Identification Of Children Research Articles

Reframing Confidence Instructions to Child Eyewitness Reduces Overconfidence but Does Not Improve Confidence–Accuracy Calibration

ABSTRACTChildren are well‐documented to exhibit poor confidence–accuracy calibration on lineup identification tasks. Children tend to report overconfidence in their (often inaccurate) lineup identification decisions. This research explored the extent to which school‐aged children's (N = 142; 6‐ to 8‐year‐old) confidence reports are implicitly driven by perceived social pressure to provide a specific confidence rating. Children were randomly assigned to two different confidence instruction conditions: the neutral (n = 69) or the reframed conditions (n = 73). The reframed instructions encouraged honesty and instructed children to ignore perceived pressure when reporting confidence. Results revealed that the reframed instructions resulted in more conservative confidence judgments; however, this shift did not translate into those confidence ratings better reflecting children's identification accuracy. Overall, these findings provide evidence that, while external or social factors play a contributing role, other aspects of development are likely contributing more to the poor confidence–accuracy calibration observed with child eyewitnesses.

Identification of Children with Learning Barriers (Dysgraphia) and Treatment in Elementary School

Background: Education in elementary schools certainly has the aim of properly realizing the function of national education. However, without realizing it, in carrying out national functions certain obstacles come from both students and teachers. One of the obstacles that is often encountered is dysgraphia. Where dysgraphia is a difficulty experienced by children in reading due to poor writing and spelling in children. Therefore, researchers in this study have the aim of identifying learning barriers and handling them in one of the elementary schools in Sukoharjo Regency. This research uses a qualitative approach. The research participants were guidance and counseling teachers, class teachers, and students. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and, documentation. The analysis technique used is interactive data analysis through data reduction, data presentation, and data conclusions. The results of the research show that children with learning disabilities have types of dyslexia dysgraphia, motor dysgraphia, and spatial dysgraphia. Therefore, children with this type of digraphia obstacle can be overcome by using strategies used by class teachers and guidance and counseling teachers in various ways, namely by providing motivation to students, providing interesting media, writing pre-school activities, tracing letters, writing block letters and practicing in writing cursive letters.

Consumption of ultra-processed foods and low dietary diversity are associated with sedentary and unhealthy eating behaviors: A nationwide study with Brazilian Schoolchildren.

Consumption of ultra-processed foods and low dietary diversity are risk factors for chronic diseases. To evaluate the association between food consumption and sedentary and unhealthy eating behaviors of Brazilian schoolchildren between 6 and 11 years old. Cross-sectional study. A prevalence sample was calculated considering the number of children enrolled in elementary school. This sample was distributed proportionally to Brazil's macro-regions and the type of school (public or private). The questionnaire was developed in Google Forms and disseminated through the snowball technique. The questionnaire was filled in by the children's parents, with information about the child's identification and health. Afterward, the child completed a questionnaire by her/himself. We used the previously validated Illustrated Questionnaire on Food Consumption for Brazilian Schoolchildren and the Illustrated Questionnaire on Eating and Sedentary Behaviors. Food consumption was analyzed using the NOVA score and the dietary diversity score. Poisson's regression with robust variance was performed (p<0.05). The study included 2,021 dyads. Of these, 27.6% of children reported eating five or more ultra-processed foods and 39.0% four or fewer natural or staple foods the previous day. Using screens, proxy of sedentary behavior (Prevalence Ratio-PR = 1.8, Confidence Interval-CI95%1.2-2.8) and eating at irregular hours (PR = 1.6, CI95%1.2-2.2) were risk factors for high consumption of ultra-processed foods and low dietary diversity in schoolchildren. In addition, eating the three main meals on the previous day (PR = 0.6, CI95%0.4-0.8) was identified as protective factors against the consumption of ultra-processed foods and in favor of dietary diversity among schoolchildren. Sedentary and unhealthy eating behaviors were associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods and low dietary diversity in Brazilian schoolchildren.

Identification of Children's Personality Using Iterative Dichotomizer 3 (ID3) Algorithm

The purpose of this study was to determine the steps of implementing a system to identify the personality of an early childhood and to determine the effect of an early childhood personality identification system on increasing a child's potential to determine their interests and talents. In developing an expert system, the authors use the development method with steps including data collection, analysis, system design, due diligence, program evaluation and implementation. Based on calculations using the ID3 algorithm using the Weka application and manual calculations, it can be seen whether a personality identification is introverted or extroverted. The design of the data classification process is executed to produce a decision tree. From the research based on the research hypothesis, it can be concluded that from the experiments that have been carried out to predict a child's personality using the interactive dichotomous algorithm (ID3) method, predictions can be made to find out a child's personality.

Age and CRP Associated With Improved Tissue Pathogen Identification in Children With Blood Culture Negative Osteomyelitis: Results From the CORTICES Multicenter Database.

Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) is a relatively common condition in children, and identifying the offending pathogen with blood or tissue cultures aids in diagnosis and medical management while reducing treatment failure. Recent 2021 AHO clinical practice guidelines from the Pediatric Infectious Disease Society recommend obtaining routine tissue cultures, particularly in cases with negative blood cultures. The purpose of this study was to identify variables associated with positive tissue cultures when blood cultures are negative. Children with AHO from 18 pediatric medical centers throughout the United States through the Children's ORthopaedic Trauma and Infection Consortium for Evidence-based Study were evaluated for predictors of positive tissue cultures when blood cultures were negative. Cutoffs of predictors were determined with associated sensitivity and specificity. One thousand three children with AHO were included, and in 688/1003 (68.6%) patients, both blood cultures and tissue cultures were obtained. In patients with negative blood cultures (n=385), tissue was positive in 267/385 (69.4%). In multivariate analysis, age (P<0.001) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (P=0.004) were independent predictors. With age >3.1 years and CRP >4.1mg/dL as factors, the sensitivity of obtaining a positive tissue culture when blood cultures were negative was 87.3% (80.9-92.2%) compared with 7.1% (4.4-10.9%) if neither of these factors was present. There was a lower ratio of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in blood culture-negative patients who had a positive tissue culture 48/188 (25.5%), compared with patients who had both positive blood and tissue cultures 108/220 (49.1%). AHO patients with CRP ≤ 4.1mg/dL and age under 3.1 years are unlikely to have clinical value from tissue biopsy that exceeds the morbidity associated with this intervention. In patients with CRP > 4.1mg/dL and age over 3.1 years, obtaining a tissue specimen may add value; however, it is important to note that effective empiric antibiotic coverage may limit the utility of positive tissue cultures in AHO. Level III-Retrospective comparative study.

Enhancing Special Needs Identification for Children: A Comparative Study on Classification Methods Using ID3 Algorithm and Alternative Approaches

Enhancing Special Needs Identification for Children: A Comparative Study on Classification Methods Using ID3 Algorithm and Alternative Approaches

Influence of Gestational Age Correction and Shape-Based Trajectories in the Identification of Children’s Growth Patterns From Birth to 11 Years

ObjectivesChildhood growth reflects nutritional status such as under- or overnutrition and is a determinant of life health. Thus, early detection of sub-optimal growth patterns can help identify modifiable risk factors. Current approaches rely on the trajectory intercept and struggle to capture differences in trajectory shape, which better reflects change over time. This study implemented a novel approach to identify shape-based growth patterns in children from birth to 11 years of age. MethodsWe used anthropometric measures from 3,945 children at postnatal age 3 months, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 11 years from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort (Brazil). Weight-, height- and BMI-for-age Z-scores were calculated using INTERGROWTH21st and WHO growth standards. The impact of gestational age-correction (CA) in preterm-born children (n = 461) was tested, and trajectories were either baseline anchored at zero or not. This produced 4 analytical pipelines for pattern detection (k-means, Frechet’s distance): 1) no CA–no baseline anchoring; 2) no CA–with baseline anchoring; 3) with CA–no baseline anchoring; 4) with CA–with baseline anchoring. ResultsWe found 3 patterns for each Z-score, with “High” (increasing), “Middle” (stable) and “Low” (declining) trajectories. The use of both CA and baseline anchoring highlighted sub-groups of children with specific patterns related to early growth (first 3 months of life). In the non-anchored approach, CA influenced the mean trajectories detected by increasing the intercept and reducing the slope between birth and 3 months. Baseline anchoring identified mean trajectories with steeper slopes during this period, thus, capturing differential growth patterns in early life. ConclusionsDepending on the question, incorporating CA with or without baseline anchoring when analyzing growth patterns can better highlight aspects of early growth versus overall patterns across childhood and can improve growth analyses standardization in population-based studies. Funding SourcesJoannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, Lawson Family Chair in Microbiome Nutrition Research, CONACyT scholarship, Wellcome Trust, World Health Organization, National Support Program for Centers of Excellence, Brazilian National Research Council, Brazilian Ministry of Health, and Children’s Pastorate.

ABOUT AUTISM

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an increasing prevalence. It comprises an entire spectrum of characteristics with two core manifestations: a defi cit în social communication and the presence of repetitive behaviours and interests. The primary medical care personnel has an important role in the identifi cation of children with suggestive signs and their redirectioning towards specialized services and also in the long term management of their overall health.

Pathogen and Antibody Identification in Children with Encephalitis in Myanmar.

Prospective studies of encephalitis are rare in regions where encephalitis is prevalent, such as low middle-income Southeast Asian countries. We compared the diagnostic yield of local and advanced tests in cases of pediatric encephalitis in Myanmar. Children with suspected subacute or acute encephalitis at Yangon Children's Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar, were prospectively recruited from 2016-2018. Cohort 1 (n=65) had locally available diagnostic testing, whereas cohort 2 (n=38) had advanced tests for autoantibodies (ie, cell-based assays, tissue immunostaining, studies with cultured neurons) and infections (ie, BioFire FilmArray multiplex Meningitis/Encephalitis multiplex PCR panel, metagenomic sequencing, and pan-viral serologic testing [VirScan] of cerebrospinal fluid). A total of 20 cases (13 in cohort 1 and 7 in cohort 2) were found to have illnesses other than encephalitis. Of the 52 remaining cases in cohort 1, 43 (83%) had presumed infectious encephalitis, of which 2 cases (4%) had a confirmed infectious etiology. Nine cases (17%) had presumed autoimmune encephalitis. Of the 31 cases in cohort 2, 23 (74%) had presumed infectious encephalitis, of which one (3%) had confirmed infectious etiology using local tests only, whereas 8 (26%) had presumed autoimmune encephalitis. Advanced tests confirmed an additional 10 (32%) infections, 4 (13%) possible infections, and 5 (16%) cases of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibody encephalitis. Pediatric encephalitis is prevalent in Myanmar, and advanced technologies increase identification of treatable infectious and autoimmune causes. Developing affordable advanced tests to use globally represents a high clinical and research priority to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of encephalitis. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:615-628.

Identification of Children Using HOG

Abstract: Adults often utilize biometric recognition for a variety of tasks that require a personal identification evidence to be validated. Children's biometric identification, however, is still a challenge. In addition to helping find lost children and their families, developing border control systems to stop child trafficking, and assisting electronic recordkeeping systems, addressing this issue helps safeguard children against identity theft and identity fraud. Researchers are gathering biometric data from newborns' fingerprints, irises, and outer ears in order to start creating biometric recognition systems for kids. Children's ear mode was implemented using the hardware and software that were previously utilized for adults. Existing hardware was utilized in iris mode to find iris pictures. In order to capture children's fingerprints and transform the pictures into a backdrop format that complies with current international standards for issuing and comparing minutiae, new image processing gear and software have been created. Based on analyzing the effectiveness of usage and measuring the amount of performance, the benefits and drawbacks of utilizing each of these strategies throughout the first year of life were compared. Recommendations for the usage of each approach were given, despite the fact that they weren't always best practices.

Long Latency Auditory Evoked Responses in the Identification of Children With Central Auditory Processing Disorders: A Scoping Review.

The long latency auditory evoked responses (LLAERs), originating in the auditory cortex, are often considered a biomarker for maturity in the central auditory system and may therefore be useful in the evaluation of children with central auditory processing disorder (CAPD). However, the characteristics of the LLAERs elicited in this population have not been widely described, and clinical applications remain unclear. The goal of this scoping review was to investigate if LLAERs can be used to identify children with CAPD. A systematic search strategy was used to identify studies that analyzed the latencies and amplitudes of P1, N1, P2, and N2 waveforms of the LLAERs. The online databases, including Embase, Web of Science, MEDLINE, PubMed, ProQuest, and CINAHL, as well as the gray literature were searched for papers published in English and French between January 1980 and May 2021. Seventeen papers met the eligibility criteria and were included in the study. Four papers had pre- and posttraining study designs, and the remaining studies were cross-sectional. Several studies reported significant differences in LLAERs between children with CAPD and their normal-hearing peers, and the results tended toward longer latencies and smaller amplitudes regardless of LLAER waves considered. N1 and/or N2 results were most likely to reveal significant differences between children with CAPD and normal-hearing controls and could potentially be considered a biomarker for CAPD. It seems that LLAER assessments, especially waves N1 and N2, might assist in better identification of CAPD children. However, considering heterogeneity in the methodology among the included studies, the results should be interpreted with caution. Well-designed studies on children with confirmed CAPD using standard diagnostic and assessment protocols are suggested.

The influence of migrant children's identification with the college matriculation policy on their educational expectations.

Based on the theoretical framework of cultural reproduction theory and ecosystem theory, this paper explores the impact of migrant children's identification with the college entrance examination policy on their educational expectations and the associated underlying mechanisms from the micro, meso, and macro levels. In total, 1,770 questionnaires were collected from students, and 436 people were interviewed, including students, their teachers, and their parents. They are all from China. Through multidimensional analysis, the results indicated that both individual academic achievement and family social capital have positive impacts on migrant children's educational expectations and that social class segregation in school and perceived social discrimination have negative impacts on their educational expectations. Migrant children's identification with the policy has a significant positive impact on these children's educational expectations. Their identification with the policy enhances the positive impact of individual academic achievement and family social capital on their educational expectations and partially weakens the negative impact of social class segregation in school and perceived social discrimination on their educational expectations. The analysis suggests that college matriculation policy for migrant children drives a compensation mechanism that involves the “principle of justice”, a cultural mechanism that involves “promoting learning through examinations”, and an institutional mechanism involving “urban-rural integration” to increase educational expectations. This study enriches and develops the expectation theory of migrant children and provides a policy reference for local governments to improve their policies for college entrance examinations for migrant children and to promote household registration system reform.

Programmatic adaptations to acute malnutrition screening and treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID‐19 pandemic presented numerous challenges to acute malnutrition screening and treatment. To enable continued case identification and service delivery while minimising transmission risks, many organisations and governments implemented adaptations to community‐based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) programmes for children under 5. These included: Family mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC); modified admission and discharge criteria; modified dosage of therapeutic foods; and reduced frequency of follow‐up visits. This paper presents qualitative findings from a larger mixed methods study to document practitioners' operational experiences and lessons learned from these adaptations. Findings reflect insights from 37 interviews representing 15 organisations in 17 countries, conducted between July 2020 and January 2021. Overall, interviewees indicated that adaptations were mostly well‐accepted by staff, caregivers and communities. Family MUAC filled screening gaps linked to COVID‐19 disruptions; however, challenges included long‐term accuracy of caregiver measurements; implementing an intervention that could increase demand for inconsistent services; and limited guidance to monitor programme quality and impact. Modified admission and discharge criteria and modified dosage streamlined logistics and implementation with positive impacts on staff workload and caregiver understanding of the programme. Reduced frequency of visits enabled social distancing by minimising crowding at facilities and lessened caregivers' need to travel. Concerns remained about how adaptations impacted children's identification for and progress through treatment and programme outcomes. Most respondents anticipated reverting to standard protocols once transmission risks were mitigated. Further evidence, including multi‐year programmatic data analysis and rigorous research, is needed in diverse contexts to understand adaptations' impacts, including how to ensure equity and mitigate unintended consequences.

Identification of Children's Tuberous Sclerosis Complex with Multiple-contrast MRI and 3D Convolutional Network.

Identifying rare tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) children is valuable and crucial. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used for rare TSC diagnoses. In this work, T2w and FLAIR were combined as a new modality named FLAIR3 to maximize the contrast between TSC lesions and normal-appearing brain tissues. After that, for the first time, we propose to use two different 3D CNN combined with late fusion strategies to diagnose TSC. A total of 520 children were enrolled in the study, including 260 health and 260 TSC children. The experiments had shown that the FLAIR3 could effectively improve the conspicuity of TSC lesions and classification performance. And the results showed the proposed late fusion method can improve the classification performance and achieve the state-of-the-art performance of the AUC of 0.994 and the accuracy of 0.971, which could be treated as an effective computer-aided diagnostic tool to help clinical radiologists diagnose TSC children. Clinical Relevance- Our deep learning method can be a non-invasive, efficient, and reliable way to help clinical radiologists to identify TSC patients. FLAIR3 can provide clinicians with a new modality to accurately localize TSC lesions in TSC patients.

1262-P: Developing a Computable Phenotype Algorithm for Identification of Children and Adolescents with Diabetes Using Electronic Health Records

The Assessing the Burden of Diabetes by Type in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults (DiCAYA) Network, a CDC/NIDDK-funded collaborative, aims to create a multi-site electronic health record (EHR) -based diabetes surveillance system. Foundational to the network's efforts is the development of a computable phenotype (CP) algorithm that can identify cases of diabetes. To advance the mission of the DiCAYA network, University of Florida (UF) Health system researchers developed a pilot CP algorithm for identifying diabetes cases in youth. The CP algorithm was iteratively derived based on structured data from EHRs (UF Health system 2012-2020) . We randomly selected 500 presumed cases among individuals &amp;lt; 18 years old who has (1) HbA1c ≥ 6.5%; or (2) fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL; or (3) random plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL; or (4) diabetes-related diagnosis code from an inpatient or outpatient encounter; or (5) prescribed, administered, or dispensed diabetes-related medication. Four reviewers independently reviewed the patient charts to determine diabetes status and type. Presumed cases without type 1 (T1D) or type 2 (T2D) diabetes diagnosis codes were categorized as nondiabetes or other types. The rest were categorized as T1D if the ratio of T1D codes to the sum of T1D and T2D codes was ≥ 0.5, or otherwise categorized as T2D. Next, we applied a list of diagnoses and procedures that can determine diabetes type (e.g., steroid use suggests induced diabetes) to correct misclassifications from step 1. Among the 500 reviewed cases, 159 and 64 had T1D and T2D. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values of the CP algorithm were 94%, 98%, and 96% for T1D; 95%, 95%, and 73% for T2D. We developed a highly accurate EHR-based CP for diabetes in youth based on EHR data from UF Health. Consistent with prior studies, T2D was more difficult to identify using these methods. A DiCAYA-wide validation and algorithm refinement process will be conducted. Disclosure P.Li: None. M.Prosperi: None. B.E.Dixon: Advisory Panel; Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp. D.Dabelea: None. L.H.Utidjian: None. T.L.Crume: None. L.Thorpe: None. A.D.Liese: None. D.Schatz: Advisory Panel; Abbott Diabetes, Medtronic. M.A.Atkinson: None. M.J.Haller: Advisory Panel; SAB Biotherapeutics , Consultant; MannKind Corporation, Sanofi. E.Spector: None. E.Shenkman: None. J.Bian: None. Y.Guo: None. H.Shao: Board Member; BRAVO4HEALTH, LLC. M.A.Atkinson: None. K.Alkhuzam: None. R.S.Patel: None. W.T.Donahoo: None. S.Bost: None. T.Lyu: None. Y.Wu: None. W.Hogan: None. Funding CDC/NIDDK U18DP006512

Knowledge Regarding Early Identification of Children with Behavioral Problems Among Primary School Teachers

Behavioral troubles are specifically because of failure in adjustment to outside surroundings and presence of internal war. Behavioral troubles continually want unique attention. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of psycho education technique among primary school teachers regarding early identification of children with behavioural problems. Research Hypothesis: There is significant difference between the mean pre-test and post-test knowledge score among primary school teachers. Methodology: The research approach for this study was an evaluative and an educative approach. The research design adopted for this study was quasi-experimental design for assessing the knowledge of primary school teachers regarding early identification of children with behavioral problems. The probability sampling which includes simple random sampling technique by using lottery method was utilized for the selection of the subjects, which includes a sample of 70 primary school teachers were selected for the study by allotting identification number (E1, E2, E3) through lottery method after following the name list of subjects according to the alphabetical order as written in the teacher’s register. Result: the result of this study shows that over all pre-test knowledge was 45%. Result show that overall post test knowledge was 63%. The difference between pre-test knowledge score and post-test knowledge score was 18% (63% - 45%). Hence, the difference in knowledge score was due to psycho-education module. The net benefit of psycho-education module was 18%.

言語障害児の早期発見の重要性

言語障害児の早期発見の重要性

Identification of Children with Disabilities in Government Primary Schools of Hyderabad District - Survey

Disability can be defined as any limitation or restriction to perform developmentally appropriate activities which are desired by society. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY) defined disability as, “neither purely biological nor social but instead the interaction between health conditions, environmental and personal factors.” It described disability at three levels: 1. An impairment in body function or structure, such as a cataract which prevents the passage of light and sensing of form, shape, and size of visual stimuli;, 2. A limitation in activity, such as the inability to read or move around; 3. A restriction in participation, such as exclusion from school. Children with disabilities require interventions and support, Difficulty in oral language 1. Slow development in speaking words or sentences (also referred to as,late talkers) 2. Pronunciation problems 3. Difficulty learning new words; slow vocabulary growth 4. Difficulty finding the right word to use when speaking 5. Difficulty understanding and following simple (one-step) directions 6. Difficulty understanding questions 7. Difficulty recognizing or learning rhyming words 8. Lack of interest in storytelling.&#x0D; Students with learning disabilities are among the most vulnerable-at chronic risk for "not learning" under the aforementioned conditions, for long-term academic and social problems, and for lifelong debilitating side-effects of their classroom experiences. 30 Government Primary schools from class 1 to 5 were identified in Hyderabad district and 3200 children were screened to identify whether they have hearing and speech impairment, Intellectual Disability, Autism, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and learning Ethical norms were followed in this study for collecting the data. Care has been taken to meet the ethical requirements in this research study, during developing the screening camp while discussion with the teachers and children. Out of 3200 children 660 children were identified with different disabilities and referred to the concerned Institutes for detailed evaluation and intervention services. There is an urgent and substantial need to identify as early as possible those young children in need of services. The need for early identification of learning disabilities is highly related to potential.

Engaging Racial Identification in Children in the Classroom: Commentary on Archangelo and O’Loughlin: Exploring Racial Formation in Children: Thoughts from an Encounter with Black Children in Brazil

With the world in turmoil on so many fronts, psychoanalytic psychology, indeed all of psychology that focuses on the individual mind and individual behavior, faces challenges in maintaining its rel...

Children's comprehension of prosodically marked focus in Hungarian: How mandatory syntactic focus-marking affects the trajectory of acquisition.

This study investigates children's identification of prosodic focus in Hungarian, a language in which syntactic focus-marking is mandatory. Assuming that regular syntactic focus-marking diminishes the disambiguating role of prosodic marking in acquisition, we expected that in sentences in which focus is only disambiguated by prosody, adult-like comprehension of prosodic focus-marking should be delayed in comparison to the Germanic and Romance languages investigated previously using the same experimental method that we adopted. Our results, confirming this prediction, suggest that the developmental trajectory of the comprehension of prosodic focus-marking may be substantially affected by cross-linguistic grammatical variation in the marking of focus.