Identification Of Bacterial Contamination Research Articles

Isolation and identification of bacterial contamination from used pens by using nutrient agar medium

The pen is a common writing instrument made of plastic or metal with a pointed tip used to apply ink to a surface. Placing pen on dirty surfaces like other objects exposes it to contamination. In this study was conducted to isolate and identify the bacterial contamination of student’s pen in Sathyam International School, vellakoil, Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu, India by using nutrient agar medium. Samples were prepared using swabs moistened with sterile saline and streaked on nutrient agar plates. Out of 25 samples, 19 samples are contaminated by bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Escherichia coli having the highest amount and followed by Staphylococcus aureus having lowest amount colony forming capacity.

Identification of Bacterial Contamination in River Water Lulut in East Banjarmasin District

Many people use river water for washing, bathing and some even still use traditional latrines. River water is starting to get polluted because it is contaminated with waste, especially bacterial contamination that occurs as a result of various kinds of waste from community activities around the river. Bacterial pollution in rivers is very dangerous if river water is used continuously by the community. The city of Banjarmasin accounts for the most diarrhea in South Kalimantan. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of contamination and the type of coliform bacteria in the water of the Martapura River, Sungai Lulut Village, East Banjarmasin District. The method used in this research is descriptive observation. All samples were positive with an average MPN value of >1100 MPN/g and were classified as rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria (bacillus) and suspected specifics of Escherichia Coli. The test results showed that the waters of the Martapura river, Lulut River Village, East Banjarmasin District, were contaminated with coliform bacteria that had passed the threshold of class 1 (1000 MPN/g) river requirements.

Identifikasi Bakteri pada Ikan Pindang Tongkol (Euthynnus affinis) di Pasar Tradisional Semarapura, Klungkung, Bali

Mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis) brine salting is a famous seafood product in Indonesia due to its good nutrition content. Bacterial contamination on this product may increase risk of foodborne diseases to happen, in addition to a decrease in quality and nutritionous value of the product. The main objective of this research was to identify bacteria contaminating the brine salting Mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis) sold in Tradisional Markets in Klungkung, Bali, Indonesia. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was apllied in the process of identification of bacterial contaminants. Samples were collected from 5 fish kiosks at the Tradisional market in Klungkung, Bali Indonesia. Each sample was cultured in Blood Agar or Nutrient Agar. Colonies with different morfology were selected, enriched in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB), and their DNA was extracted before being amplified with 16S rRNA primers. This PCR products were then sequenced, and the results were compared with those available in the geneBank. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool was conducted with help of MEGA software version 6. Seven bacterial species were identified, and these included Serratia nematodiphila, Bacillus cereus, Shewanella seohaensis, Vibrio alginolyticus, Kurthia gibsonii, Enterobacter cloacae, and Staphylococcus sciuri. All but one Kurthia gibsonii are potensial pathogens in human. Staphylococcus sciuri is not commonly found in seafood. The present of such species in the mackerel tuna brine salting product was probably due to poor handling during the process and distribution.

Identification of bacterial contaminants from calcium carbonate filler production lines and an evaluation of biocide based decontamination procedures

The aim of this study was to analyze the bacterial community in the production line of a calcium carbonate filler production company and to investigate possible causes for bacterial presence. Throughout 2012, 24 carbonate slurry and six groundwater samples were analyzed. Pseudomonas and Microbacterium were the most frequent contaminants in the slurry, whereas Pseudomonas and Brevundimonas dominated the groundwater samples. Of the 43 different bacterial strains isolated, only five were found both in the slurry and the groundwater, indicating that the latter was not a major source of contamination. The efficacy of 54 commercial biocidal formulations was tested against an artificial bacterial consortium composed of selected slurry isolates. A formulation containing 7.5–15% (v v–1) bronopol and 1.0–2.5% (v v–1) [chloroisothiazolinone (CIT) + methylisothiazolinone (MIT)] exhibited the highest efficacy. Of the possible causes for bacterial presence, sporogenesis and biocide adsorption to carbonate particles were found to be less probable compared to bacterial adsorption to particles, and the acquisition of resistance to biocides.

Detection and Identification of Bacterial Contamination in Blood Samples from Cancer Patients

Title Bacterial detection in cancer samples. Background Bacterial contamination follow up is an integral part of quality control for blood sample handling and processing. Blood sample contamination is promoted by inappropriate blood drawing practices or laboratory environments. This study investigated the presence of Gram-positive bacteria in the skin microenvironment that are capable of causing serious infections in cancer patients. Moreover, this study examined whether such contamination is caused by a lack of appropriate disinfection during blood collection, which may facilitate entry of skin bacteria into the bloodstream, or by downstream mishandling of samples by laboratory staff before or during analysis. Alternatively, blood contamination may result from an undiagnosed infection, such as Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Methods and findings The bacteria described above have been detected by polymerase chain reaction (P.C.R). Our results revealed that 82% of examined samples were contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus prior to any further blood processing. Conclusion The presence of Staphylococcus aureus before any blood processing indicating bacterial contamination results from incorrect venipuncture practices or the presence of an underlying infection that has yet to be diagnosed

Identification of bacterial contaminants in polyherbal medicines used for the treatment of tuberculosis in Amatole District of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, using rapid 16S rRNA technique.

BackgroundPolyherbal medicines are used for the treatment of many diseases in many African and Asian communities. With the increasing use of these remedies, several investigations have shown that they are associated with a broad variety of residues and contaminants. This study investigates the presence of bacteria in the polyherbal medicines used for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.MethodsBacterial DNA was extracted from the polyherbal medicines, and a fragment of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR with universal primers 27F and 518R. The amplicons were visualised on agarose gel electrophoresis, followed by end repair and adaptor ligation. They were further purified and quantified using Library Preparation kit NEBNext® UltraT DNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina, and the amplicons were run on illumina’s MiSeq platform.ResultsDifferent bacterial species were identified in all each of the polyherbal medicines. Generally, the most prominent and common bacteria recovered from all the samples were Bacillus sp., Enterobacter sp., Klebsiella sp., Rahnella sp., Paenibacillus sp., Clostridium sp. and Pantoea sp. Others are Pseudomonas sp., Raoultella ornithinolytica, Salmonella enterica and Eubacterium moniliforme.ConclusionsThis study, thus, revealed the presence of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria in the polyherbal medicines used for the treatment of tuberculosis in the study area. The implications of the findings are discussed in relation to the health care of the patients of tuberculosis in the study area, having in mind that they are immunocompromised individuals.

Frequency of Bacterial Samples from Patients with Chronic Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction

Introduction:Dacryocystitis is an infection of lacremical sac due to obstruction of nasolacrimal duct which has primary or secondary causes. Idiopathic inflammatory obstruction is the primary cause. Trauma, infection, inflammation, neoplasia, and mechanical obstruction are secondary one.Aim:The objective of this study is determination of bacterial samples from patients with chronic acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction.Methods:This cross-sectional study was contained 90 patients with dacryocystitis from 2010 to 2011, in Besat hospital. Convenience sampling in sterile condition sampling was performed by sterile swab from the pus out of the lacrimal sac. Blood agar, EMB, chocolate agar, and thioglycolate broth were used for bacterial cultivation. Various antibiotics were used for antibiotic resistance study. Finally, statistical analysis was done by SPSS ver. 15.Results:In this study, the mean age of participants was 49.36 ± 12.18 years. Number of male and female patients was equal and Sampling was performed in 53.3% of patients from the right eye. The most frequent bacteria were Staphylococcus, E. coli, and Enterobacteriaceae, respectively. Also, our results show most of bacteria obtained from patients eye pus are sensitive to chloramphenicol and the most antibiotic resistance was for co-trimoxazole.Conclusion:Our results illustrated gram-positive bacteria have an important role in dacryocystitis which is confirm previous studies. Although our results indicated chloramphenicol is the best choice for treatment process, but it is notable due to the variety of bacteria which can cause this disease, identification of bacterial contamination can be a great help to choose the best treatment process.

PCR detection and identification of bacterial contaminants in ocular samples from post-operative endophthalmitis.

Bacterial endophthalmitis is a sight-threatening complication of ocular surgery which requires urgent medical consideration including comprehensive diagnosis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a sensitive molecular method has been extensively used for detection of microbial species in clinical specimens. The aim of this study was to identify the causative organisms of endophthalmitis in our patient population using a procedure based on PCR. Vitreous samples from 32 patients with post-operative endophthalmitis were collected. Total vitreous DNA was extracted and then assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified from genomic DNA using PCR with a pair of HAD2 universal primers. Library of PCR products from 16S rRNA, cloned into the pTZ57R/T vector. The ligated products were then transformed into E. coli DH5α strain and grown in the LB-ampicillin/X-Gal/IPTG plate. From the total of 32 vitreous samples, 18 specimens were positive, illustrating the presence of bacterial infection (56.4 %). Twelve species including Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Bacillus subtilis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria meningitides, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus were identified using BLAST for known 16S rRNA sequences. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) accompanied with cloning and sequencing approved to be sensitive and specific. The rapid molecular technique was useful in detection of 12 major microbial species, in infectious endophthalmitis.

Enumeration and Identification of Bacterial Contaminants in Commercial and Locally Produced Honey

Honey can be contaminated at various points during production and packaging, and viable bacteria are commonly detectable in honey at the point of sale. Commercial production of honey involves blending honeys obtained from multiple sources, often located in more than one nation. During blending, honey is heated to decrease viscosity, thereby easing filtration. In comparison, locally produced honey is typically made in small scale, and subjected to less processing during packaging. Given these differences, we hypothesized that commercially blended honey—products containing honey from multiple countries—would contain fewer bacteria per gram compared to locally produced honey. This study compares both the quantity and diversity of bacteria present in locally produced honey with commercially blended honey. Plate count assays were used to determine the quantity of bacteria present in commercial (n = 13) and locally produced (n = 19) honey samples. Identification of bacteria cultured from two representative samples was accomplished using 16S rDNA sequencing. Significantly higher numbers of bacteria were detectable in the locally produced honey samples in comparison to the commercial samples when cultured both aerobically and anaerobically (means: 1,210 CFU/g vs. 400 CFU/g; p<0.001 and 286 CFU/g vs. 130 CFU/g; p< 0.001, respectively). 16S rDNA sequencing indicated the presence of at least five unique species in the locally produced sample and eight unique species in the blended sample. These results support the hypothesis that, overall, locally produced honeys harbor a significantly higher bacterial content in comparison to commercially blended honey.

Enumeration and Identification of Bacterial Contaminants in Commercial and Locally Produced Honey

Abstract. Honey can be contaminated at various points during production and packaging, and viable bacteria are commonly detectable in honey at the point of sale. Commercial production of honey involves blending honeys obtained from multiple sources, often located in more than one nation. During blending, honey is heated to decrease viscosity, thereby easing filtration. In comparison, locally produced honey is typically made in small scale, and subjected to less processing during packaging. Given these differences, we hypothesized that commercially blended honey—products containing honey from multiple countries—would contain fewer bacteria per gram compared to locally produced honey. This study compares both the quantity and diversity of bacteria present in locally produced honey with commercially blended honey. Plate count assays were used to determine the quantity of bacteria present in commercial (n = 13) and locally produced (n = 19) honey samples. Identification of bacteria cultured from two represent...

Identification of Bacterial Contaminants in Sinus Irrigation Bottles from Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients

Objectifs L'etude avait pour objectif de determiner si des flacons de lavage des sinus utilises par des patients souffrant d'une rhinosinusite chronique (RC) abritaient des contaminants bacteriens. Type d'etude: Des patients presentant des symptomes de RC non accompagnes d'une infection mucopurulente, et n'ayant pas d'antecedents chirurgicaux ont participe a l'etude. On leur a montre comment utiliser et nettoyer correctement les flacons de lavage des sinus et on leur a demande de remettre leur flacon de rincage a des consultations de suivi. Methodes: Il y a eu culture des contaminants bacteriens se trouvant sur la face interne des flacons de lavage des sinus, remis par les patients. Nous avons d'abord isole l'acide desoxyribonucleique (ADN) genomique de colonies purifiees, puis nous avons eu recours a la reaction en chaine par polymerase pour amplifier les genes de l'acide ribonucleique ribosomique 16S. Les produits ainsi obtenus ont ensuite ete sequences et analyses dans la base de donnees Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD) pour l'identification du genre et de l'espece des contaminants bacteriens a partir de comparaisons de sequences d'ADN ribosomique 16S. Principaux criteres d'evaluation: Les criteres comprenaient la remise des flacons abritant les contaminants bacteriens et leur identification posterieure. Resultats: Au total, 142 isolats bacteriens ont ete cultives et identifies. Les micro-organismes comprenaient des bacteries connues de la flore buccale ainsi que des microbes pathogenes des voies respiratoires superieures et des sinus. Trente-deux especes de bacterie ont ete identifiees chez 11 patients. II n'y avait pas de correlation entre la duree d'utilisation des flacons et le degre de contamination. Conclusion: L'etude a fait ressortir le risque de contamination bacterienne des flacons de lavage des sinus et, par le fait meme, le risque de reinoculation.

Development of an optical method for identification of bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates – A feasibility study

Abstract The number of platelet concentrates that are lost every year for clinical use, because of either the absence of suitable methods or the presence of only non-specific detection ones, is unacceptable both from a medical and an economic point of view. The clinical methods currently in use are not only too slow and inaccurate but are also too costly. The aim of the presented feasibility study was to overcome these disadvantages by developing a quick and inexpensive method to detect contamination in platelet concentrates. A suitable method was realized based on flow-through cytometry and fluorescence marking of bacteria in the form of an optimized test set-up and evaluation procedure. First measurements using the test set-up were very promising; however, further investigations are necessary to optimize the bacterial staining and to improve the signal-to-noise ratio.

Extracellular accumulation of bioactive substances; Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in stored blood units and relation to bacterial contamination

Bacterial contamination of blood and its cellular components remains an unresolved problem in transfusion medicine and is considered to be the most common microbiological cause of transfusion associated morbidity and mortality.The present work was designed to explore the levels of two bioactive compounds interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in stored blood units and their relation to bacterial contamination of these units.This study was conducted on 112 blood units obtained from blood bank of Mansoura University Children Hospital. Sequential blood samples were obtained both immediately at donation and after 10 days for measurement of IL-1 β and PAI-1 and for bacterial culture by BACTEC 9050 system.There was statistically significant increase in both IL-1 β and PAI-1 (P = 0.0001) after 10 days of blood units storage. Bacteriological culture revealed no growth in 68% and positive growth in 32% of blood units. The commonest isolated organism was Staphylococcus aureus (15%) followed by Staphylococcus epidermedis (13%) then Yersinia sp. and Enterobacter sp. (2%) for each.From the present study we could conclude that stored blood units contain platelets and WBCs derived bioactive substances PAI-1 and IL-1 β which increase with the duration of blood storage. Furthermore, the extended duration of storage carries the danger of blood contamination by bacteria. Automated blood culture system seems to be helpful in identification of bacterial contamination of blood units. We recommend fresh blood transfusion as early as possible and the practice of Leucofiltration to avoid blood transfusion complications.

Isolation, Characterization, and Identification of Bacterial Contaminants in Semifinal Gelatin Extracts

Bacterial contamination of gelatin is of great concern. Indeed, this animal colloid has many industrial applications, mainly in food and pharmaceutical products. In a previous study (E. De Clerck and P. De Vos, Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 25:611-618), contamination of a gelatin production process with a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was demonstrated. In this study, bacterial contamination of semifinal gelatin extracts from several production plants was examined. Since these extracts are subjected to harsh conditions during production and a final ultrahigh-temperature treatment, the bacterial load at this stage is expected to be greatly reduced. In total, 1,129 isolates were obtained from a total of 73 gelatin batches originating from six different production plants. Each of these batches was suspected of having bacterial contamination based on quality control testing at the production plant from which it originated. For characterization and identification of the 1,129 bacterial isolates, repetitive-element PCR was used to obtain manageable groups. Representative strains were identified by means of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, species-specific gyrB PCR, and gyrA and rpoB sequencing and were tested for gelatinase activity. The majority of isolates belonged to members of Bacillus or related endospore-forming genera. Representative strains were identified as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus fumarioli, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus sonorensis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus gelatini, Bacillus thermoamylovorans, Anoxybacillus contaminans, Anoxybacillus flavithermus, Brevibacillus agri, Brevibacillus borstelensis, and Geobacillus stearothermophilus. The majority of these species include strains exhibiting gelatinase activity. Moreover, some of these species have known pathogenic properties. These findings are of great concern with regard to the safety and quality of gelatin and its applications.

Rapid detection and identification of bacterial strains by Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy.

The use of Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy and multivariate pattern recognition techniques for the rapid detection and identification of bacterial contamination in liquids was evaluated. The complex biochemical composition of bacteria yields FT-NIR vibrational transitions (overtone and combination bands) that can be used for classification and identification. Bacterial suspensions (Escherichia coli HB101, E. coli ATCC 43888, E. coli 1224, Bacillus amyloliquifaciens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, and Listeria innocua) were filtered to harvest the cells and eliminate the matrix, which has a strong NIR signal. FT-NIR measurements were done using a diffuse reflection-integrating sphere. Principal component analysis showed tight clustering of the bacterial strains at the information-rich spectral region of 6000-4000 cm(-1). The method reproducibly distinguished between different E. coli isolates and conclusively identified the relationship between a new isolate and one of the test species. This methodology may allow for the rapid assessment of potential bacterial contamination in liquids with minimal sample preparation.

Detection and identification of bacterial contaminants from strawberry runner explants

Microbial contaminants were detected in surface-sterilized strawberry runner explants partially submerged in half-strength liquid Murashige and Skoog medium. From June to August, 1994, 45 of 70 strawberry genotypes were found to be contaminated, whereas from June to August, 1995, 53 of 72 contained contaminants. There were more bacterial than fungal contaminants. Bacterial contaminants from 22 strawberry genotypes were isolated, purified, and identified to genus by standard biochemical tests such as Gram’s stain, motility, oxidase, and gelatinase, and carbon source utilization (Biolog Microplates, Biolog, Inc., Hayward, CA). Among the 30 isolates identified with the Biology system, the majority were fluorescent pseudomonads including Pseudomonas fluorescens types A, F, and G. P. corrugata, P. tolaasii, P. paucimobilis, Xanthomonas campestris, Xanthomonas spp., and Enterobacter cloacae were also identified. Five Gram-negative and two Gram-positive contaminants could not be identified by the Biology test. Biochemical tests were used to characterize the bacteria and to confirm Biolog test results. Bacteria identified in this study were soil, water, and plant related, indicating that efforts to reduce explant contaminant levels should be centered on the care of stock plants or the sterility of the watering system.