Ideal Mode Research Articles

The need for biopsychosocial menopause care: a narrative review.

Menopause is a reproductive transition affecting half the world's population. Stigma and limited availability of evidence-based treatments that support biopsychosocial well-being mean that this life stage is often associated with challenging symptoms and reduced quality of life (QoL). The aim of this review was to examine the extent literature on psychological and mind-body interventions to manage perimenopausal and postmenopausal symptoms, and apply an interdisciplinary clinical, research, and cultural knowledge framework to guide recommendations for improving QoL and healthy aging in this population. We also aimed to understand the ideal delivery mode for such interventions. Using Scopus, Medline, and PubMed, a review of systematic reviews, guidelines, and randomized controlled trials was undertaken to examine the use of psychological and mind-body interventions to improve menopause-related QoL and symptoms, including hot flushes, depression, anxiety, fatigue, pain, and sleep; conclusions were based on an analysis of this available evidence and linked to clinical and cultural considerations. Empirical support exists for a number of psychological and mind-body approaches to support QoL and symptoms during the menopause transition. The literature also identifies the need for menopause care that is culturally responsive.An online multimodal model of menopause care is thus recommended, incorporating evidence-based treatments (eg, cognitive behavioral therapy, yoga, hypnosis) and treatment techniques (eg, mindfulness, and education including nutrition support), as well as First Nations wisdom. We also recommend financial well-being approaches to support people undergoing menopause. Integrated, multimodal approaches should be available online to remove time, location, and healthcare access barriers, and be designed with diverse consumers to ensure equity for those underserved due to region, LGBTIQ+ assigned female at birth status, and for multicultural and First Nations people.

First access to ELM-free negative triangularity at low aspect ratio

Abstract A plasma scenario with negative triangularity (NT) shaping is achieved on MAST-U for the first time. While edge localized modes (ELMs) are eventually suppressed as the triangularity is decreased below δ ≲ − 0.06 , an extended period of H-mode operation with Type-III ELMs is sustained at less negative δ even through access to the second stability region for ideal ballooning modes is closed. This documents a qualitative difference from the ELM-free access conditions documented in NT scenarios on conventional aspect ratio machines. The electron temperature at the pedestal top drops across the transition to ELM-free operation, but a steady rise in core temperature as δ is decreased allows for similar normalized β in the ELM-free NT and H-mode positive triangularity shapes.

Benign Saturation of Ideal Ballooning Instability in a High-Performance Stellarator.

To examine the robustness of the designed 5% β limit for high-performance operation in the W7-X stellarator, we undertake nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of pressure-driven instabilities using the m3d-c1 code. Consistent with linear analyses, ideal ballooning instabilities occur as β exceeds 5% in the standard configuration. Nonetheless, the modes saturate nonlinearly at relatively low levels without triggering large-scale crashes, even though confinement degradation worsens as β increases. In contrast, in an alternative configuration with nearly zero magnetic shear, ideal interchange modes induce a pressure crash at β=1%. These results suggest that the standard W7-X configuration might have a soft β limit that is fairly immune to major MHD events, which enhances the appeal of the stellarator approach to steady-state fusion reactors.

An Improved Cascaded Boost Converter with an Ultra-High Voltage Gain Suitable for Dielectric Quality Tests

Dielectric quality tests require a high AC voltage with a frequency range of 0.0001 Hz to 1000 Hz. However, providing a high AC voltage with such a frequency variety is challenging. Providing a high DC voltage and then applying such a voltage to an inverter to adjust the frequency can be an acceptable solution for such a challenge. Notably, a high DC voltage is required for DC tests. This study proposes an improved form of the cascaded boost converter, whose merits are as follows: (i) the high voltage gain providing low duty cycles is possible; (ii) the input current is continuous, which decreases the current ripple of the input filter capacitor; (iii) the current stress of the semiconductors is less than the input current, and most of them have a large difference with it; (iv) the voltage stress of the semiconductors is less than the output voltage with a large difference; (v) only one switch with a simple drive circuit is used; (vi) the common ground of the load and input source decreases the EMI noise; (vii) besides the high voltage gain, the voltage density of the converter based on the number of inductors, capacitors, switches, diodes, and whole components is greater than that of the recently proposed converters; (viii) only two stacked connections of the proposed topology can provide a 2.6 kV voltage for a higher DC voltage test of dielectrics. The functional details of the converter are extracted in ideal and continuous conduction (CCM) modes. Moreover, the converter’s voltage gain and density are compared with the recently proposed converters to show the superiority of the proposed converter. Finally, the experimental results are presented to validate the theoretical relations in a 140 W output power.

A multi-objective collaborative planning method for a PV-powered hybrid energy system considering source-load matching

A hybrid system including photovoltaic panels, an air-source heat pump, batteries, and a hot water tank is proposed to satisfy the building’s demands. To discover the optimal energy scheduling scheme, a multi-objective two-stage planning method is developed. In the first stage, considering the seasonal fluctuations of photovoltaic power and the loads, several operation modes are designed. Moreover, the influence of objective functions with and without the energy self-consumption (SCR) and self-sufficiency rate (SSR) on the system configuration is analyzed. The second stage aims to explore the synergetic benefits with demand response, in which the hourly loads are reconstructed accounting for the municipal tariffs. The results show that when accounting for the annual cost (AC) and primary energy (PE), the ideal operation mode is as follows: favor thermal storage during periods of energy surplus and prioritize discharging electricity in winter and heat in summer in cases of insufficient power. When considering the SCR and SSR additionally, storing heat in summer with charging batteries in winter is preferred when excess energy is available. Otherwise, give priority to thermal storage. Furthermore, based on the proposed energy scheduling scheme, the AC, PE, SCR, and SSR are improved by −31.1 %, −19.4 %, +1.5 %, and +11.3 %, respectively.

Fundamental properties of ideal and resistive infernal modes in tokamaks

Infernal modes are unstable in regions of weak magnetic shear and significant pressure gradients. These modes comprise a broad class of instabilities, encompassing interchange modes and kink modes, with both short and long length scales. Toroidal effects and fully electromagnetic fields are of crucial importance for their description. The role of resistive diffusion and compressibility are also critical. In order to investigate this awkward problem while still enabling fundamental physics interpretation, a new resistive MHD eigensolver has been developed. An outcome of this study is the identification of an unstable spectrum of resistive infernal modes in regions of the plasma with weak average curvature, and in regions where the average curvature is destabilising. These fast growing modes may be collectively important for our understanding of global reconnection events, stochastic magnetic fields states, and neighbouring supercritical bifurcations.

Wheat Fusarium Head Blight Automatic Non-Destructive Detection Based on Multi-Scale Imaging: A Technical Perspective.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major threat to global wheat production. Recent reviews of wheat FHB focused on pathology or comprehensive prevention and lacked a summary of advanced detection techniques. Unlike traditional detection and management methods, wheat FHB detection based on various imaging technologies has the obvious advantages of a high degree of automation and efficiency. With the rapid development of computer vision and deep learning technology, the number of related research has grown explosively in recent years. This review begins with an overview of wheat FHB epidemic mechanisms and changes in the characteristics of infected wheat. On this basis, the imaging scales are divided into microscopic, medium, submacroscopic, and macroscopic scales. Then, we outline the recent relevant articles, algorithms, and methodologies about wheat FHB from disease detection to qualitative analysis and summarize the potential difficulties in the practicalization of the corresponding technology. This paper could provide researchers with more targeted technical support and breakthrough directions. Additionally, this paper provides an overview of the ideal application mode of the FHB detection technologies based on multi-scale imaging and then examines the development trend of the all-scale detection system, which paved the way for the fusion of non-destructive detection technologies of wheat FHB based on multi-scale imaging.

A novel semi-quadratic buck-boost structures with continuous input current for PV application

This paper recommends new design for non-isolated semi-quadratic buck/boost converter with two similar structure that includes the following features: (a) the continuous input current has made it reasonable for PV solar applications and reduced the value of the capacitors in the input filter reducing the input ripple as well as EMI problems; (b) the topology is simple, and consists of a few numbers of components; (c) the semiconductor-based components have lower current/voltage stresses in comparison with the recently recommended designs; (d) semi-quadratic voltage gain is D (2 − D) / (1 − D)2; (e) 94.6 percent from the theoretical relations and 91.8 percent from the experimental for the output power of 72W, the duty of 54.2 percent, and output voltage of 72 V are the efficiency values in boost mode; (f) 89.3 percent from the theoretical relations and 87.2 percent from the experimental for the output power of 15W, the duty of 25.8 percent, and output voltage of 15 V are the efficiency values in buck mode. One structure is the continuous output current and negative output polarity, and other structure is positive output polarity. The recommended topologies have been studied in both ideal and non-ideal modes. The continuous current mode (CCM) is the suggested mode for the proposed converters. Moreover, the requirements of CCM have been discussed. The various kinds of comparisons have been held for voltage gain, efficiency, and structural details, and the advantages of the suggested design have been presented. A small-signal analysis has been completed, and the suitable compensator has been planned. Finally, PLECS simulation results have been associated with the design considerations.

Boosting TNBC immune checkpoint blockade with an imaging-therapy coupled ozone delivery nano system

Synchronizing therapy and diagnosis is an ideal mode for clinical treatment of localized disease, e.g., tumor. Here, we develop a diagnosis-therapy coupled sonodynamic nano delivery system ZSMT which is constructed with a TiO2 embedding hollow Mn-MOF. Loaded with perfluorohexane, the ZSMT nanoparticle is not only capable for carrying ozone as a ROS donor but also endowed with double modes of imaging, namely ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. The TiO2-Mn-MOF can efficiently generate ROS by sonodynamic catalyzing ozone. Moreover, fluorescent tracer indicates the ZSMT particle can be internalized by tumor cells. With the stimulation of ultrasound, ozone carried ZSMT potently inhibits cell proliferation and promotes immunogenic cell death in vitro and in vivo by inducing a mitochondrial related cell death. Remarkably, combination of ultrasound-responsive ozone catalytic nano system and PD-1 blockade systematically suppresses the tumor growth by reprogramming the immune microenvironment. In conclusion, our sonodynamic nano system not only proves the principle of drug administration strategy on “treat-as-you-see” but also provides a combo regimen of improving PD-1 blockade with precision localized antigen boosting.

The gap between parental knowledge and children practice of myopia control and challenge under COVID-19: a web-based survey in China.

To evaluate parental knowledge of myopia control, investigate its association with children's practice and refractive status, and explore their change under the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic. In this web-based survey, a self-administered questionnaire was made online available during the COVID-19 outbreak between February 1th, 2022 and August 31th, 2022 in China. Participants were recruited via social media by convenience and snowball sampling. Parents of both sexes whose children aged between 3 and 18 were eligible. The overall questionnaire was composed of four categories: demographic information, parental knowledge of myopia, children's myopia-related behaviors and their change after the COVID-19 pandemic, and children's refractive status. SPSS version 18.0 was applied to perform the statistics analysis and p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. A total of 423 eligible families were included in our online survey. The average age of children was 11.37 ± 2.83y (male 46.1%; female 53.9%), with a myopia incidence of 83.9% (355/423). Both children's age (OR = -0.6; 95%CI = -1.12 to -0.07; p = 0.026) and family income (OR = 2.60; 95%CI = 1.13 to 4.07; p = 0.001) had independently significant impacts on parental knowledge. Unexpectedly, parental knowledge was negatively correlated with children's onset age of myopia (p = 0.002, r = -0.165) and positively correlated with spectacles wearing (p = 0.014, r = 0.131), and no correlation was found between parental knowledge and the occurrence of children myopia, current diopter, annual myopia progression and the diopter of the first glasses (all p > 0.05). We found discordance phenomenon between parents' knowledge and children's behaviors, with parental knowledge being irrelevant to children's sleeping time (p = 0.159, r = 0.069), the frequency of lying reading (p = 0.462, r = -0.036) and keeping nutrition diet (p = 0.142, r = 0.072), and positively correlated with daily homework time (p = 0.012, r = 0.123). After the outbreak of COVID-19, 77.8% (329/423) of parents admitted that their children's daily routine had been changed, with children spending more time on sleeping (p < 0.001) and electronic products (p < 0.001), and taking less time to do outdoor activities (p < 0.001). The ideal interaction mode that establishing positive impact between parental knowledge and children practice has not been reached in China, which might be the result of insufficient parents' cognition and discordance phenomenon between parental knowledge and children's behaviors. The pandemic of COVID-19 has obviously changed children's daily routine. More efforts should be made to narrow the gap between knowledge and behaviors of myopia control, and stay alert to the potential increased risk of myopia during COVID-19.

Grief and loss in Shiʿi thought: Zayn al-Dīn al-ʿĀmilī’s (d. 965/1558) Musakkin al-fuʾād

ABSTRACT Within scholarship on Islamic ethics, writings on consolation (taʿāzī) are a largely neglected genre. This article is a start on making good this scarcity in the secondary literature. It studies Zayn al-Dīn al-ʿĀmilī’s (d. 965/1558) Musakkin al-fuʾād, a treatise on the grief over the loss of a child and consolations for it. Al-ʿĀmilī’s contribution to the genre presents a Shiʿi view, inflected by a Muʿtazilī understanding of divine justice and theodicy. According to this view, divine recompense (ʿiwaḍ) is offered to the bereaved on the condition of patient resignation with appreciation of the loss in relation to the ordeal and death suffered by the fourteen ‘Infallibles’ (al-maʿṣūmīn). Al-ʿĀmilī’s disparaging outlook on the world (al-dunyā) encourages abandonment of its material attachments through ideal modes of patience (al-ṣabr) and contentment (al-riḍāʾ). Musakkin al-fuʾād imagines a system of reward and loss, calibrated to the lessons of sacred texts. I examine al-ʿĀmilī’s use of these sources, including prophetic narratives, parables, and traditions (aḥādīth), to explore their implications for an idealized expression of Muslim mourning. From these examples, the personal becomes universal, generating moral criteria for an attitude to life, and necessitating appropriately modified responses to death.

Kinetic-magnetohydrodynamic hybrid simulation of infernal modes in circular tokamak plasmas with effects of kinetic thermal ions

Effects of the kinetic thermal ions (KTIs) on ideal infernal modes and resistive infernal modes have been investigated by using magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation without KTIs and kinetic-MHD hybrid simulation with KTIs. For the ideal infernal modes, the pressure profile is significantly flattened at the saturated state for both the models with and without the KTIs. As the beta value decreases, the ideal infernal modes are stabilized while the resistive infernal modes are still unstable. For the resistive infernal modes, while the saturated pressure profile is significantly flattened in the MHD simulation without KTIs, the pressure profile is not flattened at the saturated state in the kinetic-MHD hybrid simulation with KTIs. The suppression of the saturation level by the effects of the KTIs results from the phase mismatch between the radial velocity and perturbed pressure mode structures. This indicates that KTIs play an essential role for the suppression of pressure profile flattening due to slowly growing resistive MHD instabilities.

Research on Azimuth DBF Method of HRWS SPC MAB SAR Imaging Mode with Non-Ideal Antenna Mode

Single-phase center multiple azimuth beam (SPC MAB) mode is an effective method for high-resolution wide-swath (HRWS) SAR imaging. The traditional azimuth spectrum reconstruction method for SPC MAB mode is based on the combination scheme from which fake targets along the azimuth direction arise because the inter-beam interference is not considered. When the real antenna mode is inconsistent with the ideal one, the disadvantages of the combination scheme become more serious. In this paper, based on the basic theory of the low-pass, band-limited, multiple-channel under-sampling and reconstruction, a novel digital beam-forming method is proposed for the SPC MAB imaging mode with ideal antenna mode first. The method analyzes the system functions of the sub-beams, based on which digital beam-forming filters are designed for all the sub-beams. The designed filters can reconstruct the correct wide-bandwidth azimuth spectrum and suppress the inter-beam interference simultaneously. Furthermore, the proposed method is extended to SPC MAB mode with the non-ideal antenna mode. The simulation experiments prove the validities of the proposed method both for azimuth spectral reconstruction and the inter-beams interfering suppressing, no matter that the SPC MAB’s antenna mode is ideal or non-ideal.

Research and development of innovative bidirectional control plate valve for reciprocating compressor

Currently, the reciprocating compressor valve operates on a single working principle, where the valve structure relies on the combined force of its own elasticity and gas thrust to drive the movement of the valve disc, and continues to open and close in the way of impact. Due to the defects of the conventional plate valve, such as delayed opening, premature closing, and insufficient full opening time, in combination with the self-acting valve structure and constant volume cylinder where artificial adjustment of compressed air volume is not feasible. Therefore an innovative bidirectional control plate valve has been developed in this study, which employs a linear motor to regulate the valve disc and eliminates structural components such as springs, buffer discs, and valve lift guard. Throughout the entire opening and closing cycle, precise control of the valve disc enables swift operation with prolonged full open state, minimal resistance loss, and absence of impact, vibration or rebound. Its ideal movement mode can directly and accurately achieve stepless capacity regulation. The primary suction valve of the industrial 3LW-5-8 reciprocating compressor is taken as the research subject in this paper. Fluent software is utilized to design the structural parameters of an innovative plate valve, and its feasibility and effectiveness are validated through tests conducted on an automated multi-functional experiment table and an L-type reciprocating compressor. The results demonstrate that the new valve exhibits a 21.52% increase in effective flow area compared to the conventional plate valve, along with a 3.02% increase in exhaust volume and a potential reduction of 2.32% in power consumption when replaced one of the four. Moreover, the innovative bidirectional control plate valve demonstrates precise control over high-frequency motion of the valve disc, effectively addressing inherent limitations of traditional plate valves and exhibiting promising application prospects.

Routinizing and scrutinizing: Divergent yet potentially complementary modes of valuing money's material forms

This essay contrasts and explores the complementarity between “routinizing” modes of valuation (relating money tokens to monetary value) that predominate in the contemporary global north with “scrutinizing” modes found in the past and on the periphery of more familiar forms. The former treat the relationship between pecuniary media and money value as independent from the physical condition of specific money tokens which are held to be universally fungible. By contrast, the latter foreground the characteristics of notes and coins as singularized objects that exist within and are potentially reconfigured semiotically by the workings of time upon their physical surfaces. Scrutinizing modes may in turn be divided between systems that seek pristine money tokens that elide their own historicity and those that treat wear and tear as indexical of previous instances of successful valuation. Ultimately the essay identifies three provisional ideal typical modes for practices of money's valuation. Two of these, the systems of routinization in the contemporary global north and of circulation-focal scrutinization, might be taken to be antithetical. By contrast, the third, the hybrid routinizing-scrutinizing model(s) we encounter on the peripheries of the contemporary state-money system or anywhere confidence about money's value starts to break down highlights the potential coexistence and complementarity of different monies within a single disjunctive system. Such complementarity often takes the form of routinized low value and scrutinized high value currencies, yet local, historically sedimented practices are foremost in the formation of such hybrid forms. Examples are drawn from nineteenth century America and China and from contemporary Southeast Asia.

A novel pressure transient analysis model for fracturing wells in fracture–cavity carbonate reservoirs

Large-scale karst caves are the principal storage spaces for hydrocarbon resources in fracture–cavity carbonate reservoirs. Drilling directly into these caves is considered the ideal mode of development, but many wells do not effectively penetrate karst caves. Therefore, acid fracturing is employed to generate artificial fractures that can connect with these caves. However, there are no appropriate well test methods for fracturing wells in fracture–cavity reservoirs. This study establishes a novel pressure transient analysis model for such wells. A new mathematical model is proposed that couples linear flow in acid fracturing cracks with radial flow in the oil drainage area. The Laplace transform and Stehfest numerical inversion provided analytical solutions for the bottomhole pressure. Typical log–log well testing curves were plotted to analyze oil flow, which occurs in ten stages. During the flow stage in fracturing cracks, the pressure and pressure derivative curves are parallel lines with a slope of 0.5. In the stage of karst cave storage, the pressure derivative curve is a straight line with a slope of 1. A comparison with previous models confirmed the validity of the proposed model. The influence of key parameters on the behavior of typical curves is analyzed. A field case study of the proposed model was carried out. Parameters related to fracturing cracks and karst caves, such as the crack length and cave radius, were successfully estimated. The proposed model has great potential for determining formation parameters of fracture–cavity reservoirs.

Strong light–matter interactions based on excitons and the abnormal all-dielectric anapole mode with both large field enhancement and low loss

The room temperature strong coupling between the photonic modes of micro/nanocavities and quantum emitters (QEs) can bring about promising advantages for fundamental and applied physics. Improving the electric fields (EFs) by using plasmonic modes and reducing their losses by applying dielectric nanocavities are widely employed approaches to achieve room temperature strong coupling. However, ideal photonic modes with both large EFs and low loss have been lacking. Herein, we propose the abnormal anapole mode (AAM), showing both a strong EF enhancement of ∼70-fold (comparable to plasmonic modes) and a low loss of 34 meV, which is much smaller than previous records of isolated all-dielectric nanocavities. Besides realizing strong coupling, we further show that by replacing the normal anapole mode with the AAM, the lasing threshold of the AAM-coupled QEs can be reduced by one order of magnitude, implying a vital step toward on-chip integration of nanophotonic devices.

Investigation of the effect of ultrasonic vibration on the performance of the friction drilling by FEM simulation

The friction drilling process is very important in various industries such as automotive, aerospace, and oil and gas industries. Therefore, they have always sought to find methods to improve this process. One of these methods is to optimize the application of ultrasonic vibrations in the process, and limited research has been done in this regard. The current research aims to investigate the effect of ultrasonic vibrations simultaneously with the parameters of drilling on the friction drilling process to optimize this process with the help of finite element simulation. Due to the nature of the complex transformations of the process, a Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian model of the process was first created in the Abaqus software. Then, the process simulation was carried out in the presence and absence of ultrasonic vibrations. Rotational speed, feed rate, and amplitude of vibrations are the influencing parameters, and sheet temperature and axial force, and torque applied to the tool are the parameters investigated in this research. The results show that higher rotation speed and lower feed rate lead to a reduction of axial force and torque. Also, the application of ultrasonic vibration reduces up to 50.48% the axial force and up to 46.67% torque, and this reduction is improved by increasing the range of vibrations. The optimal mode was selected After analyzing 12 different modes based on the lowest amount of axial force and torque on the pin. It was found that the ideal mode occurs at a feed rate of 4.23 m/s and a rotation speed of 3000 rpm, with a 20-µm range. These findings and optimizing drilling parameters bring new horizons in material bonding techniques in various industries.

Topological valley mode separation of elastic waves and potential applications

Topological metamaterials in condensed matter systems have shown significant potential for information and energy applications due to their novel wave propagation behaviors. Recently, there has been an increasing focus on studying topological metamaterials in classical wave systems. Elastic waves, as full-vector classical waves, possess more intricate mechanical characteristics compared to sound waves and electromagnetic waves. This complexity not only offers diverse practical application possibilities but also presents notable research challenges in the field of topological metamaterials. In this study, our main objective is to achieve the ideal mode separation of elastic waves, specifically separated into the in-plane and out-of-plane components, and explore its potential applications. Firstly, we design phononic crystals with dual Dirac cones. Through geometric perturbation, we successfully separate the valley Hall phases of in-plane and out-of-plane modes. By superimposing different topological phases, we achieve three types of topological edge states: in-plane waves, out-of-plane waves, and hybrid waves. Combining these different topological edge states enables us to effectively separate the elastic waves into in-plane and out-of-plane components. Furthermore, we investigate the potential application of mode separation in energy harvesting. We achieve the energy localization of different wave modes based on the topological whispering-gallery mode. Additionally, by utilizing piezoelectric materials, we realize the subregional energy harvesting of in-plane and out-of-plane modes. The mechanical properties resulting from mode separation and topological whispering-gallery mode hold great potential for signal filtering and energy storage, thereby opening up new possibilities for controlling and utilizing elastic waves in various engineering scenarios.

Clinical applications of diode lasers in dentistry - Case series with review of literature

In the realm of dentistry, lasers make it possible to administer numerous treatment modalities more effectively, leading to successful outcomes in the majority of cases. Numerous applications of lasers in general practice and implantology have been shown to be more efficient than traditional ones. Dental professionals are better able to choose the ideal wavelength and mode for various patients during clinical procedures when they have a complete understanding of lasers, their features, and mechanisms of action. Lasers have been used in a variety of therapeutic modalities, including pain management, the removal of soft tissue lesions, crown lengthening, sulcus uncovering operations in implantology, etc. This article shows the application of diode lasers successfully in various dental treatment procedures.