IDEF0 Models Research Articles

Digital transformation: Driving innovation and projects in companies

Digital transformation: Driving innovation and projects in companies

How Do Dental Clinicians Obtain Up-To-Date Patient Medical Histories? Modeling Strengths, Drawbacks, and Proposals for Improvements.

BackgroundAccess to up-to-date patient medical history is essential for dental clinicians (DCs) to avoid potential harm to patients and to improve dental treatment outcomes. The predominant approach for dental clinicians (DCs) to gather patients' medical history is through patient-reported medical histories and medical consults. However, studies reported varied concordance and reliability of patient-reported medical conditions and medication histories compared to the patient medical records and this process also places a significant burden on patients. Information technology tools/platforms such as an integrated electronic health record containing an electronic dental record module may address these issues. However, these integrated systems are expensive and technically complex and may not be easily adopted by DCs in solo and small group practice who provide the most dental care. The recent expansion of regional healthcare information exchange (HIE) provides another approach, but to date, studies on connecting DCs with HIE are very limited. Our study objectives were to model different aspects of the current approaches to identify the strengths and weaknesses, and then model the HIE approach that addresses the weaknesses and retain the strengths of current approaches. The models of current approaches identified the people, resources, organizational aspects, workflow, and areas for improvement; while models of the HIE approach identified system requirements, functions, and processes that may be shared with software developers and other stakeholders for future development.MethodsThere are three phases in this study. In Phase 1, we retrieved peer-reviewed PubMed indexed manuscripts published between January 2013 and November 2020 and extracted modeling related data from selected manuscripts. In Phase 2, we built models for the current approaches by using the Integrated DEFinition Method 0 function modeling method (IDEF0), the Unified Modeling Language (UML) Use Case Diagram, and Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) methods. In Phase 3, we created three conceptual models for the HIE approach.ResultsFrom the 47 manuscripts identified, three themes emerged: 1) medical consult process following patient-reported medical history, 2) integrated electronic dental record-electronic health record (EDR-EHR), and 3) HIE. Three models were built for each of the three themes. The use case diagrams described the actions of the dental patients, DCs, medical providers and the use of information systems (EDR-EHR/HIE). The IDEF0 models presented the major functions involved. The BPMN models depicted the detailed steps of the process and showed how the patient's medical history information flowed through different steps. The strengths and weaknesses revealed by the models of the three approaches were also compared.ConclusionsWe successfully modeled the DCs' current approaches of accessing patient medical history and designed an HIE approach that addressed the current approaches' weaknesses as well as leveraged their strengths. Organizational management and end-users can use this information to decide the optimum approach to integrate dental and medical care. The illustrated models are comprehensive and can also be adopted by EHR and EDR vendors to develop a connection between dental systems and HIEs.

Обеспечение производства безопасной цельносмолотой муки из пророщенного зерна пшеницы на основе принципов СМБПП

Современные производственные предприятия работают в условиях жесткой конкуренции. Для обеспечения стабильной работы и развития производства руководителям необходимо ставить задачи выпуска безопасной продукции при выполнении требований законодательства и поставки на рынок продукции, востребованной потребителем. Соблюдение требований ГОСТ Р ИСО 22000 Создание, внедрение, поддержка в рабочем состоянии системы менеджмента безопасности пищевых продуктов (СМБПП) особенно при производстве новых видов сырьевых ингредиентов и готовой продукции – это стратегическое решение, которое поможет предприятию вывести свою безопасную продукцию на продовольственный рынок и надежно закрепиться в качестве добросовестного производителя. В статье авторами предложено использование методологии моделирования IDEF0 для перевода стратегических планов на основе документов в формат моделей. Преимущества методологии IDEF0 заключается в хорошо протестированном языке и комплексной технике моделирования систем. Формируемые модели IDEF0 хорошо структурированы, просты для понимания, легко модифицируются и используются, при этом могут быть расширены до любой глубины детализации и позволяют комплексно структурировать весь процесс производства. Наличие модели IDEF0 облегчает изучение процесса производства, построение блок-схем, анализ рисков и разработку модели управления безопасностью производимых продуктов на основе принципов ХАССП. Авторами рассмотрен технологический процесс производства цельносмолотой муки из пророщенного зерна пшеницы с точки зрения безопасности получаемого сырьевого ингредиента. Разработана блок-схема процесса производства, на основе выявленных неприемлемых рисков были определены критические контрольные точки, каждая из которых задокументирована в виде плана ХАССП, что позволит производителю получать гарантированно безопасный сырьевой ингредиент и использовать его в производстве пищевых продуктов.
 Авторами рассмотрен технологический процесс производства цельносмолотой муки из пророщенного зерна пшеницы с точки зрения безопасности получаемого сырьевого ингредиента. Разработана блок-схема процесса производства, на основе выявленных неприемлемых рисков были определены критические контрольные точки, каждая из которых задокументированная в виде плана ХАССП, что позволит производителю получать гарантированно безопасный сырьевой ингредиент и использовать его в производстве пищевых продуктов.

Automation of strategy using IDEF0 — A proof of concept

The goal of this interdisciplinary paper is to show that an existing modeling language, Integration Definition for Function Modeling (IDEF0), is applicable for use in strategy modeling and for automation of strategic plan development and implementation. We will show how utilization of the systems modeling language IDEF0 simplifies strategic plan development, and moves strategic planning and management from a static, document-based approach to a model- and software-based approach. A sequence of examples, as a proof-of-concept, is shown to demonstrate the use of IDEF0 to translate document-based strategic plans to model-based plans. The advantages of IDEF0 include: a well-tested language, and comprehensive systems modeling technique. The resulting IDEF0 models are well-defined, well-structured, easy to understand, easy to modify and use, and can be extended to any depth of detail. It is noted, that while the paper focuses on small- and medium manufacturing enterprises (SME), the approach can be used for strategy development and strategy automation of any size company or organization.

A new approach to teaching descriptive geometry at higher school from the perspective of through preparation of a modern specialist

The adaptation to a new design and manufacture technologies of products is related with necessity for forming а new of thinking of professionals. A more research should be given to learning 3D modeling. A description of processes of educational activities is presented in the form of contextual diagrams IDEF0 models for preparing specialists at the Faculty of aircraft engines SSAU, its decomposition by type of training. The goals of the Engineering graphics department, in addition to knowledge of the creation 3D modeling, are learning the basics of document management and methods of standard models parameterization and their using. At the same time a number of problems is being solving: a gradual (from the beginning) familiarization with capabilities and a consequent acquisition of skills in an environment of modern integrated CAD / CAM / CAPP systems; an optimal solution of descriptive geometry, in particular, using and development of spatial imagination, the exact solution of the metric and positional problems; achievement the new level of geometrical-graphic preparation by using parametric models for performing 3D details, automated construction the drawings on a plane with GOST rules ESKD, which significantly reduces the routine work in creating technical documentation for the following departments. Realization of this approach in training specialists allows to use a 3D model constructions for engineering analysis of their functioning in the conditions of use, as well as to model a manufacturing process in the virtual space.

IDEF-Based Procedure Analysis and Restructuring Design of the Online Overseas Purchasing Agent Business

For the lack of specific constrains, the lack of multi-sectoral joint supervision and the lack of data acquisition for online overseas purchasing and irregular clearance procedures and the loss of national revenue during the process of online overseas purchasing, this paper analyzes and restructures the process of it based on iDEF0 and IDEF3 models. Advantages of the restructuring process are mentioned in this paper.

Coverage methods in IDEF-0 models verification

Today’s model driven development of complex software designs requires reliable verification methods. This paper presents metrics of simulation testing and they application in models verification context.

Improving the quality of business process models through separation of generation tasks in collaborative modelling

We describe an experiment in which we test how the quality of collaboratively built IDEF0 and UML models is influenced by the collaboration process. Two collaborative modelling approaches were compared: a ‘free-form’ approach and an approach that singles out the concept elicitation phase by means of a specific ‘generation’ pattern. An error classification framework was used to compare the quality of the resulting models. We found that the semantic quality of UML models can be significantly improved by an explicitly separated generation task.

4.6.2 “Are we there yet?” Assessing Quality in Model Based Systems Engineering

AbstractHow do I know that my model is of good quality?“ This question is frequently asked when developing models. This is true whether developing Yourdon, IDEF0, UML, SysML, UPDM, or Lego models. The purpose of the model is to fulfill a need or to answer questions. Consequently, before starting the modeling exercise, one has to determine the questions that need to be answered and assessment criteria. Possibilities include requirements traceability, performance modeling, simulation, behavioral modeling, human factors, etc. Other factors will also affect the scope of the model. Does the model need to capture the complete development lifecycle or product lifecycle? This paper will first examine the concept of quality in general and as applied to modeling. Next we will look at the different reasons for modeling, and some of the corresponding characteristics of quality that can be applied to ensure that the model is of ”good quality“.

Activity Modeling for Integrating Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Consideration as a New Element in Industrial Chemical Process Design

In this paper, we present activity models of chemical process design integrating environmental, health and safety (EHS) evaluation as a new element with conventional economic and technical considerations on the basis of the design framework, which defines different stages of early process design with appropriate indicators for multiobjective evaluation. The type-zero method of Integrated DEFinition language or IDEF0 is selected as an activity modeling method for the hierarchical and transparent description of complex design activities. The viewpoint of the activity model is the user of this design framework, i.e. a design-project manager who leads a group of process chemists and engineers. A set of template models is developed, which describes how a manager executes a project step by step with providing instructions and resources appropriately. According to this template, IDEF0 models of the design framework are created, and here EHS-related activities, tools and information are systematically defined as a part of the whole design activity. As further analysis, sub-activities are presented in detail, where the manager allocates resources appropriately to different design stages, including methods of environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and EHS hazard evaluation. Another detailed analysis is on how design constraints, e.g., market situation, competitors’ patents and company culture, affect different decision-making within the framework. The actual development of methyl methacrylate (MMA) processes is investigated as a case study. The paper finally presents important know-how for the design manager in executing the integrated design framework.

Verification of integrated IDEF models

Enterprise models play a crucial role in the analysis of enterprises and constitute a basis for improvement or re-engineering. A great variety of description techniques exists, among them IDEF0 for function modelling and IDEF1X for information modelling. Both methods are FIPS standards. The methods are independent of each other but, as they may be used for a description of the same system, the need for merging of IDEF0 and IDEF1X models into one integrated model is obvious. A verification of correctness of integrated models is of paramount importance. This may be done by use of the formal description technique Estelle (ISO standard), commonly applied for specifications of computer network protocols.

Automatic derivation of BPEL4WS from IDEF0 process models

Integration definition for function modelling (IDEF0) is one of the most popular notations for modelling business processes. It employs a rather simple and intuitive modelling construct, consisting of boxes representing functions and arrows connecting them signifying flow of information and materials. Web services on the other hand are an emerging technology for implementing distributed systems. Web service orchestration languages, such as Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL4WS), are the emerging approach for describing processes as networks of coordinated web services. Business processes as captured in IDEF0 models, however, may contain both web services as well as other types of activities which need to be coordinated. By automatically analysing the Extensible Markup Language (XML) definition of an IDEF0 model, we can identify how web services interact with other activities and at runtime generate code to support the orchestration of web services with the overall business process. The approach proposed is independent of the orchestration language and ensures an implementation independent model for specifying web service orchestrations. This approach also enables the top-down analysis of a business process to its constituent web services and avoids any misalignment problems during design time between the two.

Construction and performance analysis of a Petri net model based on a functional model in a CIM system

The so-called functional models, such as IDEF0, are useful tools for describing, designing and analysing the functional aspects of a complex manufacturing system, for example a CIM (computer integrated manufacturing) System. Though it involves considerable time and cost to build a sound functional model, the model usually cannot be used directly in further systems analysis procedures, such as quantitative performance analyses, due to its informal nature. To overcome this problem, we suggest a Petri net based procedure. First, we build a Petri net model from the IDEF0 and IDEF3 models, both of which are functional modelling tools widely used in real applications. Then, employing steady-state analysis for the Petri net, we propose a method to obtain performance measures such as the production rate. Since the analytical ability of a Petri net diminishes with increasing manufacturing system size, we develop a technique to aggregate and consolidate the Petri net to alleviate this problem that is associated with increasing complexity. An example problem is included to show the viability of our method for constructing a Petri net from a functional model and to evaluate the performance of the Petri net in an analytic manner.

Enactment of IDEF0 models

This paper presents an integrated approach to the enactment of IDEF0 models to facilitate the development and maintenance of responsive and coherent manufacturing systems. The approach basically involves the enhancement of an IDEF0 model to include additional information about system behaviour and IT infrastructural aspects; and the use of a computer simulator to read and interpret the enhanced IDEF0 model, simulate the model, and control the actual activities. The approach allows a seamless transition from system modelling, through simulation, to maintenance. It is expected that such an approach will greatly expedite the development and maintenance of manufacturing systems. A prototype software tool has been developed at the Gintic Institute of Manufacturing Technology to support the integrated approach.

GENERATING PROJECT ESTIMATES AND MONTHLY INTERIM VALUATION CERTIFICATES WITHIN AN INTEGRATED CONSTRUCTION ENVIRONMENT

The AIC (Automation and Integration in Construction) Research Group at the University of Salford has developed a PC based integrated environment prototype -SPACE (Simultaneous Prototyping for An integrated Construction Environment). SPACE aims to incorporate various construction applications enabling project information to be shared between these applications and the user to run them simultaneously, i.e., concurrent engineering. The purpose of this paper is to present the EVALUATOR (Project Estimate and Intereim VALUation (Monthly) GenerATiOn in an IntegRated Environment) application of SPACE. EVALUATOR's main objectives are two fold; (i) to produce the project estimate in the form of an elemental Bill of Quantities (BQ), and (ii) to generate monthly interim valuation certificates from the construction plan. Previous work has adopted various structured analysis techniques to model this application as an integral part of the other applications in SPACE. The implementation of the resulting Express-G (static data) and IDEF0 (process) models into SPACE, leading to the development of EVALUATOR's estimating and monthly interim valuation modules are described.

A knowledge-based approach to the generation of IDEF0 models

Though a powerful tool for modelling manufacturing systems, IDEF0 is not without weaknesses. It is generally recognised that the process of IDEF0 modelling can be time-consuming and inconsistent. However, the process may be automated to improve time-effectiveness and consistency. This paper proposes a knowledgebased system for automating the process. The system, which is meant for the discrete manufacturing industry, is based on the concept of reference models. It is intended for the modellers of manufacturing systems, as an aid rather than as their replacement. A prototype of the proposed system has been developed. The paper explains the knowledge-based approach to the generation of IDEF0 models and describes the work that has been done at Gintic on the development of the prototype system.

Development of a knowledge-based manufacturing modelling system based on IDEF0 for the metal-cutting industry

This paper looks into a new area for knowledge-based system application, that of manufacturing modelling. The objective is to develop a knowledge-based manufacturing modelling system that can be used to build company-specific “as-is” and “to-be” IDEF0 models, and can therefore greatly reduce the turnaround time and effort involved in IDEF0 modelling of manufacturing systems, which can be time-consuming if done manually or even with the aid of a commercially available software package like DESIGN/IDEF™. This is especially so when the systems being modelled are large and complex. Besides, there is also the inconsistency problem associated with conventional IDEF0 modelling systems owing to the terms and terminologies in IDEF0 not being precisely defined, and hence being subject to individual interpretations. In this paper, a knowledge-based IDEF0 modelling system that can not only automate the tiresome and time-consuming process of manufacturing modelling but can also eliminate the inconsistency problem is proposed. The paper explains the knowledge-based approach to automated generation of IDEF0 models, and also identifies the kinds of domain knowledge that are required for the construction of the knowledge-based manufacturing modelling system.

Knowledge-based approach to the generation of IDEF0 models

It is now generally recognized that the process of IDEF0 modelling can be time-consuming and inconsistent. However, the process may be automated to improve time-effectiveness and consistency. This paper proposes a knowledge-based system for automating the process. The system, which is meant for the discrete manufacturing industry, is based on the concept of reference models. A prototype of the proposed system has been developed. The paper explains the system and the kinds of knowledge that are required for its construction. Finally, it describes the work that has been done at the Gintic Institute of Manufacturing Technology on the development of such a system.

Automatic generation of IDEF0 models

This paper looks into a new area for knowledge-based system application, that of manufacturing modelling. Manual generation of IDEF0 models of manufacturing systems is time-consuming and inconsistent. However, the process can be automated to improve timeliness and consistency. In this paper, a knowledge-based manufacturing modelling system for the automatic generation of IDEF0 models is proposed. The system will not only greatly reduce the IDEF0 modelling time but will also eliminate the inconsistency problem of conventional IDEF0 modelling systems. The paper explains the knowledge-based approach and identifies the kinds of domain knowledge that are required for the construction of the knowledge-based manufacturing modelling system.