Metode GLCM (Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix)

Sabu woven fabric is one of the cultural heritages of Sabu Island. In addition to being a cultural heritage, Sabu woven fabric is one of the handicrafts that still exist today which is preserved by Sabu women. Based on its manufacture, the classification process of Sabu woven fabric is based on color or motif identification. However, the classification process is not an easy process, because the classification process requires time and experts in the field of Sabu woven fabric. In addition to the classification process, the wider community also does not get much information about Sabu woven fabric clearly, because it is necessary to introduce the type of Sabu woven fabric, so that people can know or recognize the type of Sabu ikat woven fabric based on its type. Digital image processing techniques are utilized to build a system that can overcome the problems faced. Furthermore, image feature extraction will be carried out using gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) with 4 features namely contrast, correlation, energy, and homogeneity with angles of 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°. Each GLCM feature shows the same value even though the original image is rotated. After image feature extraction, the extracted data will be classified using the TensorFlow library. From these results it can be concluded that the program succeeded in selecting the type of Sabu ikat woven fabric class.

Comparison of Color Matching Ability of Dental Students and Dental Graduates using Vita Tooth Guide 3-D Master

Background: Achieving a satisfactory color match for dental restorations necessitates the effective selection and replication of shades. The knowledge of color science provides an understanding of the fundamental principles governing color mixing and interactionObjective: To compare the ability of color matching of dental students and dental graduates using vita tooth guide 3-D master.Material and Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 participants (100 dental students and 100 graduates) at the Prosthodontics department, LUMHS, Jamshoro using convenience sampling technique. At some time between 10:00 AM and 12:00 PM. The vita tooth guide 3D master® shade guide (VITA, Japan incorp) was used to compare the ability to match colors. Each participant was asked to color matched three shades (2L1.5, 1M2, and 2R1) of porcelain maxillary right central incisors. The comparison of color identification between dental students and graduates was conducted using the chi-squareResults: The gender distribution analysis revealed that group A had 43 (43%) male participants and group B had 37 (37%) male participants. Dental graduates were more competent in correct identified proper shade than dental students for sample I(shade 2L 1.5) (p&lt;0.001), II (shade 1M2) (p&lt;0.001), and III (shade 2R1) (p&lt;0.001). The association experience with Vita tooth guide 3D master with color identification test was only statistically significant for sample II (p=0.04). The results were similar among genders. For all samples and in both genders dental graduates were better than dental students in color identification statistically.Conclusion: Training and experience significantly contribute to the enhancement of color matching skills in shade selection.Keywords: Color Matching, Dental Students, Dental Graduates, Vita toothguide 3D master.

Recognition of Mushrooms and Classification of Edible and Toxic Families using Hardware Implementation of CNN Algorithms on an Embedded system

In this work, new ideas in the realm of picture identification and classification are developed and implemented on hardware. This entails putting new algorithms into practice, whether for color, texture, or shape identification for AI (Artificial Intelligence) and picture recognition applications. We concentrate on identifying edible mushrooms in the harvesting and food manufacturing processes. Our proposal for an embedded system based on a Raspberry-Pi4 type microcomputer employing a combination of hardware and software components has helped with the recognition and classification of items in the image. Our object recognition system is built on a novel neighborhood topology and a cutting-edge kernel function that enables the effective embedding of image processing-related characteristics. We tested the suggested CNN-based object recognition system using a variety of challenging settings, including diverse fungus species, uncontrolled environments, and varying backdrop and illumination conditions. The outcomes were superior to various state-of-the-art outcomes. On the other hand, our contribution relating to the dynamic mode integrates a CNN network to accurately encode the temporal information with an attention mask allowing us to focus on the characteristics of an edible mushroom according to the state of the art, and guarantee the robustness of the recognition. We implemented our algorithm on a Raspberry Pi400-based embedded system connected to a CMOS camera-type image sensor plus an HMI human-machine interface for the instantaneous display of results for the rapid classification of edible and inedible mushrooms.

Discrepancies between Genetic and Visual Coat Color Assignment in Sarcidano Horse.

This study aimed to evaluate the discrepancies between genetic and visual coat color assignment in the Sarcidano Horse and to elucidate potential reasons. Individual DNA from 90 Sarcidano Horses was used for genetic assignment of coat color to explore the correspondence with individual forms containing phenotypical traits. The MC1R exon 1 and ASIP exon 3 have been genotyped and sequenced to obtain a picture of the coat color distribution in this breed. Surprisingly, once we compared the genetic results with the individual forms reporting the phenotypic data for each subject, a certain degree of non-correspondence between the phenotypic and genetic data in relation to coat color emerged. From the genetic analysis, Chestnuts (n = 58) resulted the most common Sarcidano Horse (n = 58), followed by a quite large number of Blacks (n = 28) and a very small number of Bays (n = 4), whereas phenotypic distribution resulted in 38 Chestnuts, 40 Bays, only 2 Blacks, and 10 Grays (without the possibility of recognizing the true color they carried). Chestnut resulted a very representative coat color, while many horses that visually identified as Bays were genetically Blacks. This discrepancy, that could be due to a variety of individual and external factors, including age, time of year, living situation and dietary condition, suggesting the importance of accurate coat color identification to ensure adequate features registration and reliable prediction of offspring's coat color.

Identification of Optimal Tissue-Marking Dye Color for Pathological Evaluation in Fluorescence Imaging Using IRDye800CW.

Fluorescence-guided surgery using a tumor-specific antibody-dye conjugate is useful in various cancer types. Fluorescence imaging is a valuable tool both intraoperatively and postoperatively for ex vivo imaging. The color of inks used for tumor specimens during ex vivo specimen processing in pathology is an important consideration for fluorescence imaging since the absorption/emission of the dyes may interfere with the fluorescent dye. This study assesses suitable ink colors for use specifically with IRDye800CW fluorescence imaging. Eight tissue-marking inks or dyes (TMDs) commonly used for pathological evaluation were assessed. Agarose tissue-mimicking phantoms containing Panitumumab-IRDye800CW were used as an initial model. Mean fluorescence intensity was measured at 800nm using both Pearl Trilogy as a closed-field fluorescence imaging system and pde-neo II as an open-field fluorescence imaging system before and after TMD application. An in vivo mouse xenograft model using the human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma FaDu cell line was then used in conjunction with TMDs. The retained IRDye800CW fluorescence on Pearl Trilogy was as follows: yellow at 91.0 ± 4.5%, red at 90.6 ± 2.7%, orange at 88.2 ± 2.2%, violet at 56.6 ± 1.1%, lime at 40.9 ± 1.8%, green at 19.3 ± 2.8%, black at 13.3 ± 0.6%, and blue at 8.1 ± 0.2%. The retained IRDye800CW fluorescence on pde-neo II was as follows: yellow at 86.5 ± 6.4%, red at 77.0 ± 6.2%, orange at 76.9 ± 2.8%, lime at 72.5 ± 9.5%, violet at 59.7 ± 0.4%, green at 30.1 ± 6.9%, black at 17.0 ± 2.7%, and blue at 6.7 ± 1.7%. The retained IRDye800CW fluorescence in yellow and blue TMDs was 42.1 ± 14.9% and 0.2 ± 0.2%, respectively in the mouse experiment (p = 0.039). Yellow, red, and orange TMDs should be used, and blue and black TMDs should be avoided for evaluating tumor specimens through fluorescence imaging using IRDye800CW.

Lip color diversity: An intricate study.

Lip investigations and characterizations in the literature are less prevalent than for skin, particularly on the topic of color diversity. However, as the consumer demand increases for a nude lip makeup result, that is, shades close to the bare lip color, the identification and modification of lip color is essential for the cosmetic industry. The objective was to highlight lip color diversity among three ethnicities (Caucasian, African and Hispanic), through the use of a spectral color measurement device especially adapted to the lip area, and to consider lip color ethnic specificities and overlaps. The inferior natural lip color was measured with a full-face hyperspectral imaging system, SpectraFace (Newtone Technologies, Lyon, France), on 410 healthy women aged 19 to 68 (Caucasian French, Caucasian American, African American, and Hispanic American women). A hierarchical ascending classification, was deployed to determine clusters based on the lip colorimetric parameters along two strategies to identify the best statistical analysis to preserve the lip color diversity. Lip color is a continuous color space, with great intra-ethnic and inter-ethnic diversity, especially for African American women in terms of chroma and lightness. Among the two strategies of data analysis, our two-step statistical clustering analysis yielded 11 groups (i.e., 11 lip tones), revealing an accurate representation of the scope of diversity, but also of the overlaps. The 11 lip tones/colors could potentially serve as target shades for the development of a more diverse and inclusive range of lip cosmetics, such as nude lipsticks.

Applications of chemically modified screen-printed electrodes in food analysis and quality monitoring: a review.

Food analysis and food quality monitoring are vital aspects of the food industry, ensuring the safety and authenticity of various food products, from packaged goods to fast food. In this comprehensive review, we explore the applications of chemically modified Screen-Printed Electrodes (SPEs) in these critical domains. SPEs have become extremely useful devices for ensuring food safety and quality assessment because of their adaptability, affordability, and convenience of use. The Introduction opens the evaluation, that covers a wide spectrum of foods, encompassing packaged, junk food, and food quality concerns. This sets the stage for a detailed exploration of chemically modified SPEs, including their nature, types, utilization, and the advantages they offer in the context of food analysis. Subsequently, the review delves into the multitude applications of SPEs in food analysis, ranging from the detection of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi, which are significant indicators of food spoilage and safety, to the identification of pesticide residues, food colorants, chemicals, toxins, and antibiotics. Furthermore, chemically modified SPEs have proven to be invaluable in the quantification of metal ions and vitamins in various food matrices, shedding light on nutritional content and quality.

FASHION VISION BEYOND THE EYES: HOW FASHION BECOMES INCLUSIVE FOR PEOPLE WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS

The present study addresses inclusive fashion as a strategy to promote social inclusion and stimulate the cognitive and emotional development of individuals with visual impairments. The research aimed to create an approach that would utilize sensory elements in fashion pieces, allowing individuals who were born blind or lost their vision early in life to create tactile representations of shapes around them. The methodology is characterized as applied in nature, involving active collaboration between participants with visual impairments and professionals in the fashion industry. Customized pieces were developed, considering the individual preferences and specific needs of each participant. The qualitative approach included interviews with three visually impaired individuals and observations to comprehend the experiences, perceptions, and challenges faced by these individuals in the context of fashion. The results indicate that the inclusion of tactile textures and functional elements, such as larger zippers and snap buttons, contributes to a more autonomous and enriching experience in the selection and use of clothing. Additionally, technology plays a significant role, with wearable devices and applications assisting in color identification and reading digital Braille labels. The proposed approach not only enhances the tactile perception of clothing but also promotes individual expression and autonomy among people with visual impairments. By creating mental representations of shapes around them, inclusive fashion stimulates cognitive and creative development in these individuals. It can be concluded that this approach represents a significant step towards a more inclusive society, where fashion is accessible to everyone, regardless of their visual abilities.

Simplified homology-assisted CRISPR for gene editing in Drosophila.

In vivo genome editing with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 generates powerful tools to study gene regulation and function. We revised the homology-assisted CRISPR knock-in method to convert Drosophila GAL4 lines to LexA lines using a new universal knock-in donor strain. A balancer chromosome-linked donor strain with both body color (yellow) and eye red fluorescent protein (RFP) expression markers simplified the identification of LexA knock-in using light or fluorescence microscopy. A second balancer chromosome-linked donor strain readily converted the second chromosome-linked GAL4 lines regardless of target location in the cis-chromosome but showed limited success for the third chromosome-linked GAL4 lines. We observed a consistent and robust expression of the yellow transgene in progeny harboring a LexA knock-in at diverse genomic locations. Unexpectedly, the expression of the 3xP3-RFP transgene in the "dual transgene" cassette was significantly increased compared with that of the original single 3xP3-RFP transgene cassette in all tested genomic locations. Using this improved screening approach, we generated 16 novel LexA lines; tissue expression by the derived LexA and originating GAL4 lines was similar or indistinguishable. In collaboration with 2 secondary school classes, we also established a systematic workflow to generate a collection of LexA lines from frequently used GAL4 lines.