Anthropological Ideas Research Articles

The Three Postulate Idea: Between Limits and Metaphysical Beliefs in Immanuel Kant's System of Philosophy

In the history of Western philosophy, debates about truth and error have continued to develop, reflecting diverse views that have emerged over time. The question of human nature became the center of intellectual attention, expanding philosophical study from speculation to fundamental thinking. Amid this context, Immanuel Kant emerged as a key figure who brought a new approach to philosophical inquiry. Although he spent his life in Koningsberg, his ideas in epistemology, anthropology, ethics, and education gained global recognition and made him one of the most influential philosophers of the modern era. However, his views have also drawn criticism, especially for the inconsistencies that are perceived to support dogmatism, although he originally intended to criticize it. This research analyzes Kant's thought, especially about the limits of human knowledge, metaphysics, and criticism of dogmatism. The method used is qualitative text analysis, which examines Kant's main work, "Critique of Pure Reason," as well as the views of other philosophers. Primary and secondary literature is reviewed to identify inconsistencies in Kant's arguments. The results show that although Kant's philosophical system has made an outstanding contribution, there are significant areas for improvement in the handling of metaphysical concepts and the limits of knowledge, which ultimately has the potential to fall into dogmatism. This study concludes that Kant's thought remains relevant and essential, but it needs to be reread critically to fully understand its impact on modern philosophy.

한·중 <새털옷신랑> 설화 비교

This study compares the Korean and Chinese The Man in Feather Clothes to analyze the growth of man, the help of woman, the meaning of the ability required of man, woman’s assistance, and the establishment of an ideal male-female community. First, I focus on the 19th and 39th episodes of The Man in Feather Clothes in Korea and China respectively. The commonalities and differences were examined under three motifs: A. “The male marries a pretty female,” B. “The female is stolen by a powerful person,” and C. “The male recovers the female using the bird feather clothes.” Subsequently, I discuss male growth and female assistance. Korean folktales emphasize the activeness of the female protagonists, and pay attention to the act of male protagonists violating a taboo. On the other hand, Chinese folktales tend to ignore the act of vilating a taboo and emphasize the activeness of the male protagonist. In both folktales, the male and female protagonists make contact with the “power of nature” through bird feather clothes, and in Korean folktales, an ideal male protagonist image according to Confucian ideology is presented, whereas in Chinese folktales, a shamanic character is emphasized. They all subverted power and violence by borrowing the “power of nature” and beinging it into human society. In addition, it is noted that women’s assistance in the folktales of the two countries have an effect of subverting power beyond simple roles in the home, and women’s right to speak has the meaning of social participation and challenge to power. Furthermore, it also shows the ideal form of the male and female community. In the tales of The Man in Feather Clothes of the two countries, it is emphasized that women’s voices go beyond simple domestic roles to influence the overthrow of power, and women’s right to speak has the meaning of social participation and a challenge to power. Furthermore, it shows the ideal image of a male-female community and the anthropological idea of symmetry.

Нужен ли философской антропологии «социогенетический поворот»?

Philosophical anthropology, which arose each time in a specific historical reality, sought to create a universal image of man, calling this process the revelation of his essence. This problem was solved by Russian philosophy, which developed the Orthodox Christian tradition within certain historical boundaries. Modern philosophy, solving this problem, cannot ignore the basic philosophical and anthropological ideas of different civilizations, primarily Eastern, Western and Russian philosophy. The space for their comparison and synthesis can be the semantic conceptual field of sociogenesis, which opens up a universal approach to the formation of a human being as a global cultural and biological species. The sociogenetic approach reveals the opportunity to compare two main essential models of man, which are represented by the version of the self-sufficient individual, which developed in the European Enlightenment, and the version of the conciliar (communal) man, the discussion of which began in Russian philosophy of the 19th century. In the context of sociogenesis, the basis for distinguishing anthropological versions is the opposition of individualistic and communal (conciliar) principles of behavior. A specifi c synthesis of these principles in one or another cultural-historical model appears as a solution to the contradiction between the individual and species model of behavior within the cultural-biological species “human being”. In the natural world, the coordination of individual and species behavior is resolved through the genetic inheritance of species behavior, eliminating the conflict between species and individual. The sociogenetic evolution of a human being has posed the task of searching for species-specifi c universal principles of behavior, which has complicated the solution of the problem of harmonizing species and individual behavior. The complexity of the situation is that human behavior is directed by cultural programs in the context of a sociogenetic search for a species program capable of ensuring the global consolidation of the human species. In this context, philosophical anthropology requires a sociogenetic support, and the appeal to it can be called the “sociogenetic turn” in philosophical anthropology.

Intersensorial Race Science and Exploration in the Age of Jackson

This essay examines the United States Exploring Expedition of 1838–1842 through the methodological lenses of sensory history and phenomenology. This expedition included naval personnel as well as a scientific corps and represents the overlapping interests of the United States Armed Forces and academic organizations like the Smithsonian Institution in the Age of Jackson. Applying a phenomenological approach to the Ex. Ex. clarifies the role of the senses in making race in the period spanning Indian removal and Manifest Destiny. Using a corpus of published accounts, diaries, letters, artworks, and artifacts, I contend that the Ex. Ex. used olfactory disgust, sonic boundaries, and attitudes surrounding touch and gustation to categorize Pacific Islanders as racialized others through the sensorium. Such racial scientific work laid the foundations for later racial scientific ideas in psychophysics and anthropology in the twentieth century.

Письмо из темноты: Рец. на кн.: Сергей Кан. Лев Штернберг: этнолог, народник, борец за права евреев / Пер. с англ. А. Глебовской. СПб.; Бостон: Библиороссика; Academic Studies Press, 2023. 694 с. (Современная иудаика)

The present review of the Russian translation of Sergei Kan’s book Lev Shternberg: Anthropologist, Russian Socialist, Jewish Activist constitutes a literary experiment. It endeavors to engage in a dialogue, presented in the form of a letter, with the central figure of the book, Lev Shternberg, the co-founder of Soviet and Russian anthropology, regarding the significant transformations it has undergone throughout the 20th century and the first two decades of the 21st. The author pays close attention to the social and political contexts of these changes and how they affected the interpretations of Shternberg’s persona and ideas in Soviet times and today. This experiment extends the author’s reflections on the necessity of revisiting the history of anthropology and reintegrating it into the field itself. As American anthropologist Alfred Irving Hallowell suggested in the 1960s, we should conceptualize “the history of anthropology as an anthropological problem.” By this, the author intends to reconstruct a dialogue between the history of anthropology and the communities with whom anthropologists have engaged, as well as to foster connections between the history of anthropological ideas and ongoing discussions both within and beyond the discipline. These changes, as the author argues, have the potential to significantly expand the styles of anthropological writing and reveal new genealogies of anthropological knowledge.

Anthropological Developmentalism: Furer-Haimendorf and the Making of Social Policy in Hyderabad State 1

Christoph von Furer-Haimendorf has left a formidable legacy on the social policy of Hyderabad state, which was ruled by an Indian ruler during British colonial rule. As a field anthropologist, administrator and professor at Osmania University, Haimendorf played an important role in designing Adivasi development policies that were mainly rooted in a paternalistic and evolutionistic approach—what I call anthropological developmentalism—which was designed to overturn the political aspirations of the Adivasi communities. This approach neither empowered the Adivasis nor protected them from outsiders. Yet, Haimendorf and his legacy have been celebrated by the Adivasis in particular, and the state in general. This article explores this paradox by examining the intellectual and contextual role of Haimendorf’s anthropological ideas and their application to Hyderabad state.

CORRESPONDENCE OF THE CONCEPT OF «ISNAN KAMIL» IN ISLAM WITH THE CONCEPT OF «MIND» IN ABAI

The purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between the concept of «insan kamil» (a perfect man) and the concept of «mind» in the Words of Edification of Abai Kunanbaev. Particular atten-tion is paid to the religious and philosophical aspects of «insan kamil» in Islam, and the views of thinkers who analyzed it. Various versions of «insan kamil» are listed and the features of its appearance are con-sidered, including the essence of the ontological and anthropological concepts of Ibn Arabi, Al-Ghazali, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi, in particular, their teachings on the role of man, being and mind.The study showed the compatibility of categories based on symbolism in the Words of Edification of Abai, including the concepts of «mind» and «a wise person», with the characteristics and interpretations of a perfect person. In the course of this study, information was collected regarding the theoretical basis of this topic, and it made it possible, through comparative historical, diachronic and synchronic data analysis, to determine the general views of thinkers around the concept of «mind.»In the course of the study, religious and anthropological ideas and concepts in words of edification, the scientific and philosophical function of the mind, various ethical issues that reveal the existence of a perfect person are considered, the problem of the relationship between action and intention, and the significance of spiritual existence are determined. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the results of the study can be used to identify the issue of the relationship between the concept of «insan kamil» among Islamic thinkers and the concept of «mind» by Abai in the subject areas of the his-tory of philosophy and religious studies.

Philosophical and Anthropological Understanding of the Nature of Collective Violence

Purpose. The purpose of this research is to analyse and systematize modern philosophical and anthropological ideas about the nature, essence, causes and sources of collective violence. Theoretical basis. Given the complexity and multifaceted nature of the phenomenon of violence, the authors used a range of philosophical and general scientific research methods. In particular, the comparative method helped to identify the main advantages and disadvantages of using philosophical and anthropological approaches to studying the nature and patterns of violence in the social environment. The use of the systemic and structural-functional methods contributed to a better understanding of the structure, features, mechanisms and criteria for ethical justification of the permissibility of collective violence. The psychological approach made it possible to analyse the role of social dissatisfaction, disappointment, relative deprivation and frustration in the process of radicalization of individuals and their readiness to use violence. Originality. The originality of this research lies in the application of modern analytical approaches to the study and philosophical understanding of the phenomenon of violence. It has been proven that at the current stage of social development, the following non-traditional forms of violence are becoming widespread: structural, symbolic, cultural, and psychological. It has been established that the main sources of collective violence are value, cultural, ideological and structural contradictions, as well as socio-psychological dissatisfaction, economic inequality and discrimination. Conclusions. Throughout history, violence has been an integral part of spiritual, social, value and economic transformations. The study of such a complex phenomenon requires the creation of an effective interdisciplinary theory that would take into account various anthropological, social, philosophical, psychological, physiological and biological dimensions and forms of its use. That is why there is a need to further improve scientific theories and approaches to studying the nature, forms and sources of violence. Taking advantage of a comprehensive approach, we have been able to establish that violence is a form of social influence that involves the use of physical force against individuals, social groups or institutions to cause physical, mental or moral harm and to subordinate their behaviour and will.

The Corporeity Discourse and the Body “Arguments” in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Works

The subject of this research is the discourse on the body and corporeity in Dostoevsky’s works on the example of four out of his “five greatest novels”. The questions of the body and corporeity are often eliminated in philosophical studies of Dostoevsky’s works which allows researchers to conceptualize the content of his novels more easily. This tradition and its inconsistency can be revealed through a brief historiographical review. The author of the article, on the contrary, regards the corporeity as an important part of Dostoevsky’s philosophical and anthropological ideas. Thus, two main aspects of the discourse on the body and corporeity found in various proportions in the writer’s works: 1) corresponds with materialistic philosophical anthropology, and 2) matches the Christian patristic anthropological tradition. In addition, the article describes Dostoevsky’s non-formalizability of corporeity which stands above the materialistic interpretations of the man and the standardized, not problematized body. This is achieved through cultural and historical, biographical and ideological contexts of Dostoevsky’s writings. The hermeneutic analysis of the four novels texts provides an opportunity to briefly outline the concept of the body and corporeity understanding. Thus, the author identifies three modes of corporeity underlying the body problematization in Dostoevsky’s novels: the scientistic mode, the otherness mode, and the religious mode (based on the anthropological tradition of Eastern Patristics). Unlike the materialistic concepts of a onefold approach to the man, Dostoevsky offers twofold (or even threefold) concept dissecting corporeity through its most non-formalized manifestations. The body for Dostoevsky is both universal and unique. On the one hand, it complicates the corporeity conceptualization, but on the other hand, it enhances its importance in the writer’s works. The results of the research can be used to elaborate new non-reductionist interpretations of Dostoevsky’s literary legacy.

Антиантропологизм в современной западной философии

This research is relevant since it allows us to understand more deeply the specifics of contemporary European discourse about the human being, which is characterized by denaturalization and rejection of wholeness of a human subject, criticism of anthropocentrism and the tendency towards an ontological equation of the human being and material objects. The origins and causes of anti- anthropologism are associated with the crisis of European humanism and attempts to overcome this crisis through a different idea of a human being. Based on the analysis of the philosophical views of M. Heidegger, A. Kojeve, G. Bataille, L. Althusser, M. Foucault and some other thinkers, the author shows the main stages of the development of anti-anthropologism in European philosophy: anti-fundamentalism, anti-humanism, structuralist and theoretical anti-humanism, and ontological anthropology. One of the objectives of this paper is to perform a retrospective analysis of the discourse about the human being in the 20th and 21st centuries. The article considers anti-fundamentalism in the philosophy of M. Heidegger, who dissolves anthropology in ontology. The author demonstrates that in the structural anthropology of C. Lévi-Strauss the problem of unconscious processes paves the way for anti-anthropology. Attention is paid to the influence on philosophical anthropology of the philosophy of M. Foucault, whose interests lie not in the human subject, but in discourse structures. He replaces anthropology with epistemology. The article reveals the essence of the ontological turn in anthropology and discusses the key ideas of ontological anthropology and the concept of multinaturalism. It is emphasized that ontological anthropology not only raises ethical issues, but also aims to reformat our traditional understanding of the world and society. The author stresses the inadequacy of the anti-anthropological trends aimed at discovering a place of harmonious coexistence beyond humanity and postulating the idea of abandoning the traditional understanding of a human being. With the prospects of such a fundamental change, the question inevitably arises of a new axiological model of value orientations, which cannot be resolved without turning to the discourse about the human being.

АНТРОПОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИДЕИ В ФИЛОСОФСКОЙ ТРАДИЦИИ ДРЕВНЕГО КИТАЯ

The article analyzes the problem of human nature in the philosophical tradition of Ancient China, starting from the mythological worldview to the prominent representatives of Confucianism - Mencius and Xunzi. It is noted that in ancient Chinese philosophical traditions, man is part of the cosmos, as well as in many ancient Greek teachings. The author makes a comparative analysis of anthropological ideas in ancient Chinese philosophy and in the philosophy of Plato, Aristotle, and European philosophers of the 17th – 18th centuries. Considering human nature in the worldview of Mencius and Xunzi, he shows the distinctive features in their worldview. It is noted that Mencius, when revealing the character of human nature, tended to start with goodness, while Xunzi believed that man is evil by nature. In conclusion, it is concluded that in ancient Chinese philosophy, ultimately, human nature and his destiny depend on Heaven

The mystery of man in the teachings of Blaise Pascal: between mysticism and rationality

The article explores an anthropological essence of Blaise Pascal's philosophical views along with their analysis in the context of his personal being and also of common directions in the Modern Age intellectual and philosophical movement. An unbreakable connection between Pascal's ideas and setting cartesian scientific and philosophical world-outlook is shown here, as well as some cardinal differencies of his thoughts on nature, significance and perspectives for human being from pure rationalistic treatings of these problems. The main anthropological work of Pascal ("Pensees") is charaterised under the angle of its structure and method. The comparison of reception and evaluation of Pascal' and Socrates' personalities and ideas by the modern European philosophers (W. Windelband, E. Kassirer) and Russian religious thinkers (B.P. Vysheslavtzev, S.S. Glagolev) provided here. It is shown that in his reasonings on human being, wich are traditionally considered as religous and mystical, Pascal keeps some faithfullness towards "geometric spirit" of cartesian philosophy. It is manifestated by using of mathematical terminologies and also by constructing of phenomenological topica of human existing. The last one must be charaterised as vector determinanta or as intentional existence. The principal attention is given to concepts of love and heart with stressing that Pascal realised his specific method of exploring the human being problems through these intuitive and existential symbols in "world - self - being" triada. In conclusion it is determined that Pascal's anthropological ideas as presented in "Pensees" are to be considered as some christian apologetic experience (according to author's personal intentions) and also as one of the foundings of contemporary philosophical anthropology (due to their principially critical primal points).

Феномен наркозависимости в интерпретации Русской Православной Церкви

Drug addiction is a complex spiritual, political, medical, social and legal problem. Trying to solve it, the state is developed an anti-drug policy that includes a possibility for religious organizations to participate in the prevention of non-medical drug use and the rehabilitation of drug addicts. In 2012 the Church approved a document “On the participation of the Russian Orthodox Church in the rehabilitation of drug addicts” and actively developing social work. The Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On the Approval of the Strategy of the State Anti-Drug Policy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2030" calls on religious organizations to develop a position that will enrich the anti-drug ideology according to "traditional values" . This calls the Church the task of developing a theological argument about the dangers of drug use. In this regard, it seems relevant to analyze the theoretical and practical developments of the ROC in this area. The author of the article asks the questions: What are the legal and theological grounds for the ROC's approach to the problem of drug addiction? What anthropological ideas are used to describe the phenomenon of drug addiction? The first part of the article presents a systematization of theoretical ideas related to the topic of drug addiction, reflected in the church regulations of the ROC. The second part presents an analysis of the opinions of clergy and lay practitioners. The author comes to the conclusion that by developing its own approach, the Church remains in the field of the political, medical, legal aspects of the problem, which leads to the ideologization of the language in which the Church speaks about the problem.

THE IDEA OF THE WORLD AS TOLERATING UNCERTAINTY

In the modern world of total technologization, scientific knowledge devoid of worldview correction (humanitarian expertise) carries a threatening tendency of self-denial: without a constant, philosophically correct transformation of objective knowledge about certain fragments (branches) of the surrounding reality into human knowledge (questions) about itself, the practical effectiveness of such knowledge inevitably accumulates in itself the threat of practical helplessness. Aim and the tasks of the research. Based on an in-depth analysis of the category of existence, as well as on modern philosophical reflections on the methodological and cognitive insolvency of the idea of the world, to find out the real meaning of those changes that this idea meaningfully undergoes in the conditions of the modern total technologization of human life. The research methodology. From a methodological point of view, the author prefers a dialectical approach, considering the analyzed phenomena, regardless of the mode of their reality, in their development and internally contradictory essence. H. Plesner’s theory of eccentric positionality serves as a certain base point for the analysis of human nature and, accordingly, the world of human existence. Research results: The problematic existence of the world and the epistemological «failure» of the corresponding category, declared in some modern philosophical reflections, are connected exclusively with its anthropological and worldview function, which is based on the fundamental uncertainty of a man’s place in the world. The «worthlessness» («futility») of worldview thematization is derived from the allencompassing inability of the human figure in the world, from that «emptiness» and «invisibility» (specific own transparency) of the spiritual dimension of human existence, on which, however, this existence is based. Discussion. The human «option» of fulfilling the unity of living being can be characterized as extremely intense. In this variant, the phylogenetic line of development turns into an ontogenetic point of worldliness devoid of predetermined content, a fundamentally new type of integration. The horizons of such integration far exceed primarily because of its understanding. And the subject of such a meaningful life is forced to integrate everything that happens to him every time into a certain system (synthesis) of the world. That subjectivity the world has distinguishes the subject from the thing. Subjectivity and the world mutually belong to each other - they are correlative. A thing exists because it is what it is. The subject (and with it his world) does not exist like that. A subject is how and to what it relates. But the relation «how» and «to what» is not carried out completely anew and isolated every time, but exists in its multiplicity in a certain relationship. Each individual case, each individual action (method of action) acquires its meaning from a wider, structured context – in whole or in part. This context is the «world», the «life world» of the real subject, or the «world» as an anthropological idea. Conclusions. The task of modern humanitarianism is not only to find opportunities for rational use of the fact of the fundamental openness of the human being, but also to cultivate the ability to reconcile a man with himself, to accept himself. This gives us certain reasons to hope for the enduring significance of worldview thematization. Criticism regarding the seemingly paradoxical conclusion that to become a man, one must already be one, could be considered fair, but only if one does not take into account the principled nature of such an aphoristic position, because this is exactly how the human world exists - as the art of tolerance uncertainty.

ANTHROPOLOGICAL IDEAS OF MYKOLA SHLEMKEVICH AS THE FUNDAMENTAL SUBSTITUTE FOR THE FORMATION OF THE NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS OF UKRAINIANS

The events of the last decade (the Orange Revolution, the Revolution of Dignity, the Russian-Ukrainian war) actualized the problem of the formation of the national self-awareness of Ukrainians. This process has accelerated significantly and acquired more expressive outlines. Therefore, in response to modern challenges, pedagogues intensified the research of the specified problem, based not only on the latest achievements of the human sciences, but also referring to historical experience. Based on the analysis of the Mykola Shlemkevych’ works (Shlemkevych, 1956; Shlemkevych, 1958; Shlemkevych, 1961; Shlemkevych, 1962; Shlemkevych, 1992a; Shlemkevych, 1992b), the article deals with his anthropological ideas, substantiates the fundamental basis of the formation of the national consciousness of Ukrainians, defines ideas related to the idea of a person as a bearer of good and evil. In the formation of national consciousness, anthropological ideas are taken into account, that form the basis of this formation. It is about the humanistic principles of the formation of the national consciousness of Ukrainians, which determine the reliance on spiritual and moral values. Mykola Shlemkevych paid great attention to anthropological ideas related to the national consciousness of Ukrainians. Emphasis on the ideals of good in the mind of a person does not mean the absence of evil intentions. However, he always insisted on the need to forgive people for their sins, which accompany the defense of their national interests and the protection of national rights. Today, it seems extremely important to read the anthropological views of the teacher from the standpoint of today, which has become the goal of scientific research. As a result of the conducted research, we have come to the conclusion about the need for methodological substantiation and rethinking of the anthropological ideas of scientists P. Yurkevych (1999), K. Ushynskyi (1954), O. Vyshnevskyi (1996), etc., the need to build an educational paradigm based on anthropocentrism, democracy, humanism, determinism, it is defined the fundamental foundation of Ukrainian pedagogy as the reliance on theoretical and applied concepts of world and Ukrainian pedagogical thought.

Philosophical Aspects of the Problem of "Artificial Man" in Fiction

The problem of the creation of artificial man and the creation of artificial intelligence are issues that have now become not just potential, but also actual scientific tasks. The original genetic kinship of philosophy and literature as forms of human culture and meaning formation made it possible to comprehend the most important problems in works rich in ideological content and beautiful in form. The subject of the research is the philosophical aspects of the problem of the creation of artificial man in the classic works of fantasy literature of the XIX-XX centuries. This goal is achieved by consistent consideration and comparison of philosophical and anthropological ideas that can be isolated from the works of Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Mary Shelley, Herbert George Wells and M.A. Bulgakov. Hermeneutical method as interpretation and reconstruction of meanings, comparative historical analysis, philosophical comparative studies are used as the methodological basis of this historical and philosophical research. The novelty of the research lies in the historical and philosophical reconstruction of the problem of creating an artificial person, posed for the first time on the pages of the world art classics. The very idea of creating an artificial man was a continuation of the God-fighting aspirations of the Renaissance and the embodiment of the ardent desire to become not only on a par with the Creator, but also to surpass Him. When creating the image of the homunculus, Goethe also had in mind the contrivance, artificiality and fruitlessness of many enlightenment ideas, because the enlighteners questioned the very existence of God, putting a scientist-creator in His place. Goethe's idea of the futility and danger of experimenting with human nature was later developed by Mary Shelley, H. G. Wells and Mikhail Bulgakov. Wagner's homunculus and the creation of Dr. Frankenstein are the closest to the idea of man that prevailed in the philosophy of Modern times and educational pedagogy. Powerful notes of philosophical foresight of many plot moves of the coming history of mankind sound in the novel by Wells (the creation of Dr. Moreau) and the story of Bulgakov (Sharikov).

THE QUESTION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAITH AND SCIENCE IN THE BOOK OF NEMESIUS OF EMESA «ON THE NATURE OF MAN»

The fourth-century Greek philosopher Nemesios Emesatsi's work "On the Nature of Man" was translated into Armenian by Stepanos Syunetsi with the support of Davit Hyupatos in the last period of the Greek school, in the eighth century. It was an important repository of knowledge for Armenian natural science and natural philosophy bibliography. The Armenian text of this book was copied throughout the Middle Ages. The Armenian translated text of the book has been preserved in numerous copies (about 65 manuscripts). As proof of the continuously growing interest in Nemesius's book, many solutions, reasons, interpretations have been preserved, which added to the Armenian natural philosophy literature during the flowering of Greek influence, preparing the basis for the formation of these directions in the Armenian national science. It is not surprising that quotations from the book of Nemesius are quite a frequent phenomenon in the works of various Armenian authors of the Middle Ages. The large number of copied manuscripts and the citation of individual sections and even complete chapters from this book in the works of many Armenian authors indicate that the book was a kind of anthropology textbook in medieval Armenia. This encyclopedic work is important for Christian philosophy in general. Ancient and Christian natural philosophical and anthropological ideas about the creation of man, his nature, his place and role in nature, his mental and physical properties are presented here. Seeking to reconcile ancient rationalist approaches with biblical ideas, Nemesius's goal is not only to set forth his own views, but to collect and transfer existing theories to medieval Christian culture. In this way, he presents ancient natural philosophy in the light of Christian ideology. The article presents the question of the relationship between natural philosophical and theological ideas in the book «On the Nature of man».

MAN IS A SOCIAL PHENOMENON

The essence of a person is determined on the basis of the unity of social and biological. The relationship between man and society has become one of the main problems of science and philosophy. This form of relationship has changed both with the evolution of the natural environment and with the development of man and society. Modern globalization and intensive scientific and technological progress give a new character to the relations between man and society. At all times there has been a society that fully introduced a person into life, filling his behavior with social content. A number of qualities inherent in a person are the result of a person's assimilation of cultural values in the society in which he lives. Philosophical understanding of the relationship between society and man, its discovery in a new way has become an urgent problem for the progressive development of society, the future of mankind. The article reveals the social essence of a person, analyzing socio-ethical, anthropological ideas about the relationship between a person and society. Socialization and its mechanisms and approaches are specified. The role of society and social relations in the formation of an individual personality strategy is studied.

Language of Existential Experience of a Person in the Digital Age

The article presents the problem of the existential feasible in the digital. The relevance of the problem is gaining weight in the so-called digital age, when the objectives in the human world are represented by technology and the technological. The following questions from the 20th century are becoming relevant again: the relationship between a person and technology; the future of a person and technology; the human / existential in the context of multiplying technology. In the 21st century, the digital can be seen as a cluster of external objectivity in the everyday life. The article raises questions about how the talk about the existential dimension in the digital age is possible; whether there are grounds of speaking about the dynamics of human existential conditions in the process of intensification of everything that is called digital today; and if yes, then in what format and with what language. Given these questions, we understand the digital as a special topos of human existence, a space of manifestation, “highlighting” the existential, which can be comprehended and conceptualized. In the digital age the human being remains, same as his/her existentials. In the markup of the digital, both the individual and the existentials are subject to serious transformation. This is illustrated by digital subjects, digital twins, digital traces/prints, which have an effect on the individual and his/her existential filling. From this we deduce the idea of digital anthropology as a new research field.

Антропологические и аксиологические эффекты распространения экранных технологий в культуре

The main purpose of the research is the analysis of personality and its value attitudes in modern screen culture, the description of the process and conditions of the formation of the anthropological type of “screen man” personality is considered from the standpoint of the existential approach in philosophy, as well as from the standpoint of humanistic psychology. In the study of personality, the author refers to the concept of A. Maslow, which allows us to understand the deep basic needs of the existence of personality in modern screen culture. A hermeneutical analysis of philosophical and anthropological views of A. Maslow and V. Frankl on the phenomenon of personality is undertaken. The author gives a critical assessment of the understanding of personality and its capabilities in modern screen culture. The practical application of philosophical and anthropological ideas of representatives of existentialism to the understanding of personality in modern screen culture is also shown. The research is based on historical-comparative, hermeneutical and dialectical methods.