Ideal Profile Research Articles

A-232 Characterize and reduce positive interference of hemolysis on Fungitell testing for (1, 3)-β-glucan (BDG) in serum

Abstract Background Fungitell is an FDA cleared in vitro diagnostic product with an indication for use as an adjunct test for the diagnosis of invasive fungal infection. This assay has been established using a kinetic photometric method. A key aspect of this (1→3)-β-glucan (BDG) activated cascade reaction is its characteristic kinetic optical density profile. Interference which affects the BDG kinetic profile makes data analysis and interpretation difficult. This interference is roughly classified as being associated with hemolysis, icterus, lipemia (collectively HIL), and other non-specific factors. Methods In this study, we found that the use of 5% PEG-8000 supplemented serum (1:1 ratio of the volume of serum to 10% PEG-8000 solution with 0.1 M Tris-Cl, pH 7.4), heated at 80°C for 3.5 min, followed by centrifugation at 15,000 x g for 10 minutes (PEG-X Method) can largely eliminate the hemolysis-associated interference. Results The treated serum Fungitell BDG reaction curves are more like the ideal BDG kinetic profile. The recovery of introduced β-glucan has been shown to be acceptable (80-120%) for hemolyzed specimens. Conclusions This simple and rapid procedure shows promise as a pre-analytical treatment to reduce serum interference in the Fungitell β-glucan test for a substantial fraction of samples that produce currently unreportable results.

Perceptions of Nasal Profile and Augmentation Rhinoplasty in the Japanese Colonial Era of Korea (1910-1945).

The aim of this study was to analyze perceptions of nasal profiles and the origins of augmentation rhinoplasty in Korea during the Japanese colonial era. Through ( www.google.com ) and ( www.naver.com ), the archives of newspapers and magazines were searched for references to "nasal augmentation." The following topics were identified: the ideal nasal profile in the corresponding era, nasal augmentation by nonsurgical methods, camouflage makeup for noses with a low profile, the earliest literature on augmentation rhinoplasty in Japan, a case of augmentation rhinoplasty in a Korean woman, an estimate of the year when augmentation rhinoplasty was first performed in Korea, and augmentation rhinoplasty by injection. In 1922, the Nose Lifter (nose uplifting clip) was already commercially available to Korean women. The following year, in 1923, Nishihata and Yoshida published their work on augmentation rhinoplasty using ivory in Japan. By 1925, some hospitals had performed augmentation rhinoplasty, but the procedure had not yet gained popularity among Koreans. In 1927, a Japanese author emphasized the importance of an ideal nasal profile harmonizing with the lips, chin, and neck. Also, in 1927, rhinoplasty gained popularity and was performed at various ENT clinics throughout Korea using various methods. In 1929, a 3-dimensional makeup method was introduced to camouflage a low-profile nose. By 1935, there was a belief that augmentation by injection was not harmful. The authors believe that augmentation rhinoplasty began in 1925 and gained popularity among Koreans by 1927. It was not until 1935 that the complications associated with injectable augmentation were recognized.

Considerando la adopción efectiva de sistemas agrícolas en el diseño de esquemas para la promoción en el cultivo de árboles, Costa Rica

[Introduction]: The current cultivation of trees is insufficient to cover the national demand for wood, in this way small producers become an alternative solution to this situation, since despite having small areas, in the country there are abundant farms with these conditions; However, the current forest management scheme does not meet adequate standards for the incorporation of these small producers. [Objective]: To present an adaptive forest management scheme (AFMS) to the needs of the small farmer, in addition, to demonstrate the institutional availability to change according to expert criteria. [Methodology]: 1) the factors that influence the decision to adopt an agricultural or forestry production system were identified. 2) a profile of an ideal productive system that met the interests and preferences of the small producer was made, which was compared with the characteristics of agricultural and forestry production. 3) the proposal of an EMFA adjusted to the preferences and interest of the producer was made, which was also compared with the ideal profile. 4) three proposed change actions were presented to experts, obtaining different degrees of possibility of changes in the EMFA. [Results]: The discrepancy of the forest management scheme for the cultivation of trees with the perspective that a small producer has on an ideal production system was evidenced, as well as the substantial improvement that an EMFA would have in the valuation of the small producer and the institutional availability to change the EMFA according to the perspective of the small producers. [Conclusions]: The adjustment of the forest management scheme allows a greater adoption of the activity by the small producer, but it was recognized that any proposal that is made would be successful only if forest governance makes it more flexible and allows change.

Sacral neuromodulation update in 2024: Insights from the ICS workshop 2023

Purpose:This review is based on the International Continence Society (ICS) Workshop on Hands-On Sacral Neuromodulation (SNM)- Ideal Lead Placement presented at the Annual Congress in 2023. This workshop briefly reviewed appropriate patient selection, focused most of the time on hands on skills to teach appropriate needle and lead placement techniques. Six very experienced experts worked with attendees on lifelike models to teach them how to achieve lead placement efficiently and appropriately. Tips and tricks for getting the best responses were reviewed. Materials and methods: The review follows the structure adopted by workshop, where SNM-Ideal Lead Placement is discussed in four sections: main/extended indications and ideal patient profile, sacral neuromodulation techniques included basic evaluation (PNE), advanced evaluation, ideal lead placement and novel technology. Results:The learning objectives were achieved at the end of the workshop. These were: understanding the role of sacral neuromodulation, recognize the latest technological developments, their clinical implications and getting the best outcome with SNM, stress the importance of patient selection process and current SNM indications, reviewing standard surgical technique for optimal lead placement and gain understanding of choices for recharge versus fixed battery (as well as use in neurological disease). Conclusions:Hands-on training workshops on sacral neuromodulation is efficient training modules to ensure learning objectives for participants. Accurate needle/temporary lead placement, lead placement with permanent lead, smart programming with programmers are the main parts of hands-on training session with using realistic phantom and 3D printed models in workshop.

IL-8 and PI3K pathway influence the susceptibility of TRAIL-sensitive colorectal cancer cells to TRAIL-induced cell death.

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an apoptosis inducer that exhibits an ideal therapeutic safety profile with less adverse effects than conventional chemotherapy. However, the occurrence of TRAIL resistance has been reported in various cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). Substantial efforts have been channelled towards managing TRAIL resistance including identifying molecular targets. Interleukins (ILs) have been recently shown to play critical roles in modulating TRAIL sensitivity in cancer cells. This study investigated the roles of two ILs, IL-8 and IL⍺, in TRAIL resistance in CRC. TRAIL-resistant HT-29 and TRAIL-sensitive HCT 116 cells, were treated with human recombinant IL-8 and IL-1⍺. The results indicated that treatment with IL-8 (2.5 ng/mL) significantly protected TRAIL-sensitive HCT 116 cells from TRAIL-induced cell death (p < 0.05). However, IL-1⍺ did not play a role in modulating CRC cells' responses to TRAIL. Data from RT-qPCR and Western blotting revealed the molecular regulations of IL-8 on TRAIL decoy receptor genes (OPG) and autophagy-related genes (BECN1 and LC3B) expression. The activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway was shown to counteract TRAIL-induced cell death. By inhibiting its activation with wortmannin, the protective role of IL-8 against TRAIL treatment was reversed, suggesting the involvement of the PI3K pathway. Collectively, findings from this study identified the role of IL-8 and PI3K in modulating CRC cells' sensitivity to TRAIL. Further validation of these two potential molecular targets is warranted to overcome TRAIL resistance in CRC.

Validation of Optimization Methods for Sensory Characteristics Using Rate-All-That-Apply and Intensity Scales: A Case Study of Apple Juice.

Preference mapping (PM), which integrates consumer and descriptive analysis (DA) data to identify attributes that drive consumer liking, is widely employed for product optimization. However, a limited group of trained panelists cannot fully represent the diverse consumer population or reliably predict market acceptance. Consequently, numerous studies have explored consumer-based methodologies as potential replacements for DA; however, their efficacy for product optimization remains limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the potential of optimizing products using two consumer-based profiling techniques as alternatives to DA in external preference mapping (EPM). Overall, 8 trained panelists profiled 12 sensory attributes of 7 commercial apple juices, whereas 160 consumers assessed the same attributes using a 5-point rate-all-that-apply (RATA) scale and a 10 cm intensity scale (IS). Danzart's response surface ideal modeling was employed to identify optimal products using DA, RATA, and IS through barycenter calculations, focusing on three products from the original consumer test located around the group ideal point. Overall, the ideal products of the group and their sensory characteristics were successfully identified using DA, RATA, and IS. Regarding sensory intensities, high concordance was observed between DA and RATA (Rv = 0.92) and between DA and IS (Rv = 0.91). Overall liking and preference scores for products mixed at the optimal ratio for each method showed no significant differences in preference among the ideal products identified using DA, RATA, and IS. This study suggests that both RATA and IS are viable alternatives to DA in EPM for identifying ideal sensory profiles.

Fruitful Brewing: Exploring Consumers' and Producers' Attitudes towards Beer Produced with Local Fruit and Agroindustrial By-Products.

This study explored beer consumers' and producers' perceptions of using local fruit and agroindustrial by-products in brewing. An online survey was conducted in Italy with 496 beer consumers and 54 beer producers. The survey assessed sociodemographic information, consumption behavior, and support for brewery neolocalism, along with brewers' perceptions of the sustainability of their breweries. Findings showed high consumers' involvement in sustainable eating and high support for breweries utilizing local resources and operating in a sustainable way. Breweries rated their sustainability practices as moderate, and most of them considered their efforts in using local raw materials and repurposing by-products as "excellent". Both consumers and producers considered beer made with agroindustrial by-products less tasty than those with local fruit (p < 0.05), but no significant difference in willingness to buy was observed (p > 0.05). According to cluster analysis results, the ideal consumer profile for sustainable beers was characterized by a higher proportion of females prioritizing sustainability and local sourcing over sensory quality. Therefore, using local materials or agroindustrial by-products can align brewers' practices with consumers' preferences, enhancing competitiveness and market positioning by fostering a sense of sustainability and locality.

Alterations in one‑carbon metabolism and protein synthesis signals due to methionine supplementation and lipopolysaccharide challenge in Holstein fetal liver explants

One‑carbon metabolism (OCM) fueled by methionine (Met), choline, and folic acid is key for embryo development and fetal growth. We investigated effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation in fetal liver tissue with or without Met on components of OCM and protein synthesis activity. Fetal liver harvested at slaughter from six multiparous pregnant Holstein dairy cows (37 ± 6 kg milk/d, 100 ± 3 d gestation) were incubated (0.2 ± 0.02 g) for 4 h at 37 °C with each of the following: ideal profile of amino acids (control; Lysine:Met 2.9:1), control plus LPS (1 μg/mL), increased Met supply (Met, Lys:Met 2.5:1), and Met+LPS. Data were analyzed as a 2 × 2 factorial (PROC MIXED, SAS 9.4). Ratios of mechanistic target of rapamycin (p-mTOR:mTOR) and eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (p-eEF2:eEF2) protein were lowest (P < 0.0 5) with LPS and highest with Met. Tissue amino acid concentrations were lowest (P < 0.0 5) with Met regardless of LPS suggesting enhanced use via mTOR. The marked increase (P = 0.02) in phosphorylation of S6 ribosomal protein (p-RPS6) with LPS suggested a pro-inflammatory response that was partly alleviated with Met+LPS. No effect (P = 0.4 5) on methionine adenosyl transferase 1 A (MAT1A) protein abundance was detected. Activity of betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT) was greatest with Met, but Met+LPS dampened this effect (P = 0.0 5). Overall, fetal liver responds to inflammatory challenges and Met supply. The latter can stimulate protein synthesis via mTOR and alter some OCM reactions while having a modest anti-inflammatory effect.

A generalized signal model for dual-module velocity-selective arterial spin labeling.

To develop a generalized signal model for dual-module velocity-selective arterial spin labeling (dm-VSASL) that can integrate arbitrary saturation and inversion profiles. A recently developed mathematical framework for single-module VSASL is extended to address the increased complexity of dm-VSASL and to model the use of realistic velocity-selective profiles in the label-control and vascular crushing modules. Expressions for magnetization difference, arterial delivery functions, labeling efficiency, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) estimation error are presented. Sources of error are examined and timing requirements to minimize quantification errors are derived. For ideal velocity-selective profiles, the predicted signals match those of prior work. With realistic profiles, a CBF-dependent estimation error can occur when velocity-selective inversion (VSI) is used for the labeling modules and velocity-selective saturation (VSS) is used for the vascular crushing module. The error reflects a mismatch between the leading and trailing edges of the delivery function for the second bolus and can be minimized by choosing a nominal labeling cutoff velocity that is lower than the nominal saturation cutoff velocity. In the presence of and inhomogeneities, the labeling efficiency of dual-module VSI is more attenuated than that of dual-module VSS. The proposed signal model will enable researchers to more accurately assess and compare the performance of realistic dm-VSASL implementations and improve the quantification of dm-VSASL CBF measures.

Optimization of dietary protein based on ideal protein concept for genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) juveniles reared in inland saline water

A 60-day feeding trial was performed to optimize dietary protein based on the ideal protein concept for genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) juveniles reared in inland saline water (ISW) of 10 ppt salinity. Seven heteronitrogenous (373.6–256.5 g crude protein/kg), isocaloric (∼ 16 MJ digestible energy/kg) and isolipidic (∼ 80 g lipid/kg) semi-purified feeds were formulated and prepared with decreasing levels of crude protein (CP), namely 373.6 (CP1), 352.2 (CP2), 334.5 (CP3), 314.9 (CP4), 293.7 (CP5), 275.2 (CP6) and 256.5 g/kg (CP7). The proportion of total essential and semi-essential amino acids was kept constant in all diets as ideal amino acid profiles and total non-essential amino acids were reduced linearly to reduce the dietary CP levels. Three hundred fifteen juveniles (average weight 4.76 ± 0.01 g) were randomly assigned into seven groups in triplicate. Fish of various groups were fed thrice daily at an apparent satiation level. The growth of juveniles increased linearly and quadratically (p<0.05) when the CP level of diets was decreased from 373.6 (CP1) to 334.5 g/kg (CP3), then declined linearly. The CP2 and CP3 groups had significantly higher feed intake and lower feed conversion ratio. In contrast, low CP-fed groups had superior protein utilization, viscerosomatic index and hepatosomatic index than other groups. The CP1 and CP2 groups had significantly higher whole-body protein and lower lipid content. The whole-body non-essential amino acid content diminished linearly (p<0.05) as dietary CP levels were decreased; the whole-body essential amino acid content remained unchanged (p>0.05). The high CP-fed juveniles (CP1 and CP2) showed a significantly (p<0.05) elevated protease activity, whereas the opposite trend was noticed for amylase activity. The aminotransferase activities of the liver and muscle were reduced linearly (p<0.05) with reduced dietary CP levels. Serum glucose and cholesterol contents elevated linearly (p<0.05) with decreased dietary CP levels. Whereas, the hemoglobin content and RBC count decreased (p<0.05) in the high CP-fed juveniles. The second-order polynomial regression analysis revealed that the optimal dietary CP levels could range from 311.1 to 318.0 g/kg for GIFT juveniles reared in ISW of 10 ppt salinity. Furthermore, by adopting the ideal protein concept, the CP levels in the diet of GIFT juveniles could be reduced from 373.6 to 311.1 g/kg without affecting growth performance. The outcome of this study will assist in developing a low-protein feed with balanced essential amino acids for GIFT culture in ISW.

AT-0174, a novel dual IDO1/TDO2 enzyme inhibitor, synergises with temozolomide to improve survival in an orthotopic mouse model of glioblastoma

BackgroundGlioblastoma is an aggressive brain cancer, usually of unknown etiology, and with a very poor prognosis. Survival from diagnosis averages only 3 months if left untreated and this only increases to 12–15 months upon treatment. Treatment options are currently limited and typically comprise radiotherapy plus a course of the DNA-alkylating chemotherapeutic temozolomide. Unfortunately, the disease invariably relapses after several months of treatment with temozolomide, due to the development of resistance to the drug. Increased local tryptophan metabolism is a feature of many solid malignant tumours through increased expression of tryptophan metabolising enzymes. Glioblastomas are notable for featuring increased expression of the tryptophan catabolizing enzymes indole-2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1), and especially tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase-2 (TDO2). Increased IDO1 and TDO2 activity is known to suppress the cytotoxic T cell response to tumour cells, and this has led to the proposal that the IDO1 and TDO2 enzymes represent promising immuno-oncology targets. In addition to immune modulation, however, recent studies have also identified the activity of these enzymes is important in the development of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents.MethodsIn the current study, the efficacy of a novel dual inhibitor of IDO1 and TDO2, AT-0174, was assessed in an orthotopic mouse model of glioblastoma. C57BL/6J mice were stereotaxically implanted with GL261(luc2) cells into the striatum and then administered either vehicle control, temozolomide (8 mg/kg IP; five 8-day cycles of treatment every 2 days), AT-0174 (120 mg/kg/day PO) or both temozolomide + AT-0174, all given from day 7 after implantation.ResultsTemozolomide decreased tumour growth and improved median survival but increased the infiltration of CD4+ Tregs. AT-0174 had no significant effect on tumour growth or survival when given alone, but provided clear synergy in combination with temozolomide, further decreasing tumour growth and significantly improving survival, as well as elevating CD8+ T cell expression and decreasing CD4+ Treg infiltration.ConclusionAT-0174 exhibited an ideal profile for adjunct treatment of glioblastomas with the first-line chemotherapeutic drug temozolomide to prevent development of CD4+ Treg-mediated chemoresistance.

A novel konjac rice formula with glucomannan and tapioca starch improve postprandial glycemic response – a randomized single-blind clinical trial

PurposeDue to white rice’s association with diabetes and other chronic diseases in many Asian countries, many industries are working to develop high-fiber rice substitutes with similar organoleptic characteristics. Konjac rice (KR) is a promising option, but maintaining its optimal fiber content for health benefits while preserving its ideal sensory profile remains a challenge. This study aims to investigate whether a KR formula, combining tapioca flour and glucomannan gel, possesses similar organoleptic attributes to white rice while preventing glycemic response elevation.Design/methodology/approachIn a six-week randomized single-blind clinical trial, 13 normoweight nondiabetic subjects received varying konjac-based rice and white rice ratios. Blood glucose levels were measured at intervals, and glycemic response was assessed using incremental area under the curve (iAUC). Visual analog scale gauged satiety, and organoleptic properties were evaluated.FindingsSubstituting white rice with pure and partial konjac-based rice significantly lowered postprandial blood sugar levels and glycemic response (p = 0.002). iAUC for pure KR and KR 1:1 was notably lower than white rice (p = 0.002). Subjects reported a sense of fullness comparable to white rice, with no significant organoleptic score differences (p = 0.260).Research limitations/implicationsThe study’s generalizability is compromised due to the limited number of participants, impacting external validity. The examined parameters offer a rough understanding of konjac grain’s impact on postprandial glycemic responses but do not elucidate underlying mechanisms or the duration of its inhibitory effect on glucose absorption. Long-term effects on metabolic, hormonal parameters and the colon’s microbial flora composition and function remain unexplored, constraining comprehensive insights into konjac grain’s extended implications.Practical implicationsThis study introduces a novel KR formula to address the escalating diabetes risks associated with white rice consumption. Substituting white rice with KR significantly reduces postprandial blood sugar levels, highlighting its potential in preventing type 2 diabetes (T2D). Tapioca flour enhances palatability, making KR a viable option. While promising, long-term effectiveness and safety require further research, emphasizing comprehensive lifestyle interventions. The study contributes valuable insights to innovative dietary strategies for prevalent health conditions, emphasizing the need for ongoing efforts in public health.Social implicationsWhite rice, a staple in Asian societies, is linked to a heightened risk of T2D due to increased production and inadequate dietary fiber. This connection contributes to the economic burden on governments through health insurance and lost productivity. Encouraging alternatives rich in fiber can mitigate this burden, offering a socioeconomically beneficial solution to preventable chronic diseases.Originality/valueThis trial demonstrates konjac-based rice’s potential in curbing glycemic responses, hinting at its role in preventing T2D. Glucomannan’s viscosity, satiety induction and potential gut health impact are highlighted. Further research is warranted for long-term effectiveness and safety. These findings contribute to the growing evidence supporting glucomannan as a valuable tool in addressing prevalent health conditions.

Increasing digital awareness of pre-service teachers (an experimental research)

With the 21st century, the skills expected from people have changed. Expectations in this process have also affected the concept of the ideal human profile. Creative thinking, critical thinking and digital skills can be counted among the skills expected from an ideal person in this period. This transformation manifests itself in many areas. There is no doubt that education systems that can adapt to digital transformation, especially in the field of education, will be the education systems of the future. In this process, it is essential to increase the awareness of teachers towards digital transformation. As a matter of fact, in this study, it was aimed to increase the awareness of pre-service teachers about digital transformation. The research utilized a single group pretest-posttest model from experimental designs. In this context, 30 randomly selected 3rd and 4th grade pre-service teachers studying in the Department of Classroom Education were included in the sample. Within the scope of the research, the awareness scale for digital transformation in education developed by Yurdakal (2024) was used. Alpha value of the scale consisting of 50 items and 3 dimensions is 0.957. Within the scope of the research, an 8-week curriculum was prepared first. The curriculum was applied to the sample for 8 weeks, 4 online and 4 face-to-face. Pre-test and post-test data were collected before and after the implementation. During the process, diaries were distributed to the sample and they were asked to write their thoughts about the whole process. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS 22 and dependent groups were analyzed with T test. The qualitative data obtained within the scope of the research were analyzed by content analysis and codes were obtained and themes were reached by bringing the related codes together. The themes were presented by supporting them with quotations. Looking at the results of the research; it was determined that the participants' awareness of digital transformation post-test (134.96) scores were significantly higher than the pre-test (99.56) scores. In this context, the training process on digital transformation awareness was successful.

Pharmaceutical prospects of pomegranate antioxidants in combating microbial infections

ABSTRACT Pomegranates, which are renowned for their diverse bioactive phytochemicals with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, have garnered significant interest in the field of natural medicine. This study aimed to systematically investigate the phytochemical content, bioavailability, and antimicrobial effects of extracts derived from different parts of three Jordanian pomegranate cultivars, Kodari, Qerati, and Black. Comprehensive quantitative analyses revealed significantly higher phenolic content and antioxidant capacities in peel extracts, particularly in the Black and Qerati cultivars. The total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric assay, and the antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Bioavailability was determined using stimulated gastrointestinal digestion assays, revealing controlled release in gastric fluid compared to more substantial release in intestinal fluid, thereby suggesting potential implications for bioavailability. Furthermore, antimicrobial assays showed promising antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus in a time-dependent manner, although the efficacy varied among the cultivars and components. These findings underscore the multifaceted bioactive potential of pomegranate extracts, particularly those derived from optimized peel extracts, positioning them as promising natural preservatives or functional ingredients. However, further research is warranted to delve into specific bioactive constituents, absorption mechanisms, and their potential applications in diverse fields, such as foods, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. By expanding the current understanding of the factors influencing pomegranate bioactivities, this study lays the groundwork for tailored utilization of pomegranate fractions based on ideal phytochemical profiles and targeted effects.

Changes in intestinal microbiota, immunity and metabolism caused by mixed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis-fermented feed in Bamei pigs

BackgroundThe Chinese pig breed Bamei faces numerous challenges, such as antibiotic abuse, feed shortages, weaning stress, low immunity and disease resistance after weaning. Probiotic-fermented feed is an ideal profile that can improve the intestinal microbiota, promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and improve immunity. However, the combined effect of long-term intake of probiotic-fermented feeds on the intestinal microbiota, intestinal metabolic profiles, and immunity in pigs is not well understood. Here, we investigated the effects of feeding basal feed, Lactiplantibacillus-fermented feed, Bacillus subtilis-fermented feed, mixed-fermented feed, and antibiotic-added feed for 100 days on the gut microbiota, immunity, and metabolism of Bamei pigs after feeding five different fermented feeds by using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing, enzyme-linked immunoassay, and untargeted metabolomics, respectively.Results16S rDNA sequencing revealed that after the piglets were fed five different feeds for 50 days, the structure of the intestinal microbiota of the Bamei pigs was significantly altered, and feeding the mixed Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum and Bacillus (B.) subtilis-fermented feed not only increased the α-diversity of the intestinal microbiota and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, but also suppressed the growth of the conditional pathogens, Clostridium and Streptococcus. The Sobs and Shannon indices were significantly lower (p < 0.05) on Day 10 in Group A, which was fed feed supplemented with antibiotics. Feeding mixed-fermented feed not only significantly increased the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, but also significantly decreased the production of several proinflammatory cytokines and inhibited the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB inflammatory-related signaling pathway (p < 0.05), even more so than antibiotics. The results of untargeted metabolomics showed that feeding mixed-fermented feed improved the metabolism of Bamei pigs by increasing the content of narceine and alpha-cephalin; promoting bile secretion; and facilitating the synthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and steroid hormones. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters were significantly enriched in the antibiotic group.ConclusionThe mixed L. plantarum QP28-1a and B. subtilis QB8a-fermented feed not only improved the intestinal microbiota structure and metabolic profiles and regulated the metabolic pathways of tryptophan, phenylalanine, and steroid hormone biosynthesis, but also improved the immunity of Bamei pigs. This research provides an ideal, healthful, and environmentally sustainable approach for Bamei pig breeding and conservation.Graphical

Unlocking the full potential of mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for osteoarthritis through machine learning-based in silico trials

Despite the potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in osteoarthritis (OA) treatment, the challenge lies in addressing their therapeutic inconsistency. Clinical trials revealed significantly varied therapeutic outcomes among patients receiving the same allogenic MSCs but different treatment regimens. Therefore, optimizing personalized treatment strategies is crucial to fully unlock MSCs’ potential and enhance therapeutic consistency. We employed the XGBoost algorithm to train a self-collected database comprising 37 published clinical reports to create a model capable of predicting the probability of effective pain relief and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) index improvement in OA patients undergoing MSC therapy. Leveraging this model, extensive in silico simulations were conducted to identify optimal personalized treatment strategies and ideal patient profiles. Our in silico trials predicted that the individually optimized MSC treatment strategies would substantially increase patients’ chances of recovery compared to the strategies used in reported clinical trials, thereby potentially benefiting 78.1%, 47.8%, 94.4% and 36.4% of the patients with ineffective short-term pain relief, short-term WOMAC index improvement, long-term pain relief and long-term WOMAC index improvement, respectively. We further recommended guidelines on MSC number, concentration, and the patients’ appropriate physical (body mass index, age, etc.) and disease states (Kellgren-Lawrence grade, etc.) for OA treatment. Additionally, we revealed the superior efficacy of MSC in providing short-term pain relief compared to platelet-rich plasma therapy for most OA patients. This study represents the pioneering effort to enhance the efficacy and consistency of MSC therapy through machine learning applied to clinical data. The in silico trial approach holds immense potential for diverse clinical applications.

171 Current limitations to implement fiber in U.S. sow and nursery diets, and nutritional strategies to support ideal fiber profile

Abstract The importance of fiber in swine nutrition is increasingly recognized, and the consequences of insufficient dietary fiber can be significant. Consequently, U.S. production nutritionists have begun exploring the incorporation of fiber into their nutrition programs. However, incorporating fiber into diets is not without challenges. Analytical capabilities for assessing fiber content have improved, yet accessing accurate data remains a hurdle. Furthermore, the cost of analysis limits the ability of nutritionists to utilize these advanced methods for ingredient analysis. The lack of information around fiber requirements in the diet may be due to the insufficient methodology that has historically been available to measure the indigestible fraction of the diet. In the nursery phase, research findings on the effects of fiber have been mixed, likely influenced by the health status of the animals. Short-term growth performance trials may not fully capture the benefits of fiber, and more comprehensive, long-term studies focusing on health-related parameters are lacking. Similarly, research on sow nutrition faces challenges due to the limitations of barn structures and feed lines. Sow trials typically involve only a small number of treatments, often requiring before- and after- assessments. Moreover, the benefits of fiber are more apparent in later reproductive cycles, necessitating prolonged research efforts. Given the limited phases in sow diets, primarily lactation and gestation, conducting sow research is both challenging and costly. Evidence from European literature and recent U.S. studies suggests that the total dietary fiber and the level of soluble, fermentable fiber have a crucial role in swine diets, particularly for sows and piglets. However, the availability and affordability of such fiber types in the U.S. are limited. The majority of fiber-rich ingredients in the U.S. consist mostly of insoluble fiber. To address this limitation, technological advancements will be needed to transform available fiber sources into the desired fiber constructs, rather than relying solely on fiber-rich ingredients. A stimbiotic, which encourages fiber fermentation, may be key to achieving the desired fiber profile. The addition of a stimbiotic has been shown to increase the digestibility of fiber. It also increases the capacity of the beneficial microbiome to break down and ferment fiber, which leads to an increase in the production of volatile fatty acids (acetic, propionic and butyric). In conclusion, U.S. swine nutritionist must explore alternative dietary strategies to capturing the ideal fiber composition. Key word: fiber, nursery, sow

Dynamic process of wet etching using BOE solutions to control the etch rate, roughness, and surface morphology of a Z-cut α-quartz wafer

Quartz is a widely used material in the field of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) for fabricating devices such as substrates, probes, and lenses; it is also indispensable as a resonator or oscillator for frequency control in communication and network technologies. However, its development is limited because it is difficult to fabricate an ideal profile for implementation in complex structures. In practice, wet etching is the most effective and extensive method for achieving the expected structure, although dry etching and other special machining techniques have also been investigated. In this study, the dynamic wet etching process was recorded using different ratios of buffered oxide etcher (BOE) solutions as the etchant to reveal the etching mechanism. The experiments were first designed considering the fabrication of samples, experimental conditions, and measurement indicators. Subsequently, the corresponding etch rate, roughness, and surface morphology were investigated to control the process parameters during wet etching. Different etchants exhibit varying etching rates and roughness properties. A smaller proportion of hydrofluoric acid in the BOE solution results in lower etch rate, and vice versa. The roughness (Ra) in the stable stage was not completely consistent with the tendency of the etch rate, whereas the surface morphology and dimensions of the pyramids rationally complied with the roughness trend. Additionally, the results suggested that the three following stages exist during the wet etching process of the z-cut α-quartz wafer; smooth, incremental, and stable. The analysis of the dynamic wet etching process in this study is beneficial for the structural design, manufacturing, and performance of quartz MEMS devices.

Identification of a Patient Suitable for CAR-T Cell Therapy in the Outpatient Setting: A Vodcast and Case Example.

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapies targeting the CD19 antigen have been associated with high and durable response rates in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). CAR-T cell therapies are commonly administered in the inpatient setting due to the average onset of cytokine release syndrome within the first 3days post infusion, but there has been growing interest in delivering CAR-T cell therapies in the outpatient setting to overcome frequent hospital bed shortages and the high cost of inpatient care. Although this approach could improve access whilst catering to patient preference, it requires a multidisciplinary approach as well as careful patient selection. Herein, Dr. Foley and Dr. Kuruvilla discuss the case of a patient presenting with the ideal profile for CAR-T cell therapy referral whilst also determining the key attributes for eligibility from a clinician's perspective. Solutions for successful outpatient management include proper education, caregiver support, and early referral to ensure a timely infusion. In conclusion, outpatient administration of CAR-T cell therapy in patients with DLBCLs should be assessed on a case-by-case basis.A vodcast feature is available for this article.

Comparison of canine colostrum and milk using a multi-omics approach

BackgroundA mother’s milk is considered the gold standard of nutrition in neonates and is a source of cytokines, immunoglobulins, growth factors, and other important components, yet little is known about the components of canine milk, specifically colostrum, and the knowledge related to its microbial and metabolic profiles is particularly underwhelming. In this study, we characterized canine colostrum and milk microbiota and metabolome for several breeds of dogs and examined profile shifts as milk matures in the first 8 days post-whelping.ResultsThrough untargeted metabolomics, we identified 63 named metabolites that were significantly differentially abundant between days 1 and 8 of lactation. Surprisingly, the microbial compositions of the colostrum and milk, characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, were largely similar, with only two differentiating genera. The shifts observed, mainly increases in several sugars and amino sugars over time and shifts in amino acid metabolites, align with shifts observed in human milk samples and track with puppy development.ConclusionLike human milk, canine milk composition is dynamic, and shifts are well correlated with developing puppies’ needs. Such a study of the metabolic profile of canine milk, and its relation to the microbial community, provides insights into the changing needs of the neonate, as well as the ideal nutrition profile for optimal functionality. This information will add to the existing knowledge base of canine milk composition with the prospect of creating a quality, tailored milk substitute or supplement for puppies.