ID Index Research Articles

Impacts of marine cloud brightening scheme on climatic extremes in the Tibetan Plateau

Abstract As an ecologically fragile plateau and major water source in Asia, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has grown warmer over recent decades, contributing to frequent occurrence of extreme climate events. It is urgently needed to find a suitable option to mitigate climate change impacts in the TP. The marine cloud brightening (MCB) scheme is proposed to mitigate global warming through the increasing cloud droplet number concentration of low marine clouds to reflect some solar radiation back into space. Until now, impacts of MCB scheme on the TP have not been investigated. In this study, we utilized 13 Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices to assess the evolution of climate extremes over the TP with/without MCB implementation. We found that although the MCB is implemented over ocean only, it would cause significant changes on climate extremes in the TP which is very far from oceans and much higher than sea level. During 2030–2059, MCB implementation can decrease warm temperature extremes, leading to a significant decrease in the TXx index by 6–18°C, the TX90p index by 15–45 days, and the TN90p index by 15–50 days. MCB implementation would also have some cooling effects on cold temperature extremes, leading to an increase in the ID index by 30–80 days, the TX10p index by 22–32 days, and the TN10p index by about 12 days and a decrease in the TNn index by 0.5–1.5°C. Although MCB implementation would not have much impacts on precipitation extremes, it would significantly increase the area of the region with <10% drought frequency, and increase the drought intensity in the west of Lhasa city.

Revisiting the Index to Measure Maqas¯ . id al-Shar¯ı‘ah Oriented Performance of Islamic Banks: Evidence from Pakistan

In the context of fulfillment of maq¯as. id al-Shar¯ı‘ah, Islamic banks’ performance has been measured by some researchers by adding many dimensions and elements to the five objectives of Shar¯ı‘ah, and resultantly many indices have been developed. However, these dimensions and elements are either not comprehensive, or not relevant. The objective of the present study is to provide an improved maq¯as. id al-Shar¯ı‘ah oriented performance index that includes all the five objectives of Ghazali’s theory of maq¯as. id al-Shar¯ı‘ah, namely protection of faith, life, intellect, family and wealth. Additionally, the present study proposed more reflective measures to assess maq¯as. id oriented performance including share of financing based on non-controversial modes and percentage of value added that is distributed to various stakeholders. The study applied Sekaran’s behavior science method and applied social accounting concept of value added statement and service profit chain as a logic to develop maq¯as. id index which is later on validated through experts’ interviews. In addition, the study has also applied the proposed index using eight years data (2010-2017) from full-fledged Islamic banks of Pakistan to assess their maq¯as. id oriented performance. The findings reveal that only protection of intellect oriented performance of Islamic banks is improving whereas other maq¯as. id oriented performances are deteriorating.

Pbsx: A practical private boolean search using Intel SGX

Searchable encryption enables private keyword search over encrypted data held on an untrusted cloud. However, existing searchable encryption schemes promise search efficiency at the expense of additional privacy leakage or expensive storage overhead. Intel SGX is a promising tool to allow efficient and private keyword search. However, since the size of enclave created by SGX is limited, frequent sensitive-page swaps between the enclave and the untrusted memory cause severe performance degradation for large datasets. Moreover, SGX does not protect against access pattern leakages which are vulnerable to statistical inference attacks.To overcome the above problems, we present Pbsx, an efficient private boolean searchable encryption scheme using Intel SGX. Pbsx firstly analyzes and chooses the suitable index data structures (e.g. bitmap and bloom filter tree) for private boolean search in the context of Intel SGX. Pbsx then combines these index data structures with oblivious random access machine (ORAM) schemes to design oblivious index data structures (e.g. oblivious bitmap and oblivious bloom filter tree), such that it could provide storage efficiency without suffering from access pattern leakages. Since the direct composition of the index data structures and the ORAM schemes is extremely costly for search operations, we design auxiliary data structures (e.g. map table and id index tree) to mitigate the efficiency barrier. Based on these oblivious index data structures, we propose oblivious search algorithms which can achieve a worst-case sub-linear search time. We implement Pbsx and evaluate the performance of our constructions with various metrics. Comparing with previous schemes, the results indicate that Pbsx can achieve a 5~12x speed-up for the million-level dataset and a 13~51x speed-up for the small dataset. In addition, Pbsx also achieves less access pattern leakages.

Using the object ID index as an investigative approach for NTFS file systems

When investigating an incident it is important to document user activity, and to document which storage device was connected to which computer. We present a new approach to documenting user activity in computer systems using the NTFS file system by using the $ObjId Index to document user activity, and to correlate this index with the corresponding records in the MFT table. This may be the only possible approach when investigating external NTFS storage devices, and is hence a valuable addition to the storage forensics toolbox.

Privacy Preserving in Association Rules Mining with VPA Algorithm

A VPA algorithm is proposed to mining the association rules in the privacy preserving data mining, where data is vertically partitioned. The VSS protocol was used to encrypt the vertically data, which was owned by different parties. And the private comparing protocol was adopted to generate the frequent itemset. In VPA the ID numbers of the recordings were employed to keep the consistency of the data among different parties, which were saved in ID index array. The VPA algorithm can generate association rules without violating the privacy. The performance of the scheme is validated against representative real and synthetic datasets. The results reveal that the VPA algorithm can do the same in finding frequent itemset and generating the consistent rules, as it did in Apriori algorithm, in which the data were vertically partitioned and totally encrypted.

A Data Transform Model for Intelligent Substation and Production Management System Device Online Monitoring

Online monitoring is the precondition to achieve state maintenance and lifecycle management in power grid. Also, effective data transform model is the basis of online monitoring. We propose a data transform model for intelligent substation and PMS device online monitoring based on analyzing Standards of intelligent substation and State Grid. The PMS data are classified and compared with data model of IEC 61850 Standard. With methods of tag mapping and ID index we achieve the data conversion between intelligent substation and PMS.

Simplified Method to Include Cumulative Damage in the Seismic Response of Single-Degree-of-Freedom Systems

In this paper a consistent method including damage criteria in the seismic response of single-degree-of-freedom systems is proposed. The method allows the determination of suitably modified strength or displacement inelastic spectra through the introduction of an equivalent damage factor pdam that accounts for earthquake damage potential; analogously capacity spectra could be obtained. Three types of damage indices are considered (Park and Ang index DP&A , energy index DE , and low-cycle fatigue index DF ) and derivation of pdam is pursued for all these cases. Moreover approximate simplified expressions in the function of Cosenza and Manfredi seismological ID index, which accounts for cyclic damage potential of an earthquake, are also proposed. In this way damage capacity spectra are obtained to improve the seismic assessment of existing structures including damage effect.

Proteome-wide Prediction of Signal Flow Direction in Protein Interaction Networks Based on Interacting Domains

Signal flow direction is one of the most important features of the protein-protein interactions in signaling networks. However, almost all the outcomes of current high-throughout techniques for protein-protein interactions mapping are usually supposed to be non-directional. Based on the pairwise interaction domains, here we defined a novel parameter protein interaction directional score and then used it to predict the direction of signal flow between proteins in proteome-wide signaling networks. Using 5-fold cross-validation, our approach obtained a satisfied performance with the accuracy 89.79%, coverage 48.08%, and error ratio 16.91%. As an application, we established an integrated human directional protein interaction network, including 2,237 proteins and 5,530 interactions, and inferred a large amount of novel signaling pathways. Directional protein interaction network was strongly supported by the known signaling pathways literature (with the 87.5% accuracy) and further analyses on the biological annotation, subcellular localization, and network topology property. Thus, this study provided an effective method to define the upstream/downstream relations of interacting protein pairs and a powerful tool to unravel the unknown signaling pathways.

Clustering concept and QoS constraints in dense mobile ad hoc networks

In mobile ad hoc networks, many routing protocols use broadcast mechanism to find route whereas one of the wireless network challenges is the bandwidth optimisation. This mechanism increases the control overhead and consumes bandwidth and energy. The overhead penalty increases with the density and the network size. Thus is important to reduce the number of participants in that mechanism. One of the used solutions consists of determining clusterheads nodes. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for choosing clusterheads (SRCAC). Each node in the network broadcasts its ID, status and election index. The election index is a combination of potentiality index and stability index. The potentiality index is a linear combination of the mobile resources like processor speed, RAM and ROM memories. The stability index shows the cluster life time. Then, we use SRCAC to build clusters. We suggest a backup clusterhead which could become the principal clusterhead when the first breaks down. To improve the reliability of interclusters communications, we build a mesh between gateway and distributed gateway. Moreover, we introduce Quality of Service (QoS) constraints in the ODMRP (On Demand Multicast Routing Protocol) mobility prediction version.We compare our algorithm with the WCA (Weighted Clustering Algorithm for Mobile Ad hoc Networks) algorithm in terms of clusterheads. The results show that our algorithm performs better than the WCA and, finally, the deterioration of the performances imposed by the constraints on this ODMRP version is unimportant.

Reversible watermarking resistant to cropping attack

A reversible digital watermarking scheme based on a blockwise difference expansion (DE) method is proposed here. The proposed scheme differs from previous ones in its robustness against cropping and collage attacks. In order to easily detect the correct cropped position for a cropped image, a locating pattern is embedded into the carrier image by a modified patchwork algorithm. Incurred overhead, payload, and authentication information are then collected and embedded into the carrier image by a blockwise DE method. Within the proposed scheme, image ID and block index also serve as parts of the inputs to the hash function. This endows the scheme with capability in resisting collage attacks. The experimental results show that the scheme can achieve a good robustness against cropping attacks as well as collage attacks.

Cumulative demand of the earthquake ground motions in the near source

AbstractIn this paper the effects of near‐fault earthquakes are investigated through the study of parameters related to both input energy and plastic cycles demand. Based on the results of two different regression analyses performed with 128 near‐fault and 122 far‐field registrations, respectively, the Cosenza and Manfredi adimensional Id index was found to be the best seismological parameter correlated to the number n and amplitude m of plastic cycles in the vicinity of the source as well as far from it. Analytical formulations for n,m and for the equivalent number of plastic cycles neq are proposed for near‐fault and far‐field regions. The study of Id and neq shows the tendency of such parameters to increase as the distance increases. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A further refinement of the reliable change (RC) index by improving the pre-post difference score: Introducing RC ID

The development of methods for demonstrating clinical (in addition to statistical) significance has been referred to as one of the major advances in outcome research. In a recent article, Speer (1992; Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 402–408) suggested that the Reliable Change (RC) Index neglects possible confounding of improvement rate estimates by regression to the mean, to which latter's existence he concludes when a negative correlation between initial score and amount of change is observed. Speer (1992) proposed an alternative method that incorporates an adjustment which minimizes this confound when statistical regression has been empirically shown to be present. In the present paper, it is argued that both the rationale for arriving at this alternative method and the method itself are erroneous. Introducing RC id , the present authors provide a modification and refinement of the RC Index by improving the pre-post difference score, taking into account regression to the mean due to measurement unreliability. Further advantages of the RC id Index are briefly discussed.

Strawberry Cultivar Evaluation Using Mathematical Indices

Three mathematical indices were developed to estimate: a) potential for early dollar return or early ripening (IE), b) concentrated cropping (IC), and deviation or similarity of a genotype to known cultivars (ID). Early ripening genotypes with high yield early in the season will have larger IE values than late genotypes with lower yield early in the season. Genotypes with few harvests will have larger IC values than those requiring several harvests. The ID index helps to identify and group genotypes with similar characteristics. These indices condense large numbers of values or arrays of traits into single index values, thereby simplifying genotype comparisons.

Mathematical Indices for Comparing Small Fruit Crops for Harvest Time and Trait Similarity

Three mathematical indices were developed to estimate: 1) potential for early dollar return or early ripening (IE), 2) concentrated cropping (IC), and 3) deviation or similarity of a genotype to known cultivars (ID). Early ripening genotypes with high yield early in the season will have larger IE values than late genotypes with lower yield early in the season. Genotypes with few harvests will have larger IC values than those requiring several harvests. The ID index helps to identify and group genotypes with similar characteristics. These indices condense numerous values or arrays of traits into single index values, thereby simplifying genotype comparisons.

Quantitated fetal heart rhythm at 20, 32 and 38 weeks of gestation and dependence on rest-activity patterns

Quantitative parameters of fetal heart rate (FHR) were automatically analysed at 20, 32 and 38 weeks of pregnancy. FHR was obtained both by the fetal ECG method and by wide range Doppler ultrasound with autocorrelation. At 32 and 38 weeks, FHR was studied in relation to fetal rest-activity according to the fetal behavioural state concept (coincidence 1F and 2F). Basal fetal heart rate was significantly higher at 20 weeks of gestation than at 32 and 38 weeks. The number of accelerations increased significantly from 20 weeks to 32 and 38 weeks for C2F periods. Parameters of FHR variability, i.e. ID, ABB, LTI indices and bandwidth, were higher during periods C2F compared to periods C1F. Lowest values of all four parameters were found at 20 weeks gestation. The ID index, which is a measure of short-term variability increased significantly between 32 to 38 (C2F). The absolute values of ID, ABB and LTI were lower for ultrasound recordings than for the fetal ECG.

Analysis of heart rate and beat-to-beat variability: Interval difference index

The relationship between the RR interval length (RR) and the RR interval-to-interval differences (RR differences) was investigated. Data on heart rate were obtained from 11 newborn infants in well-defined behavioral states undergoing polygraphy. It was found that the RR differences were strongly dependent on the RR interval length in all behavioral states. The relationship between the RR differences (y) and the interval length (RR) could be described by the equation y = α(RR-320)1.5 for the interval length in the investigated range from 375 to 605 msec. On the basis of this relationship the interval difference index (ID index) was constructed for the quantification of beat-to-beat heart rate variability. The ID index showed good independence from the long-term irregularity index (LTI index). Other statistical parameters proposed for the quantification of beat-to-beat heart rate variability are discussed and compared with the ID index.

Heart rate as an indicator of the behavioral state: Studies in the newborn infant and prospects for fetal heart rate monitoring

Term healthy newborn infants underwent polygraphy between days 4 and 6 of life. Behavioral states were determined according to Prechtl's criteria. The neonatal heart rate was analyzed for the various behavioral states, with the use of quantitative indices for long-term and short-term irregularity. The applied indices were, respectively, the long-term irregularity index (LTI index) and the interval difference index (ID index). During state 1 the R-R interval length was longer (p < 0.01), the LTI index lower (p < 0.01), and the ID index higher (p < 0.02) than in the immediately preceding or following state 2. For nonconsecutive states 1 and 2 a maximum separation was obtained with the discriminant function 0.0159 RR − 0.065 LTI + 0.062 ID − 7.49. This discriminant function gave a total percentage of correct classification for states 1 and 2 epochs of 93%. The data are discussed with respect to the presence of cycling sleep states in the newborn infant as well as in the fetus. Prospects for fetal antepartum heart rate monitoring are considered.

The effect of diazepam administration during pregnancy or labor on the heart rate variability of the newborn infant

Maternal diazepam medication during labor reduces beat-to-beat variability of the fetal heart rate. In this study, the prolongation of the effect was examined in the newborn. The mother received diazepam: (A) during labor as a tranquilizer, (B) daily in low doses at the end of pregnancy, or (C) in high doses i.v. for (pre-)eclampsia. A control group had no analgesic or sedative during pregnancy or labor. The electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded daily from each newborn during the first 6 days after birth. After preprocessing of the ECG, the median R-R interval, the long-term irregularity index (LTI index) and the interval difference index (ID index) were calculated. A cubic spline interpolation method was applied to compare the various groups with respect to these heart rate parameters. The median R-R interval showed no particular differences in trend for all groups. The LTI index was decreased in the first days after birth in the chronic diazepam (B), and in the diazepam infusion groups (C), but statistical significance was not reached. The ID index was significantly decreased in the first 1-2 days in the newborns of the acute and chronic diazepam group. In the diazepam infusion group, an even longer lasting effect was observed. Maternal diazepam medication affects the beat-to-beat variability in the newborn. The duration of the effect is dependent on dosage and route of administration.

Biology of the pulp and its defense

To evaluate the response of dental pulp to inflammation (I) and secondary dentin formation (D), an ID index was proposed and utilized in experimental studies involving 166 human noncarious teeth. Cavity preparation and filling materials were used as the exciting factors. Subjects studied included range of pulpal response, sequence of events in pulpal response, pulpal response to the cutting of dentin, influence of cavity depth on pulpal response, and influence of age of the patient on pulpal response. The biology of the pulp is discussed in terms of its histophysiology and its experimental response.