Ideal Self-images Research Articles

Цифровая идентичность и гуманистическая модель цифровой образовательной среды

The article is devoted to the problems of subjective and personal self-determination of students in the situation of contact with the infocommunication environment, in particular, to the analysis of “digital identity”, symbolizing the emergence of a new modality of individual identification in virtual space. The methodological basis of the study was philosophical, axiological and systemic approaches. In addition, the possibilities of the method of existential analytics are used, which make it possible to explore not only ontological, but also the value-semantic contexts of the formation of personal identity, allowing us to consider the essence of “I” in the unique unity of its personal qualities, as well as content analysis as the optimal diagnostic tool network identity. The article conceptualizes the concept of “digital identity”. It is shown that the representation of the life of young people in a virtual environment, as one of the forms of successful socialization, as well as the possibility of constructing a virtual personality and its self-presentation in the external environment with the help of ideal self-images, determine the projective nature of digital identity, which is, ultimately, a set of projections of real identity, translated using digital technologies into a sign-symbolic context. Based on examples of the reverse influence of online identity on the real one, a conclusion is made about the emergence of a tendency to blur the lines between them, marking the beginning of the process of merging digital and real identities. The result of the study is a humanistic model of the digital educational environment (DEL), which sets the main variable vectors for its development and implementation, taking into account the creative potential of a particular teacher, the conditions of the educational organization, the socio-pedagogical and socio-psychological specifics of students.

Noise-Canceling Technologies for Smartphone Cameras: Self-Image in the Age of Anxiety

Abstract Noise-canceling technologies for smartphone cameras allow individuals to control and customize their self-images. These technologies that are used to automatically eliminate unwanted visual noise, such as excessive grain or lighting issues, skin imperfections, and teeth stains, are now widely used on smartphones to transform a noisy photograph into a “clean” and “ideal” image. In this paper, the author conducts a critical analysis of (1) the increasing popularity of these technologies through their application in smartphone cameras; (2) their active involvement in the construction of users’ ideal self-images; and (3) their contribution to increased instances of visual phobias, obsessions, anxieties, and irritation.

Storytelling of Food in Roald Dahl’s Novels

Food is one of the recurring themes in literature. Books for both adults and children show the importance of food, which is a vehicle to deliver the texts’ meanings and values. To reveal the inseparable relationship between food and culture, this study chooses two works by Roald Dahl: Matilda and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. In this study, the function and meaning of food in children’s literature is explored to disclose what effect it has on children’s growing into adults. Themes of growth and socialization are regarded as connecting dots between children’s literature and food. In this vein, as one of the dominant factors, food plays a pivotal role for children to build their ideal self-images. In Dahl’s texts, chocolate, for instance, refers to self-autonomy and the search for a genuine identity. In particular, chocolate is a signifier that shows the relationship between parent and child. In Matilda, chocolate functions as an important food for nurturing her mind when reading books. In Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, chocolate functions to rebuild their relationship and reinforce identities as a forbidden food or favorite sweetmeat. In addition, like food, space is connected to children’s growth; particularly basing on the relationship to adults. Accordingly, this study explores how Matilda and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory depict the proper socialization of children by analyzing the meaning and function of food.

Motivational profiles of Chinese university students majoring in Spanish: a comparative study

ABSTRACT Motivation to learn languages other than English (LOTEs) has been underrepresented in second language (L2) motivation research. This study investigated and compared the motivational profiles of first-year and second-year students majoring in Spanish, grounded on the proposition of bifurcating ideal and ought selves into Own and Other standpoints, and the importance of learning experience. The data were first collected using Q methodology from 27 freshmen and 20 sophomores at a university in China, followed by interviews with 10 students. The findings showed three motivational profiles in the first-year group (self-imposed with instrumental goals, self-motivated with intrinsic interests, other-informed and malleable to context) and two in the second-year group (self-motivated with embryonic ideal self-images, ought-self oriented with unsatisfactory classroom experience). These different motivational profiles were found to be associated with two main factors: classroom experience and exposure to Spanish use in digital contexts. The current findings underscored the importance of role modelling and positive classroom learning experience for beginning learners in LOTE degree programmes, and the promising potential of exposing learners to LOTE use in digital contexts.

Psychological Peculiarities of Personal Dissonance of Adolescents in the Sphere of Real and Ideal Self-Image

Adolescence is characterized by contradictions of role behaviours and perceptions caused by age adjustment of adolescents. This is reflected in the system of self-attitudes of adolescents, which can lead to intrapersonal conflicts due to the dissonance of conceptions about their own real and ideal self-image. Such dissonances can hinder the construction of one’s own social roles. Therefore, timely detection of risks of personal dissonance emergence in the sphere of subjective perceptions of one’s own real and ideal self-images becomes one of the leading tasks of providing psychological and psychotherapeutic aid to adolescents, aimed at harmonizing their formation in the process of socialization. The aim of the research is to study the factors that determine the psychological peculiarities of personal dissonance of adolescents in the sphere of real and ideal self-image. The research is based on the use of psychodiagnostic methods of Leary (2004) and Pantileev (1993) for the survey of 303 adolescents of both sexes at the age of 14-17, who recognize the presence of discrepancies between real and ideal self-images. Empirical data has shown a relationship between a constellation of psychological factors that determine the emergence of personal dissonances in the sphere of authoritarianism, dominance, suspicion, aggression, subordination, dependency, friendship and altruism. The research will help to understand the psychological factors of the emergence and functioning of personal dissonances of adolescents, which affect both the system of their self-attitude and the building of their social ties. This opens up prospects for improving psychoprophylactic measures aimed at preventing personal dissonances in adolescents.

Yemeni EFL Learners’ Future Self-Images and Their Relationship to The English Language Proficiency: التصورات الذاتية المستقبلية لدى طلبة اللغة الانجليزية اليمنيين وعلاقتها بالكفاءة في اللغة الإنجليزية

This exploratory correlational study addresses the issue of Yemeni EFL Learners’ Future Self-images, Ideal Self-images and Ought-to Self-image and their relationship to the English language proficiency, mainly, speaking and writing --fourth level students, Department of English Sana’a University of the academic year of 2017-2018. It also aims at exploring which of the two Future Self-images addressed is more evident amongst Yemeni EFL learners. In addition, the study attempts to ascertain the role of gender on Future Self-images. Data gathering instruments were all set and validated for the purpose of the study; which were Future Self-images questionnaire (12 Ideal Self-image items & 12 Ought-to Self-image items), English proficiency (speaking & and writing) tests and two Scoring Scales. Fifty two Students (12 males and 40 females (the sample) took both the Future Self-images questionnaire and the English proficiency tests in the academic year 2017-2018. and two Data gathering instruments were all set and validated for the purpose of the study; which were Future Self-images questionnaire (12 Ideal Self-image items & 12 Ought-to Self-image items), English proficiency (speaking & and writing) tests and two Scoring Scales. Fifty two Students (12 males and 40 females (the sample) took both the Future Self-images questionnaire and the English proficiency tests in the academic year 2017-2018. Descriptive analyses— frequencies, and, t-test for independent groups, and Pearson-product moment correlation— were utilized to analyze the data. Results show that Yemeni EFL students have higher Ought-to Self-image mean scores (3.6) than Ideal Self-image mean scores (3.04) Further, each of the two Future Self-images, Ideal Self-image and Ought-to Self-image has a bipolar direction in regard to male and female students. While, female students have higher mean Ideal Self-image scores (2.6) toward learning English, their counterpart male students have higher mean Ought-to Self-image scores (3.15). Furthermore results revealed a significant and strong relationship between Yemeni EFL learners’ ---Ideal Self-images—Ought-to Self-image-- and speaking and writing proficiency respectively and uniquely. This article ends with some recommendations and suggestions for future research.

Peculiarities of Personal Self-Improvement in Early and Late Adolescence

The article analyzes the peculiarities of personal self-improvement in early and late adolescence. The age, individual psychological and gender characteristics of adolescents influencing their real and ideal self-images, the directions of desired changes and selfimprovement motivation are revealed. The peculiarities of self-improvement of girls and boys are characterized; self-improvement tendencies during the specified age periods are analyzed. The process of personal self-improvement has distinct individualpsychological colors, which is determined primarily by the peculiarities of personal characteristics, self-awareness and motivations.

THE DYNAMICS OF IDEAL AND REAL SELF OF PUPILS IN THE CONTEXT OF THEIR PERSONAL EFFICIENCY

The article analyzes the research of the real and ideal self-images of pupils having different levels of personal effectiveness at the time of transition from primary school age to adolescence. Formation of holistic Self, it filling with new meaningful elements, formation of a certain attitude towards oneself, as well as development of personal life meanings and prospects of the future take place due to reflexive analysis. The performed study has allowed us to determine five category groups with which pupils characterize the “successful pupil” image (ideal Self): generalized characteristics; activity and behaviour characteristics; personality traits (this category can be divided into two subgroups: 1) a person as a learning actor, his/her treats important for learning activity implementation; 2) a person’s traits characterizing him/her as a human being); relationships with other people, other characteristics. The ideal self-image peculiarities are determined and compared, in dynamics, with real self-images of 3rd-6th grade pupils depending on their personal effectiveness. The research results give grounds to assert that primary schoolchildren form self-knowledge on the base of self-perception and self-observation, which is basis for creation of ideas about themselves; but such self-knowledge consists mostly of single images in specific situations. In contrast, at the beginning of adolescence, self-study and self-reflection become very important, which is a prerequisite for holistic, generalized self-image formation. Keywords: personality, personality efficiency, self-image, ideal Self, real Self, reflexivity. Accepted : 03.26.201 8 Reviewed : 04.02.201 8 Published : 04.11.2018 * * * * * Download/read PDF

Neural Correlates of Distorted Self-concept in Individuals With Internet Gaming Disorder: A Functional MRI Study.

Background and aims: Discrepancy between ideal self-guide and actual self-concept evoke dejection-related feeling, and often individuals with internet gaming disorder (IGD) use games as the tool to escape those negative emotions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of self-discrepancy based on actual and ideal self-images and elucidate the neural correlates underlying the distorted self in individuals with IGD.Methods: Nineteen male individuals with IGD and 20 healthy controls (HCs) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging where they decided on whether they agreed with the adjectives describing their actual or ideal self on a four-point Likert Scale. Two-sample t-test on the self-discrepancy contrast was conducted for neuroimaging analysis and correlation analysis was performed between the behavioral data and regional activities.Results: The IGD group evaluated both their ideal self and actual self more negatively than the HC group. Actual self-concept was associated with satisfaction with psychological needs as opposed to ideal self-guide. Brain activity in the inferior parietal lobule was significantly decreased in individuals with IGD relative to HCs in the self-discrepancy contrast. In addition, neural activity during evaluating actual self-concept showed a significant group difference.Conclusion: These results provide novel evidence for distorted self-concept of people with IGD. Individuals with IGD had a negative ideal and actual self-image. Neurobiologically, dysfunction in the inferior parietal lobule associated with emotional regulation and negative self-evaluation was found in IGD. Considering the characteristics of IGD that often develop in adolescence, this self-concept problem should be noted and applied with appropriate therapy.

The Dynamics of Relations between Ideal and Real Self of Primary School Children and Adolescents in the Context of their Personal Efficiency

The article analyzes the research of the real and ideal self-images of pupils having different levels of personal effectiveness at the time of their transition from primary school age to adolescence. There are five category groups with which pupils describe the “successful pupil” image: generalized characteristics; acting and behavioural characteristics; personality traits (this category can be divided into two subgroups: 1) a person as a learning agent, the treats important for learning activity implementation; 2) a person's traits characterizing him/her as a human being); relationships with other people, other characteristics. The ideal self-image peculiarities are determined and compared, in dynamics, with real self-images of 3rd-6th grade pupils depending on their personal effectiveness. The research results give grounds to assert that the self-knowledge of primary schoolchildren has the form of self-perception and self-observation that are basis for creation of ideas about themselves; such ideas consist mostly of single images in specific situations. In contrast, at the beginning of adolescence, self-study and self-reflection become very important, which is a prerequisite for holistic, generalized self-image formation.

자기이미지와 패션리더성향: 의복관여와 소비자 자신감을 중심으로

People are exposed to diverse images and naturally find images to express themselves to others for personalsatisfaction. They present ideal images that they desire to obtain or actual images that they already have. People find differences between ideal images and actual images as well astry to overcome differences by managing appearance or purchasing fashion items. The congruence between real and ideal self-images and perceived body images stimulate clothing involvement or consumer confidence to influence fashion innovativeness and fashion opinion leadership. Fashion leaders are known for confidence when making buying decisions on new fashion products and are more likely to influence other consumers to buy new items. This study useda structural equation model to understand the influence of perceived self and body image on clothing involvement and consumer confidence as well as define how perceived images influence fashion leadership through clothing involvement and consumer confidence. The results of this study indicated that self-image congruence has a positive impact on social body image and personal body image. A positive influence of perceived body image on clothing involvement and consumer confidence was also detected. Fashion opinion leadership could be explained by clothing involvement and consumer confidence; however, fashion innovativeness could only be explained by consumer confidence.

Actual and ideal self-congruity affecting consumers’ emotional and behavioral responses toward an online store

Recognizing that a consumer’s congruity judgment with a store image can be formed with both actual and ideal self-images, this study investigates the differential effects that these two congruity judgments might have on a consumer’s evaluation of an online store. The results indicate that the closer the image of an online store is to the consumer’s actual self, the more favorably the store is evaluated. Interestingly, however, the proximity between the image of an online store and a consumer’s ideal self has a negative effect on consumer evaluation toward the store. The results also indicate that the positive visual cues of an online store generate consumer delight more significantly than information cues do. Consumer delight is found to significantly increase the intention to make an initial purchase from the store.

What will I be like at eighty? How human values contribute to expected real and ideal self-images in old age in a Germanic/Austrian cultural context

According to Grawe’s Consistency Theory, congruence between an individual’s aims and reality is fundamental for psychological health. We examined the real and ideal self-images of N = 440 participants in a Germanic/Austrian cultural context as perceived in presence and as anticipated for an age of 80 years and examined their relationship to value orientations as a coping resource. From adjective ratings on the Semantic Differential for the real self-image at presence, two dimensions were extracted, one representing Warmth (W) and one representing Competence (C) in the sense of the Stereotype Content Model. Cluster analysis yielded one type of respondents with a cautiously optimistic, and one with a moderately pessimistic view of the present and the future. A third cluster devalued W and C in favor of Religiosity and Conservatism and had the highest degree of congruence between real and ideal self-images. Thus, hypotheses with regard to Religiosity and Conservatism as coping resources were confirmed.

Ideal Self-Image Congruency as a Motivator for Smoking: The Moderating Effects of Personality Traits

A content analysis showed that cigarette advertising in Taiwan from June 2001 to May 2003 portrayed smokers as masculine, adventurous, pleasure-loving, and sociable. A survey of 1,490 high school students further indicated that smokers and nonsmokers differ in the congruency between their ideal self-images and the perceived smoker image on these 4 image dimensions. The self–smoker image congruency was greater for smokers than for nonsmokers and was positively associated with attitudes toward cigarette advertising Most important, this study demonstrated that participants' personality traits moderated self–smoker image congruency effects on smoking attitudes. Implications and suggestions for antismoking campaigns are discussed.

Self-Concept by Gender: A Focus on Male-Female Consumer

The purpose of this exploratory study is to evaluate the differences/similarities between male and female consumers concerning their actual and ideal self-images. The results of this study reveal that there are statistically significant differences between male and female consumers in the ratings of some of the actual and ideal self-image descriptors. Marketing management implications of the results are also assessed in this paper.

Cognition-correlation indices of gender schema: tests of validity

Four-hundred and seventy-seven subjects evaluated a set of traits and behaviors in terms of how masculine and feminine they were and in terms of how well they represented their real and ideal self-images. Within-individual correlation coefficients between these evaluations were proposed as measures of psychological gender schemata, because they would represent the degree of matching between the subjects' gender-image and ideal/real self-images of gender-related attributes. The present study aims at examining the construct validity of these measures, by testing them to psychological variables that are known to reflect gender identity. The individual difference variables used as criteria were (a) satisfaction with one's own sex, (b) general happiness, (c) self-esteem (d) gender-conflict, and (e) school and occupational achievement need. Correlations between the gender-schema indices and the criteria variables supported the construct validity of those measures. Advantages of the present measurement over the conventional simple trait approach, such as BSRI, or PAQ are discussed.

Real and ideal self-images in second- and fifth-grade children: Reliability, validity and factorial structure

The reliability, construct validity, and factorial structure of three self-image instruments were assesses in a total of 80 second- and fifth-grade children. Both real self-images (children's current views of themselves) and ideal self-images (the self views to which children aspire) were assessed. the split-half and test—retest reliabilities of the instruments were adequate even for children's as young as second graders. Stronger evidence of construct validity was found for the older children, although the intercorrelation patterns for both age groups were characterized by larger correlations between assessments of real and ideal self-images using the same instrument than between assessments of the same component of the self-image across the three instruments. Contrary to predictions gener ated by developmental theory, the factor analyses provided non evidence of increasing differentiation of the self-image with age. They did, however, reveal that second and fifth graders distinguish distinctly different functional domains within their self-images.

Marketing information system utilization: An application of self-concept theory

The impact of marketing information systems (MIS) has not been substantial and developed systems have not been highly utilized. Borrowing the theory of self-concept from the behavioral sciences, 46 system users' self-images, ideal self-images, and the images of a significant other (one who facilitates usage of the MIS) are measured and related to the image of a heavy user of the information system. The results shed some light on the system usage problem and provide some direction for marketing the MIS to marketing managers/ system users.

Non-help-seeking wives of employed alcoholics. A multilevel interpersonal profile.

Interpretation of personality test scores reveals that non-help-seeking wives of employed alcoholics are dominant persons whose ideal self-images are of dependent or masochistic women.

Self-Concept and Brand Preference: A Partial Replication

Few marketing propositions are more intuitively pleasing than that brand preference is based upon the congruence between a consumer's self-image and his perceived image of the product brand. Research efforts directed at establishing empirical support for this proposition have generally been successful;' however, with few exceptions these efforts have been directed at only one of the several recognized concepts of self-image.2 Two recent research efforts have included the concepts of actual and ideal self-images in their research design.3 In each study actual self-image is defined as the perceived image one has of oneself, and ideal self-image represents the perceived image of the person the individual would like to be. Both studies were directed at testing the proposition that actual and ideal self-image are differentially related to brand preference due to differences in the visibility of product consumption. It has been suggested that products high in consumption visibility might serve as a vehicle for the attainment of ideal self-image, while products low in consumption visibility would serve as a vehicle for the attainment of actual self-image.4 Findings in each study supported the contention that brand preference for a privately consumed product is related to the congruence between the respondent's actual self-image rather than his ideal self-image. No support was found for the hypothesized relationship between the respondent's ideal self-image and the brand image of his most preferred publicly consumed product.