Identification List Research Articles

Molecular Hydrogen Line Identifications in Solar Flares Observed by IRIS: Lower Atmospheric Structure from Radiometric Analysis

A rich spectrum of molecular hydrogen (H2) emission lines is seen in sensitive observations from the far-ultraviolet (FUV) channels of the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) during flare activity in solar active region NOAA Active Region 11861. Based on this observation, we have determined 37 new line identifications by comparing synthetic spectra produced using 1D modeling of H2 fluorescence. To avoid misidentification of the H2 lines, we have also compiled a complete list of atomic line identifications for the IRIS FUV bandpasses from previous work. We carry out analysis of the spatially resolved H2 emission that occurs during the flares and find the following: (1) in spatially resolved observations the H2 line ratios may show optically thick line formation, contrary to previous results; (2) comparison of the spatial distribution of H2 Doppler velocities with those measured from other species reveals that H2 remote sensing probes an intermediate depth in the atmosphere between the photosphere and chromosphere, consistent with expectations from modeling; (3) the relationship between H2 line intensity and the observed intensity of its exciter is related to the atmospheric stratification; however, (4) H2 fluorescence can sometimes occur in response to radiation from distant sources many megameters away across the solar surface.

Milking Sterne’s Subscription Lists, and Extrapolations Therefrom

Abstract In the eighteenth century many books were published with lengthy lists of the names, at the front, or occasionally at the back, of those who subscribed to the publication. Scholars have sometimes turned to these lists to make a point about the author or work involved, but it is fair to say that there has never been a consistent attempt to identify and make use of the subscribers of a specific author until just recently, when the publication of an identification list of Laurence Sterne’s subscribers appeared as part of the Florida Edition of Sterne’s works. This article identifies several Sterne subscribers hitherto unidentified or under-identified, discusses techniques for doing so and pitfalls in such techniques, and, finally, makes a case for the usefulness of such identifications both to literary critics and to social historians interested in Sterne’s work.

The Nexus Between Construction Contract Risk Assessment and Big Data in China

The construction market in China is currently showing an increasing trend in terms of project size, complexity, and technical difficulty. With large initial investments and long capital payback periods, construction projects are vulnerable to the external environment during development and risk control is particularly important. Contracts are at the heart of project management and every step of project development revolves around the content of the contract signed by the contractor. Signing contracts to protect the rights of both parties has become the most effective way of controlling project risk. And with big data technology being rapidly developed and widely used, and the amount of data created and accumulated by the internet growing exponentially, big data has the potential to be used for analysis, forecasting and decision making in the construction industry. The aim of this study is therefore to develop a risk identification list for construction project contracts in China, to score the risks within the list according to their incidence and importance, and to find practical applications of big data technology in contract risk assessment. To achieve this goal, this study used qualitative research and in-depth interviews with experts within the Chinese construction engineering industry. The results of this study form a list of risks in Chinese construction contracts, indicating that late payment and government intervention are the most important risks in Chinese construction contracts. This study also identifies TianYanCha, a commonly used big data enterprise risk identification platform in China, which provides big data support in three areas: evaluating owner integrity, enterprise risk identification, and owner relationship knowledge. At the practical level, this study helps contractors to assess project risks and improve contractual contents during the preparation phase of construction projects, thus improving the success rate of projects. At the theoretical level, this study fills the gap in contractual risk assessment for construction projects in China and provides insights for subsequent risk assessment of construction projects based on the contractor's perspective.

Gaussian Mixture Modeling Extensions for Improved False Discovery Rate Estimation in GC-MS Metabolomics.

The ability to reliably identify small molecules (e.g., metabolites) is key toward driving scientific advancement in metabolomics. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is an analytic method that may be applied to facilitate this process. The typical GC-MS identification workflow involves quantifying the similarity of an observed sample spectrum and other features (e.g., retention index) to that of several references, noting the compound of the best-matching reference spectrum as the identified metabolite. While a deluge of similarity metrics exist, none quantify the error rate of generated identifications, thereby presenting an unknown risk of false identification or discovery. To quantify this unknown risk, we propose a model-based framework for estimating the false discovery rate (FDR) among a set of identifications. Extending a traditional mixture modeling framework, our method incorporates both similarity score and experimental information in estimating the FDR. We apply these models to identification lists derived from across 548 samples of varying complexity and sample type (e.g., fungal species, standard mixtures, etc.), comparing their performance to that of the traditional Gaussian mixture model (GMM). Through simulation, we additionally assess the impact of reference library size on the accuracy of FDR estimates. In comparing the best performing model extensions to the GMM, our results indicate relative decreases in median absolute estimation error (MAE) ranging from 12% to 70%, based on comparisons of the median MAEs across all hit-lists. Results indicate that these relative performance improvements generally hold despite library size; however FDR estimation error typically worsens as the set of reference compounds diminishes.

TRNA derived small RNAs-Small players with big roles.

In the past 2 decades, small non-coding RNAs derived from tRNA (tsRNAs or tRNA derived fragments; tRFs) have emerged as new powerful players in the field of small RNA mediated regulation of gene expression, translation, and epigenetic control. tRFs have been identified from evolutionarily divergent organisms from Archaea, the higher plants, to humans. Recent studies have confirmed their roles in cancers and other metabolic disorders in humans and experimental models. They have been implicated in biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants as well. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on tRFs including types of tRFs, their biogenesis, and mechanisms of action. The review also highlights recent studies involving differential expression profiling of tRFs and elucidation of specific functions of individual tRFs from various species. We also discuss potential considerations while designing experiments involving tRFs identification and characterization and list the available bioinformatics tools for this purpose.

Occupational Therapy for People Living With Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1: Importance and Effectiveness of an Intervention Plan at the Level of Prevention and Rehabilitation.

IntroductionHuman T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy (HAM) restricts activities of daily living (ADLs), affecting health and quality of life. Occupational therapy is used to promote independence during ADL in people living with HTLV (PLHTLV).ObjectiveTo quantify the clinical aspects, levels of functionality, performance in ADLs and occupational roles of PLHTLV and propose an occupational therapeutic intervention.MethodA cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study was designed with 40 PLHTLV monitored at two referral laboratories of the Federal University of Pará. The Evandro Chagas Research Institute Neurological Disability Scale (EIPEC-2), the Barthel Index and the Occupational Roles Identification List were applied. The G test and Fisher’s exact test (to identify associations between qualitative variables), the Mann–Whitney test (to identify associations between quantitative variables) and Pearson correlation analysis (to identify associations between the total Barthel Index and EIPEC-2 scores) were performed with Microsoft Excel and BioEstat 5.0, and the significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05.ResultsMotor aspects, the presence of spasticity, sensory aspects, and pain in the lumbar region and lower limbs were significantly (p = 0.0002) higher among symptomatic individuals, who also had more difficulties urinating, traveling up and down stairs and transferring from a chair to a bed. Being a worker, performing housework and socializing (with friends or family members) were the most affected activities among HAM patients.ConclusionThe impact of HAM on PLHTLV should include an intervention plan with occupational therapists in rehabilitation programs to create an important third-level prevention initiative, which may help achieve short-, medium-, and long-term goals. Asymptomatic PLHTLV should also be able to prevent future ADL impairment.

Study on drift identification of distributed beacon nodes in WSN

In order to solve the problems of large routing overhead, low identification accuracy and long identification time of traditional node drift identification methods, a drift identification method of distributed beacon nodes in WSN is proposed. In this paper, the multi-classification detection method is used to detect the distributed beacon nodes in WSN, and the behaviour analysis model of the nodes is constructed. According to the results of node behaviour analysis, the direct neighbour node and INFO are defined, and then a node identification list is constructed to identify the drift information of two hop info nodes, which is forwarded clearly. The distributed beacon node drift identification is realised by the node identification list. Experimental results show that the average routing overhead of this method is 31.8 metric, the recognition accuracy is always more than 90%, and the recognition time is always less than 1.2 s, the practical application effect is good.

Mechanisms of interaction between employers and vocational educational organizations in a situation of uncertainty

In a situation of uncertainty, there is a rapid change of priorities, which is reflected both in the requirements for the level of professional training of specialists and in the requests of employers for new specialties. However, the list of specialties and areas of training of workers for the regional economy in the regional system of secondary vocational education is formed on the basis of applications from employers for a five-year perspective, but in a situation of uncertainty, no one can guarantee that in five years graduates of a particular specialty or profession will be in demand in the labor market. To achieve a balance in this problem, it is necessary to develop and implement new mechanisms for interaction between professional educational organizations and employers. The aim of this study is to determine the list of popular vocational education specialties, the description and identification of effective mechanisms of interaction between professional educational organizations and employers that affect the improvement of the quality of specialists training and the indicators of their employment according to their specialty based on the analysis of the indicators of the admission campaign and graduates employment of vocational education system of the Republic of Buryatia.

Spatial Analysis of Charcoal and Wood: The Case Study of the Late Neolithic Site of Hekelingen III, the Netherlands (2900–2500 BCE)

ABSTRACT This paper concerns the spatial distribution of charcoal and uncarbonized wood at the Dutch Late Neolithic wetland site of Hekelingen III, dating to c. 2900–2500 BCE, where a rescue excavation in 1980 revealed occupation units that were intermittently in use during three phases. While earlier published archaeobotanical data from Hekelingen III included only a list of charcoal identifications, rediscovered documentation from the 1980s now allows contextualization of the charcoal data. In addition, the spatial distribution of both the charcoal and uncarbonized wood data is presented for the first time. With few exceptions, the charcoal and wood spatial data indicate continuity of wood use and site function through space and time.

Systematic Feature Filtering in Exploratory Metabolomics: Application toward Biomarker Discovery.

Exploratory mass spectrometry-based metabolomics generates a plethora of features in a single analysis. However, >85% of detected features are typically false positives due to inefficient elimination of chimeric signals and chemical noise not relevant for biological and clinical data interpretation. The data processing is considered a bottleneck to unravel the translational potential in metabolomics. Here, we describe a systematic workflow to refine exploratory metabolomics data and reduce reported false positives. We applied the feature filtering workflow in a case/control study exploring common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). In the first stage, features were detected from raw liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry data by XCMS Online processing, blank subtraction, and reproducibility assessment. Detected features were annotated in metabolomics databases to produce a list of tentative identifications. We scrutinized tentative identifications' physicochemical properties, comparing predicted and experimental reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) retention time. A prediction model used a linear regression of 42 retention indices with the cLogP ranging from -6 to 11. The LC retention time probes the physicochemical properties and effectively reduces the number of tentatively identified metabolites, which are further submitted to statistical analysis. We applied the retention time-based analytical feature filtering workflow to datasets from the Metabolomics Workbench (www.metabolomicsworkbench.org), demonstrating the broad applicability. A subset of tentatively identified metabolites significantly different in CVID patients was validated by MS/MS acquisition to confirm potential CVID biomarkers' structures and virtually eliminate false positives. Our exploratory metabolomics data processing workflow effectively removes false positives caused by the chemical background and chimeric signals inherent to the analytical technique. It reduced the number of tentatively identified metabolites by 88%, from initially detected 6940 features in XCMS to 839 tentative identifications and streamlined consequent statistical analysis and data interpretation.

“Subscribers, Underwriters, and Sterne”

ABSTRACT Approximately 2000 people subscribed to the works of Laurence Sterne. The vast majority has been identified (either definitely or possibly) with the appearance of The Miscellaneous Writings and Sterne’s Subscribers, an Identification List, ed. New and Gerard (2014), but new information is still being found. Here further information about two subscribers, John Readshaw and Joshua Readshaw, is presented, in large part based on the connection between Joshua Readshaw and another subscriber, J. J. Angerstein; both were early underwriters of Lloyds of London and instrumental in its founding. Furthermore, the idea that such insurance underwriters were frequently Sterne subscribers is discussed.

Identification of mutation resistance coldspots for targeting the SARS-CoV2 main protease.

Mutations in the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV2 are the major concern as they might lead to drug/vaccine resistance. In the host cell, the virus largely depends on the main protease (Mpro) to regulate infection hence it is one of the most attractive targets for inhibitor design. However, >19,000 mutations in the Mpro have already been reported. The mutations encompassing 282 amino acid positions and these “hotspots” might change the Mpro structure, activity and potentially delay therapeutic strategies targeting Mpro. Thus, here we identified 24 mutational “coldspots” where mutations have not been observed. We compared the structure–function relationship of these coldspots with several SARS‐CoV2 Mpro X‐ray crystal structures. We found that three coldspot residues (Leu141, Phe185, and Gln192) help to form the active site, while seven (Gly2, Arg4, Tyr126, Lys137, Leu141, Leu286, and Leu287) contribute to dimer formation that is required for Mpro activity. The surface of the dimer interface is more resistant to mutations compared to the active site. Interestingly, most of the coldspots are found in three clusters and forms conserved patterns when compared with other coronaviruses. Importantly, several conserved coldspots are available on the surface of the active site and at the dimer interface for targeting. The identification and short list of these coldspots offers a new perspective to target the SARS‐CoV2 Mpro while avoiding mutation‐based drug resistance.

Self-care related to the performance of occupational roles in patients under antineoplastic chemotherapy treatment.

Objective:to analyze and correlate occupational roles, symptoms and self-care capacity in oncologic patients seen at the chemotherapy service of a university hospital.Method:cross-sectional study, in which the instruments were applied sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, M.D Andersons Symptom Inventory - core, Appraisal of Self Care Agency Scale-Revised and Occupational Paper Identification List to oncologic patients seen in the chemotherapy service of a university hospital. Data analysis included absolute and relative frequency tables and multiple linear regression, adopting a significance level of =0.05.Results:the sample showed capacity for self-care operationalized with an average of X=57.8. In the correlation between the degree of importance of the occupational papers and the scores of the evaluation instrument for self-care was found statistical significance in the papers of volunteer (r=0.26; p=0.02) and friend (r=0.33; p= <0.001). The linear regression showed that the greater the interference of symptoms in life activities (=0.20; p=0.05) and greater the importance of the role of friend (p=0.001; p=0.43), the higher the rates of self-care.Conclusion:the operationalization of self-care can be directly related to the degree of importance attributed to the performance of social roles.

PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION USING SEQUENCE DATABASES

The bottom-up proteomics approach (also known as the shotgun approach), based on the digestion of proteins in peptides and their sequencing using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), has become widespread. The identification of peptides from the obtained MS/MS data is most often done using available sequence databases. In this paper, we present a detailed overview of the peptide identification workflow and description of the main protein bioinformatics databases. Choosing the correct search parameters and the sequence database is essential to the success of this method, and we pay special attention to the practical aspects of searching for efficient analysis of MS/MS spectra. We also consider possible reasons why database search tools cannot find the correct sequence for some MS/MS spectra, and highlight the issues of misidentification that can significantly reduce the value of published data. To help assess the assignment of peptides to MS/MS spectra, we will look at the scoring algorithms that are used in the most popular database search tools. We also analyze statistical methods and computational tools for validating peptide compliance with MS/MS data. The final part describes the process of determining the identity of protein samples from a list of peptide identifications and discusses the limitations of bottom-up proteomics

Research on Quality Risk Assessment of EPC Projects for Transmission and Distribution Engineering Based on Design Enterprises

Among EPC general contractors, design companies often dominate by virtue of their design advantages. However, due to the complex risks of power transmission and transformation projects throughout their life cycle, quality management is the weak point of the EPC general contractor with design as the leader, and the problems caused by quality risks are directly related to the contractor’s Economic interests and credibility. Therefore, this paper will analyze the potential quality risks in the whole process of the project, establish a risk identification list, and use the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the quality risk of the EPC project of the power transmission and transformation project led by the design enterprise based on the principle of maximum membership degree.

A taxonomic revision of Trigonostemon (Euphorbiaceae) outside Malesia

The Trigonostemon species outside Malesia are taxonomically revised based on herbarium collections and fresh material. The research history in the concerning regions, i.e., the Indian subcontinent (including S India, SriLanka, Bangladesh and Myanmar), China, Thailand, Indochina, NE Australia and New Caledonia, is briefly summarised. A total of 32 species are accepted (including one doubtful species) and 17 names are newly treated as synonyms. Trigonostemon montanus is newly described for India. Regional identification keys, nomenclature, descriptions, geographic distributions and taxonomic notes are provided. Together with our previous work, the genus is now fully revised. A total of 59 species are accepted. A full identification list of all Trigonostemon collections seen is presented.

Taxonomic notes on Trigonostemon (Euphorbiaceae) in the Philippines

Descriptions of five Trigonostemon species in the Philippines (four endemic) are updated with taxonomic notes based on herbarium collections and field observations. A new species of Trigonostemon is described. All species treated here are illustrated with photos. The formerly uncertain species, T. stenophyllus, is now synonymized with T. filiformis. In addition to T . pentandrus, three more Trigonostemon species are reported to cohabit with ants. A new identification key and an updated identification list of Trigonostemon species in the Philippines are provided.

VISIBILITY MONUMEN PERJUANGAN RAKYAT JAWA BARAT SEBAGAI LANDMARK KOTA BANDUNG

Abstrak - Monumen Perjuangan Rakyat Jawa Barat (MPRJB) adalah sebuah elemen kota yang dibangun untuk menjadi landmark kota. Elemen kota tersebut dibangun dengan tujuan memperingati perjuangan rakyat Jawa Barat melawan penjajah. Monumen ini merupakan salah satu Primary Element of Bandung dalam kawasan Gedung Sate – Lapangan Gasibu – MPRJB. Kawasan tersebut merupakan ruang kota yang sangat unik yang mampu mengarahkan orientasi menuju Gunung Tangkuban Parahu karena terbentuk axis imajiner yang ditarik dari Gedung Sate menuju MPRJB, sehingga Monumen Perjuangan Rakyat Jawa Barat tidak bisa lepas dari kawasan ini dan berpotensi dalam menandakan kawasan tersebut atau sering disebut sebagai landmark.Seiring berkembangnya kota, terjadi perubahan fisik pada kawasan Gedung Sate – MPRJB seperti; tumbuhnya intensitas bangunan menjadi tinggi serta muncul infrastruktur seperti jembatan dan pelebaran jalan yang menyebabkan pergerakan dalam kota menjadi cepat. Hal tersebut akan berpengaruh terhadap terhalangnya visual MPRJB akibat perkembangan fisik kota serta perubahan cara pengamat dalam mengamati kota dari diam menjadi bergerak. Isu tersebut menjadi menarik untuk diteliti seberapa jauh perkembangan fisik kota dan elemen di dalamnya dalam menghalangi visual MPRJB. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi seberapa besar visibility MPRJB sebagai landmark dan elemen kota apa saja yang mampu menghalangi atau mendukung visibility MPRJB.Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif terhadap visibility fisik massa MPRJB. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan keadaan eksisting MPRJB melalui rekaman gambar titik-titik sekuensial (serial vision) lalu disegmentasikan untuk mendapatkan perbandingan siluet MPRJB dengan objek sekitarnya dalam scene tersebut. Setelah itu diberi skor dari tiap masing-masing titik dan dibandingkan dengan teori visibility suatu objek dalam berperan menjadi landmark. Data kawasan MPRJB dikumpulkan dengan cara observasi lapangan dan studi pustaka. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa foto dokumentasi pada titik sekuensial, data objek pelingkup yang berada di kawasan MPRJB, dan data kegiatan pengamat yang berpotensi dapat melihat MPRJB yang digunakan untuk mencari tahu seberapa besar visibility MPRJB dan objek apa saja yang menghalangi atau mendukung visibility MPRJB.Hasilnya adalah tingkat visibility MPRJB di titik-titik sekuensial mayoritas di rendah dalam perannya sebagai landmark Kota Bandung karena banyaknya objek yang menghalangi visual dari MPRJB. Semakin tinggi visibility suatu objek maka semakin tinggi peran suatu objek menjadi landmark untuk diingat dan dijadikan orientasi oleh pengamat kota. Temuan lain berupa daftar identifikasi objek penghalang dan pendukung visibility MPRJB yang dapat digunakan dalam penelitian selanjutnya untuk meningkatkan visibility MPRJB.

Single tag scheme for segment routing in software-defined network

This paper proposes a scheme to reduce a size of a packet header for a segment routing (SR) scheme in a software-defined network (SDN). The SR scheme inserts a segment identification (SID) list into the packet header to indicate a path for the source–destination pair of the packet. The path can be split into different segments to suit the service requirement and the segments are carried by the SID-list whose length increases with the number of segments. This also increases the packet overhead, and an additional packet is needed if the packet length exceeds the maximum transmission unit (MTU). Moreover, it may not be possible to implement SR in SDN due to the limited number of stacked labels provided by the switch vendor. In the proposed scheme, the SID-list is replaced by a single tag to indicate a node edge, called a swapping node. The tag is replaced by a new tag at the swapping node. With this scheme, the size of SID-list is fixed and does not vary with the number of segments, and no additional packets are required. A mathematic model to balance the number of flow entries in each swapping node is introduced by minimizing the maximum number of flow entries in each swapping node over the network. We implement the proposed scheme on the transmission-Japan science information network (SINET5) and demonstrate confirms its functionality.

Unobserved heterogeneity in auctions under restricted stochastic dominance

We study the identification of first-price auctions with nonseparable unobserved heterogeneity. In particular, we extend Hu et al. (2013) by relaxing the first-order stochastic dominance condition. Instead, we assume restricted stochastic dominance relations among value quantile functions and show that the same relations pass to bid quantile functions. An ordered tree summarizes these relations and provides a total ordering. Relying on the proposed restricted stochastic dominance ordering, we extend a list of identification results in the empirical auction literature.