Identification Of ATP Research Articles

Purinergic Signalling: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Potential

The article begins with a review of the main conceptual steps involved in the development of our understanding of purinergic signalling, including non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) neurotransmission; identification of ATP as a NANC transmitter; purinergic cotransmission; recognition of two families of purinoceptors [P1 (adenosine) and P2 (ATP/ADP)]; and, later, cloning and characterisation of P1 (G protein-coupled), P2X (ion channel) and P2Y (G protein-coupled) receptor subtypes. Further studies have established the involvement of ATP in synaptic neurotransmission in both ganglia and in the central nervous system; long-term (trophic) purinergic signalling in cell proliferation, differentiation and death occurring in development and regeneration; and short-term purinergic signalling in neurotransmission, neuromodulation and secretion. ATP is released from most cell types in response to gentle mechanical stimulation and is rapidly degraded to adenosine by ecto-nucleotidases. This review then focuses on the pathophysiology of purinergic signalling in a wide variety of systems, including urinogenital, cardiovascular, airway, musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal. Consideration is also given to the involvement of purinoceptors in pain, cancer and diseases of the central nervous system. Purinergic therapeutic approaches for the treatment of some of these diseases are discussed.

Purinergic Signalling: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Potential

The article begins with a review of the main conceptual steps involved in the development of our understanding of purinergic signalling, including non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) neurotransmission; identification of ATP as a NANC transmitter; purinergic cotransmission; recognition of two families of purinoceptors [P1 (adenosine) and P2 (ATP/ADP)]; and, later, cloning and characterisation of P1 (G protein-coupled), P2X (ion channel) and P2Y (G protein-coupled) receptor subtypes. Further studies have established the involvement of ATP in synaptic neurotransmission in both ganglia and in the central nervous system; long-term (trophic) purinergic signalling in cell proliferation, differentiation and death occurring in development and regeneration; and short-term purinergic signalling in neurotransmission, neuromodulation and secretion. ATP is released from most cell types in response to gentle mechanical stimulation and is rapidly degraded to adenosine by ecto-nucleotidases. This review then focuses on the pathophysiology of purinergic signalling in a wide variety of systems, including urinogenital, cardiovascular, airway, musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal. Consideration is also given to the involvement of purinoceptors in pain, cancer and diseases of the central nervous system. Purinergic therapeutic approaches for the treatment of some of these diseases are discussed.

Purinergic Signalling: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Potential

The article begins with a review of the main conceptual steps involved in the development of our understanding of purinergic signalling, including non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) neurotransmission; identification of ATP as a NANC transmitter; purinergic cotransmission; recognition of two families of purinoceptors [P1 (adenosine) and P2 (ATP/ADP)]; and, later, cloning and characterisation of P1 (G protein-coupled), P2X (ion channel) and P2Y (G protein-coupled) receptor subtypes. Further studies have established the involvement of ATP in synaptic neurotransmission in both ganglia and in the central nervous system; long-term (trophic) purinergic signalling in cell proliferation, differentiation and death occurring in development and regeneration; and short-term purinergic signalling in neurotransmission, neuromodulation and secretion. ATP is released from most cell types in response to gentle mechanical stimulation and is rapidly degraded to adenosine by ecto-nucleotidases. This review then focuses on the pathophysiology of purinergic signalling in a wide variety of systems, including urinogenital, cardiovascular, airway, musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal. Consideration is also given to the involvement of purinoceptors in pain, cancer and diseases of the central nervous system. Purinergic therapeutic approaches for the treatment of some of these diseases are discussed.

Cotransmission in the autonomic nervous system

Cotransmission in the autonomic nervous system

Isolation and identification of ATP: Nucleotide pyrophosphotransferase-producing microorganism.

ATP: nucleotide pyrophosphotransferase-producing microorganism was isolated from soil in Osaka prefecture. The morphological and physiological characteristics of this microorganism were studied. This strain was identified and named Streptomyces adephospholyticus nov. sp. When this strain was aerobically cultured in a fermentor at 30°C in a medium containing 2% glycerol, 4% polypepton, 0.1% KH2PO4, 0.04% MgSO4°7H2O, 2 ppm FeSO4°7H2O and 2ppm MnSO4°6H2O at pH 7.0, ATP: nucleotide pyrophosphotransferase was produced in the culture filtrate. The highest activity was obtained after 30 to 40 hr cultivation. The maximum enzyme production was 3000 to 4000 unit per liter.