Icant Differences Research Articles

Blickrichtungsabhängige Visusbestimmung bei korrekt und falsch zentrierten asphärischen Einstärkenbrillengläsern

Purpose. To investigate the effect on visual acuity of dis- regarding the centre of rotation requirement when using single vision aspheric lenses for correction of moderate to high hyperopes. Material and Methods. Two aspheric single vision lenses are fitted in each eye of 15 hyperopic subjects. One lens is exactly centred, the other lens is horizontally decentrated five milli- metres temporally. The interpolated LogMAR is then deter- mined in five different directions of gaze. The extent to which the LogMAR achieved differs between the lens with the observed centre of rotation requirement and the disregarded centre of rotation requirement in the individual directions of gaze is then examined. In addition, the influence of age is investigated. The results of the sub-samples “Age < 50 years” and “Age ≥ 50 years” are analysed descriptively. A clinically significant difference is defined as half a visual acuity level (corresponds to 0.05 LogMAR). Results. Significant differences in LogMAR between exact and incorrect centring could be determined for 30° nasal gaze (-0.09 LogMAR) and for 0° gaze through the lens (-0.07 LogMAR). Visual acuity was better with the precisely centred lens in each case. When testing for differences in LogMAR between the defined age-dependent subsamples, no signif- icant differences could be determined. Conclusion. The results show that the aberrations astigma- tism of oblique bundles and the image field curvature with the resulting deviation from refractive accuracy have less influence on visual acuity than previously assumed. Keywords spectacle lens centration, aspheric single vision lenses, centre of rotation requirement, astigmatism of oblique incidence, refractive accuracy

3D-Printed Tourniquets Used at the Battlefront in Ukraine: A Pilot Study.

The war in Ukraine urged a need for prompt deliv- erance and resupply of tourniquets to the front. Producing tour- niquets near the battlefront was a feasible option with respect to resupply and cost. A locally produced 3D-printed tourniquet (Ukrainian model) from the "Tech Against Tanks" charity was tested against commercially available and Committee of Tactical Combat Casualty Care (CoTCCC)- recommended tourniquets (C-A-T™ and SOF™TT-W). We tested how well the tourniquets could hold pressure for up to 2 hours. A Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences between the groups (p<.05). Post-hoc testing revealed a signif- icant difference between the C-A-T and the Ukrainian tourni- quet (p=.004). A similar significance was not found between the SOF™TT-W Wide and the Ukrainian model (p=.08). Dis- cussion: The Ukrainian model can hold pressure as well as the commercially available tourniquets. There is much value if this can be produced close to the battlefield. Factors including lo- gistics, cost, and self-sufficiency are important during wartime. We found that our sample of 3D-printed tourni- quets, currently used in the war in Ukraine, could maintain pressure as well as the commercially available tourniquets. In- deed, our tests demonstrated that it could maintain a signifi- cantly higher pressure.

Bilateral superficial cervical plexus block with conscious sedation for thyroid surgery

Total thyroidectomy can safely be performed by bilateral superficial cervical plexus blockade which is a regional anesthetic technique to anaesthetize superficial branches of the anterior primary rami of cervical 3-5 spinal nerves. Conscious sedation with this anesthetic technique enhance safe and faster recovery compared to general anesthesia (GA) with endotracheal intubation which is traditionally employed technique for thyroidectomy. This randomized active control trial was conducted in the department of Anaesthesia, Analgesia and Intensive care medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from January to December 2018 to compare perioperative outcome between bilateral superficial cervical plexus blockade and GA technique during total thyroidectomy. Total 60 patients of American Society of Anesthesiol- ogists Classification grade I and II who were selected for thyroidectomy were randomly divided into Group-A(n=30) and Group-B (n=30). Group A received with 0.5% bupivacaine and 1% lignocaine; and group B received general anesthesia during total thyroidectomy. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure mean arterial blood pressure , oxygen satura- tion (SPO2) were recorded and compared between the groups. Operative site bleeding, surgeon’s satisfaction &amp; post operative pain were measured with Boezaart Scoring system, Likert scale &amp; visual analogue scale repectively; and compared between two groups. During induction, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were high in group B and reduced in group A which were statistically significant. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was significantly reduced in Group-A in comparison to Group-B after 5 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes and at the end of operation. Bilateral superficial cervical plexus blockade reduced pain more effective- ly than GA group &amp; it was statistically significant. Mean value of bleeding score were also statis- tically significant in Group-A. Regarding surgeons’ satisfaction, there was no statistically signif- icant difference between the groups. Bilateral superficial cervical plexus block with conscious sedation provided better outcome in terms of perioperative hemodynamics, pain and surgical site bleeding compared to general anaesthesia. BSMMU J 2021; 14(4): 104-108

Soil organic carbon and particulate carbon in water in riparian systems under different land use

Overexploitation of hydric resources and lack knowledge of interactions between riparian vegetation, water and soil, generates loss of environmental services and ecological degradation in many mountainous riparian environments. In order to characterizing riparian-soils and non-riparian soils, soil organic carbon content and particulate carbon was evaluated as ecological degradation indicators and also degree of association between physical and chemical water properties with those of riparian soils. Twenty sites were selected in lotic systems between 1900-3900 m on slopes Western in Iztaccíhuatl-Popocatépetl National-Park and influence zone. Also variability soil organic carbon content was evaluated at 1 and 5 m from stream (riparian soils) and also at more than 5 m from river (non-riparian soils) in different types of land use. Results showed signif icant relationships between soil organic carbon, electrical conductivity, pH, total nitrogen and available phosphorus with water properties (temperature, pH, conductivity, nitrates, ammonia, total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand and particulate organic carbon). An inverse relationship was observed between soil organic carbon content of with particulate organic carbon, nitrates and nitrites, conductivity and dissolved oxygen. No signif icant differences were found in riparian-soils organic carbon (1 and 5 m), but there were signif icant differences in non-riparian soils organic carbon. Both soil organic carbon and water organic carbon particulate contents showed signif icant differences with respect to land use. Organic carbon contents in preserved riparian soils were higher than 240 Mg SOC ha-1 but in riparian-soils of degraded sites almost f ifty times smaller (5 Mg SOC ha-1).

Changes in electrolyte concentrations and hydration status in endurance horses following transport and an overnight stay prior to competition.

To evaluate changes in electrolyte concentrations and hydration status that take place in endurance horses prior to the start of a competition and determine whether these changes would be associated with elimination. 19 horses entered in the 2016 Tevis Cup 100-Miles (160 km) One-Day Western States Trail Ride. Heparinized blood samples were collected at 5 time points: prior to transport to the ride (T0), during check-in the day before the ride (T1), 1 to 2 hours before the start of the ride (T2), at the 15-km mark (T3), and at the 55-km mark (T4). Packed cell volume and plasma sodium, potassium, chloride, urea nitrogen, glucose, bicarbonate, and total protein concentrations were determined and compared across time points and between finishers and nonfinishers. Signif icant differences were detected among plasma sodium, potassium, and urea nitrogen concentrations measured prior to the start of the ride (ie, T0, T1, and T2). For all variables except chloride and bicarbonate concentrations, significant differences were detected between values obtained prior to the start of the ride and values obtained during the ride (ie, T3 and T4). Only bicarbonate concentration at the 15-km mark of the ride was significantly associated with finishing status. Results suggested that significant changes in plasma sodium, potassium, and urea nitrogen concentrations can occur in endurance horses during transport to a competition and when horses are stabled overnight before an event. Additionally, a lower bicarbonate concentration following a steep climb early during the ride was associated with subsequent elimination.

Importance of Midwifery Care in the Prevention of Postpartum Depression

Introduction. This article focuses on the importance of mid- wife care for women in the puerperium period for the preven- tion of postpartum depression. This care is mostly preventive; therefore, education occupies an important place. Using ap- propriate education and preventive strategies, many compli- cations or problems, such as postpartum depression, can be minimized or recognized in time. Methodology: The research method was acontrolled nursing experiment. The essence was to compare two different groups and find to what extent the care of amidwife contributes to the prevention of postpartum depression. The experimental group consisted of 100 women with the care of amidwife in the puer- perium period, where three visits took place during the puerperium period, throughout which the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale EPDS was used to assess mental health. The control group consisted of 100 women without the care of amidwife in the puerperium period. Aquestionnaire was sent to these women at the end of the sixth week, along with an EPDS scale. Results:Astatistically significant correlation was found be- tween the risk of postpartum depression and problems with neonatal care (p = 0.016). There was also astatistically signif- icant difference in the incidence of problems with newborn care according to the presence of amidwife (p = 0.005) and midwifery care in the area of breastfeeding (p = 0.049). The distribution of the results of the EPDS scale did not differ sta- tistically significantly (p = 0.775) depending on the care of amidwife. Conclusion:The results showed that the care of amidwife leads to the prevention of health complications in women in the puerperium period. The care of amidwife does not lead to the identification of postpartum depression more often, but symptoms are recognized earlier, and treatment is started. Amidwife's care can also reduce the predisposition to postpar- tum depression. Women attended to by a midwife showed fewer problems with breastfeeding or newborn care, which are two of the predictors of postpartum depression risks.

Prevalence and factors associated with self medication with antibiotics among University students in Moshi Kilimanjaro Tanzania.

Self medication is a common practice of using medicines without a medical supervision by the people themselves. Self medication is likely to happen when people feel unwell, it is worse in the population with poor helth seeking behavior. Therefore it is important to assess the prevalence and factors associated with self medication with antibiotics among University students in Moshi, Kilimanjaro Tanzania. A cross sectional study was conducted from April-August 2019 at two Universities in Moshi, including one medical and one non medical. The study population were undergraduate students aged 18 and above, A self-filled questionnaire was used for data collection and data analyzed using the SPSS version 16 and association was tested using chi square. Out 374 students enrolled 187 from each University, 126 were female and 248 were male with age ranging from 19 to 35 years with mean age of 23.91 years. The prevalence of self medication with antibiotics was 57% and the most common used antibiotics was amoxicillin with prevalence of 32.08%. The common reported symptoms/diseases were headache (31.02%) followed by malaria and coughing with prevalence of 15.24% and 10.96% respectively. The commonest reasons of self medication reported to be emergency illness (38.77%) and delaying of hospital services (24.33%). The commonest effects reported among respondents which practiced self medication with antibiotics were worsening of the condition that they were suffering in (4.55%) and body rashes (2.67). There was no significant difference between self medication practices among medical and non medical students(p = 0.676). The prevalence of self medication with antibiotics was high among University students and there is no significant difference in both medical and non medical students. The most feared outcome on self medication with antibiotics is antibiotic drug resistance which leads to treatment failure along with high financial costs and increase mortality rate following microbial infections.

Comparing the effects of green tea/ green coffee bean extracts and chlorhexidine gluconate on salivary Streptococcus mutants count in children with early childhood caries

Dental caries is known as a major oral health problem induced by Streptococcus . and Lactobacillus as primary contributing microorganisms responsible for this condition. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Green tea/ Green coffee Bean Extracts and Chlorhexidine Gluconate on Streptococcus mutans count. The study was conducted among 90 preschool children aged from 4 to 6 years. Statistical analysis was done using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Friedman test, Chi-square test, paired sample t-test, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Mann-Whitney U test at a signi icance level of 0.05. The results demonstrated a signi icant difference in the mean of salivary S. mutans count after administration of CHG (p-value=0.001) and GT (p-value=0.02) between three different times. The study results indicate the bene icial effects of Green Tea/ Green Coffee Bean extracts and Chlorhexidine Gluconate on salivary Strepto- coccus mutans count.

Diversidad de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares asociados a calabaza italiana (Cucurbita pepo L.) bajo acolchado plástico en campo.

Las comunidades microbianas tienen efectos sobre el crecimiento y productividad de los cultivos. Sin embargo, se pueden ver afectadas por diversas prácticas agrícolas. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la diversidad de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) asociados al cultivo de calabaza italiana establecido en campo bajo acolchado plástico. Se evaluó la colonización, riqueza, abundancia, e índice de diversidad micorrízica en ocho tratamientos: V (vermicomposta), APB (acolchado plástico blanco), APB+V; APR (acolchado plástico rojo), APR+V; APN (acolchado plástico negro), APN+V y C (control = sin vermicomposta y acolchado plástico), distribuidos en un diseño de bloques al azar de efectos aleatorios en arreglo factorial, y las interacciones vermicomposta (con y sin vermicomposta), acolchado (sin acolchar, con APR, APB, APN) y ciclo de cultivo invierno-primavera (I-P) y verano-otoño (V-O) con tres repeticiones. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el software Statistica v. 12.0 para Windows. Tras comprobar la distribución normal de los datos y la homogeneidad de las varianzas, se realizaron análisis de varianza multifactorial y las medias se compararon según el criterio de Tukey (α = 0.05). Para colonización micorrízica y riqueza el ANOVA mostró diferencias signif icativas (P ≤ 0.05) por efecto de la vermicomposta, el acolchado plástico y el ciclo de cultivo. En la abundancia relativa de HMA, el número de esporas de Acaulospora morrowiae fue el más alto en el tratamiento APN (37.0%) del ciclo I-P, y la misma predisposición natural ocurrió en el ciclo V-O, donde A. morrowiae fue la morfoespecie predominante (50%) en el tratamiento APN. En índice de diversidad solo influyeron los factores vermicomposta y acolchado plástico. Se identif icaron 21 morfoespecies en V-O y solo 12 en I-P, y se constató que el APN afectó a los HMA en todas las variables evaluadas.

Clinical Application of Intravenous Thrombolysis in Transient Ischemic Attack and Ischemic Stroke Guided by Multimodal MRI

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of intravenous thrombolysis on TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) under the guidance of multimodal MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), and the clinical application of intravenous thrombolysis in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods: Patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent intravenous thrombolysis in the Department of Neurology from December 2017 to December 2018 were selected. Through CT (computed tomography) screening, 146 patients that met the diagnostic criteria were eventually included. Patients were randomly divided into group A (72 patients) and group B (74 patients). Patients in group A received antiplatelet therapy within 24 h after intravenous thrombolytic therapy for 10 days. The platelet therapy was discontinued when symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) occurred or NIHSS score was ≥4. In group B, after intravenous thrombolysis and antiplatelet therapy, multimodal MRI was used to detect the presence of hemorrhage and other conditions to determine whether to continue the antiplatelet therapy. The NIHSS scores before and after thrombolysis and the 90-day mRS scores after thrombolysis were collected for statistical analysis. Results: The experimental results of each group of patients showed that there was a signif- icant difference in NIHSS scores at admission and 6 h after thrombolysis (P &lt; 0.05). The 30-day mRS score, 90-day mRS score, and prognosis were statistically significant in both groups. The differences in NIHSS scores at 6 h, 24 h, 7 d, and 14 d after thrombolysis and at admission were 1, 1.6, 1.8, and 2.8, which were statistically significant. A comparison of the prognosis of the two groups of patients with hemorrhage 24 h after thrombolysis revealed that the hemorrhage of each patient was improved. Conclusion: In the treatment of ischemic stroke diseases, the utilization of multimodal MRI in clinical intravenous thrombolytic therapy was valuable, which was very sensitive to the detection and display of blood focus. Also, in the selection of treatment methods for clinical thrombolysis in stroke patients, the targeted treatment could be better individualized for each patient.

Respuesta del cultivo de maíz a la bio-inoculación y fertilización química reducida en campo

El efecto de los microorganismos del suelo suele ser de gran transcendencia ecológica y económica en los sistemas de producción agrícola. Por ello se estimó la respuesta agrobiológica de la inoculación o coinoculación de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA), rizobacterias (Azospirillum brasilense, Ab) y dosis reducida de fertilizante inorgánico (FI) en el cultivo de maíz (Zea mays L.) en campo. El experimento se realizó en el campo experimental “La Bandera” ubicado en el municipio de Actopan, Veracruz, México, los tratamientos fueron: T1: (Manejo tradicional del productor, MT), T2: (inoculación de los HMA), T3: (inoculación de Ab), T4: (coinoculación de HMA + Ab), T5: (inoculación de HMA + 50% FI), T6: (inoculación de Ab+50% FI y T7: (coinoculación de HMA + Ab + 50% FI). Las variables registradas fueron altura de la planta (cm), largo y ancho de la hoja bandera (cm), diámetro del tallo (mm), porcentaje de colonización micorrízica arbuscular, unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC) y producción total de granos de maíz (kg). Dichas variables se analizaron mediante un análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y la prueba LSD de Fisher con un nivel de signif icación del 5% (α = 0.05) fue utilizada para la comparación de medias. El ANOVA reveló signif icación estadística entre los tratamientos (LSD a P ≤ 0.05) para las variables altura, largo y ancho de la hoja bandera, con incrementos de 75.59, 75.43 y 28.68% en el tratamiento HMA + Ab + 50% FI respecto a las plantas-testigo. En diámetro del tallo y peso del grano el tratamiento que promovió incrementos de 44.73%, 74.21% y una mayor presencia de UFC mL-1 (198) fue Ab+50% FI. La interacción entre HMA y Ab presentó un mayor porcentaje de colonización micorrízica (62.7%) en forma comparativa entre los demás tratamientos. Los mejores resultados se presentaron en la mayoría de las variables evaluadas donde estos microorganismos interactuaron en dosis reducida de fertilización (HMA + Ab + 50% FI).

Different methods of termination of second trimester pregnancy with scarred uterus at Mansoura University Hospitals

Objective: To describe different methods used in termination of sec- ond trimester pregnancy in those with previous uterine scare(s) and compare their efficacy and safety at a tertiary care center. Patients and Methods: a prospective, randomizedcontrolled com- parative trial conducted at Mansoura University Hospitals, Egypt during February 2018 through March 2019 and involved 105 healthy pregnant women at 14-28 weeks of gestation diagnosed to have missed abortion or intrauterine fetal death with a previous one or more caesarean delivery (CD). They divided into 3 equal groups, GI; received misoprostolalone for termination of pregnancy via ei- ther vaginal or sublingual routes as 400 µg / 6 hours for pregnancy at 14- 20 weeks; 200 µg / 6 hours for pregnancy at 20 -25 weeks or 100 µg / 6hours at 26 -27 weeks; G (II) for whom a Foley’s catheter was inserted under complete aseptic precautions, passed beyond the internal os then its balloon inflated by 20-30 ml normal saline for pregnancy at 14 - 20 weeks; 40-50 ml for pregnancy at 20 - 27 weeks and its position was confirmed by TAS then oxytocin infusion was commenced after the catheter expulsion, GIII; involved women who received a combination of Foley’s catheter inserted intracervical and a misoprostol dose 200 µg for pregnancy from 14-20 weeks or 100 µg for those between 20-27 weeks that was dissolved in 30 ml saline and injected intrauterine through the catheter lumen. Any of the pre- vious method continued for 24 hours otherwise the fetus comes out earlier. All patients in the three groups received oxytocin infusion 20 units in 500 ml normal saline after fetal expulsion to avoid placental retention and post-abortive bleeding.The primary outcome was in- duction-to-abortion interval (IAI) plus the mean time (SD) needed for complete uterine evacuation. Results: The patients’ characteristics and baseline data for the three groups including the age, weight, gravidity, parity, duration of preg- nancy, number of previous scar(s) showed no significant difference (p > 0.05).Studying the mean (SD) of IAI/hourtogether with data ob- served after starting treatment and postoperative complications record- ed a significant difference among the three groups as regard IAI (being shortest in GIII;11.6 ±2.6, longest in GII; 17.3 ±3.4 and in between for GI;15.9 ±3.4 respectively; P< 0.001), the success rate (100% for GIII, 91.4 % for GI and 85.7% for GII, p 0.02) and the occurrence of diar- rhea being lowest in GII (no cases), highest in GI (5 cases) in compare to 1 case only recorded in GIII (P0.024). On the other hand, insignif- icant difference among the study groups was observed as regard the mean (SD) of time/minutes needed for placenta expulsion after the fetal descent being 31.09 ± 5.01, 27.8 ± 7.61 and 26.57 ± 12.17 for the three groupsrespectively, the occurrence of post induction nausea and vomiting, fever or post-evacuation bleeding (p> 0.05). Somecases needed MVA after placental expulsion (6 cases in GI, 7 cases in GII and 4 in GIII) but again with no significant difference. Conclusion:Combined use of misoprostol and Fo- ley’s catheter for termination of mid-trimester preg- nancy with previous uterine scar(s) is found more superior than the use of either method alone regard- ing the success rate and shorter duration with mini- mal non serious complications and side effects.

Predicting pregnancy outcome by Doppler study evaluation of fetal middle cerebral artery, umbilical artery and ductus venosus

Objective: To investigate the sensitivity and specify of MCA, UA and DV Doppler pulsatility index as a diagnostic value for antepartum assessment of fetal wellbeing and prediction of adverse perinatal out come in both low and high-risk pregnancies. Patients and methods: Aprospective observational case control study conducted at Mansoura university hospitals from February 2018 through march 2019 and involved 100 pregnant ladies with a singleton pregnan- cy divided into two equal groups, G1 cases with high risk pregnancy, and G2 cases with low risk pregnancy as a control group. Both groups were matched for age, parity and gestational age. Results: The basic socio-demographic characteristics of the studied cases and controls were similar in age, gravidity, parity and body mass index (p> 0.05) but in G1 cases had significantly higher frequencies of mean systolic blood pressure, gestational hypertension, gestational DM, mild or severe PET, oligo- hydraminions, IUGR (p <0.001). De- spite there was no significant difference among cases and control as regard mean (SD) of gestational age in weeks, BPD (mm), UA PI (p >0.05), but there is a highly significant difference as regard FL (mm), AC (mm), MCA PI, DV PI (p values < 0.05). Also; there is a signif- icant difference regarding the reactivity of NST being more reactive in control than cases (35 vs 2, p <0.001). Again; there is a significant difference between cases and control regarding mean (SD) of gestation- al age at delivery (34±2 vs 39±1 in G2, p <0.001), Fetal weight (gm) (2255±1047 vs 2944±976, p <0.001), Agar score at 5 minutes (4.9±1.1 vs 8.3±1.4, p <0.001), occurrence of hypoxia (68% vs 2%, p <0.001), need for NICU admission (66% vs 2% p <0.001) and acidotic cord blood with PH < 7.2 (33 cases vs 1 case only, p <0.001). Logistic re- gression analysis revealed the cut off value MCA PI (1.62) had high sensitivity (82%), specificity (78%), PV(79%), NPV (81%) and a diag- nostic accuracy of (80%). Also, UA PI cut off value was found (1.12) with sensitivity (60%), specificity (68%), PPV(65%), NPV (63%) with a diagnostic accuracy of (64%). Regarding the best cut off value of DV study by the same method, DVPI cut off value was(0.77), with sensi- tivity (84%), specificity (80%), PPV(80%), NPV(83%) with diagnostic accuracy (82%). Conclusions: Doppler velocimetry studies of placental and fetal circu- lation can provide important information regarding fetal well-being thus yielding an opportunity to improve fetal and neonatal outcome

Efecto de medicamentos homeopáticos en plantas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Agrochemical use in horticultural cultivations generates negative effects, thus the need for searching to decrease or eliminate its use by means of other less toxic techniques. Agricultural homeopathy represents an alternative for ecological agriculture, impacting positively in cultivation development. The effect of four homeopathic medicines for human use were assessed in two centesimal dynamizations (7CH and 13CH) [(Silicea Terra (SiT), Natrum muriaticum (NaM), Zincum phosphoricum (ZiP) and Phosphoricum acidum (PhA)], and a control treatment (distilled water) on tomato plant germination, emergence, and initial development. The treatments were established under a randomized complete block design with three repiclates. Germination and emergence rate and percentage and morphometric variables (plant height, radicle length, dry and wet weight) were assessed, including the variables in stem diameter and wet and dry leaf weight, number of branches, leaves, and buds in the vegetative development stage. Signif icant differences were observed in all the morphometric variables assessed in function of the different development stages, homeopathic medicines, and their different dynamizations. During germination, greater growth in stem length was observed with ZiP-7CH (5.5 ± 0.98 cm) compared to the control group (4.3 ± 1.10 cm). During the emergence stage, the treatments SiT-7CH (6.6 ± 1.11 cm) and ZiP-7CH (5.9 ± 1.41 cm) increased stem length signif icantly whereas with PhA-7CH, the best effects were obtained in the variables assessed during the vegetative development stage, LT (94 ± 8.31 cm), leaf number (No hojas) (131 ± 27.71), fresh stem biomass (BFT) (17.20 ± 2.45 g), wet leaf biomass (BFH) (30 ± 7.72 g), dry leaf biomass (BSH) (2 ± 0.61 g), fresh root biomass (BFR) (10 ± 6.26 g), dry root biomass (BSR) (1 ± 0.43 g), and number of flower buds (No H) (6 ± 7.10). The homeopathic medicines applied impacted positively during the initial and vegetative development stages of tomato under controlled conditions. This research study represents and advance in the sustainable management of tomato cultivation.

Efectos de medicamentos homeopáticos en indicadores fisiológicos y del desarrollo inicial del frijol Yorimón (Vigna unguiculata L., Walp.)

Homeopathic medicine is a discipline of universal medical science, with increasing application in humans, animals and plants. The acceptance of agricultural homeopathy is increased by the safety and proven effectiveness of its ultra-diluted and agitated medicines, to stimulate the germination, development, growth and production of various plant species. The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of homeopathic medicines on physiological indicators and the development of Yorimón beans (Vigna unguiculata L., Walp.) var. Paceña. A completely randomized design was used with two homeopathic treatments, Manganum metallicum 31CH (MnM-31CH), Magnesium-manganum phosphoricum 3CH (MaMnP-3CH) and as a control treatment destilled water (DW), with six replicas per treatment. Photosynthetic rate, perspiration, total chlorophyll, leaf area and fresh and dried biomass of root, stem and leaves were evaluated. An analysis of variance was applied and when there was a signif icant difference between treatments, a comparison of means (Tukey HSD, P ≤ 0.05). The results revealed a signif icant increase for all the variables evaluated with respect to the control treatment (DW), in the plants that received treatments (MnM-31CH and MaMnP-3CH). Fresh root biomass was the response variable with the highest percentage increase (111.2%) and was recorded in the plants treated with MnM-31CH, compared to the plants in the control group, without medication (DW). Likewise, in the treated plants (MnM-31CH and MaMnP-3CH) there was an increase greater than 40% in total chlorophyll and in photosynthesis. This conf irms the effectiveness of applied treatments and reveals potential of agricultural homeopathy, as an alternative to achieve greater eff iciency in the cultivation of V. unguiculata.

Respuesta agronómica del Nabo (Brassica napus L.) a la aplicación de medicamentos homeopáticos

The production of the turnip (Brassica napus L.) in Ecuador, depends largely on the use of agrochemicals, whose indiscriminate use causes negative effects on the environment. Agricultural homeopathy has emerged as an ecological alternative to improve the health status of plants. In order to help improve the sustainable production of vegetables, the effect of two centesimal dynamics (7CH and 31CH) of three homeopathic medicines for human use was evaluated: Silicea terra (SiT), Natrum muriaticum (NaM) and Phosphoricum acidum (PhA ), on the germination, emergence and vegetative development of B. napus plants, applying a completely randomized 2×3+1 block design with three repetitions for the three stages of the crop. The variables evaluated during germination and emergence were: percentage of germination and emergence, length of stem and radicle, fresh weight of the aerial part and radicle, dry weight of the aerial part and radicle. The variables evaluated during vegetative development were: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, weight, leaf area and productive yield. Signif icant differences were recorded in all the variables and stages of development studied. The highest germination values corresponded to SiT-7CH and PhA-7CH (100%), surpassing the control group (83.5%). The PhA-7CH and NaM-31CH treatments stimulated stem growth in the germination stage (3.40 cm) and NaM-7CH root growth (4.07 cm) in the emergence stage. During the vegetative development, the plants with the highest production were those treated with NaM-7CH. The highest prof itability of the crop (71.33%), with a benef it / cost ratio of 1.7% was obtained with SiT-7CH. The results obtained suggest that agricultural homeopathy has potential in horticulture, since all treatments favorably influenced the response variables during germination, emergence and vegetative development of (Brassica napus L.).

Comparación de genotipos de frijol negro opaco en suelos ácidos del sur de Veracruz

In southern Veracruz, Mexico, soil acidity is one of the main environmental factors that reduce the production yield of common bean. The objectives of this research were to identify outstanding opaque black bean breeding lines according to their level of adaptation to acid soils and high yield eff iciency with and without the addition of dolomite into the soil, as well as to determine which is the yield component that associates the most to a greater production of beans. During the Fall/Winter season of 2016-17 two trials were performed in Juan Rodríguez Clara, Veracruz, in a land with a soil of initial pH = 4.67. One trial was conducted under stress conditions by soil acidity and the other with 2.58 Mg ha-1 of dolomite, applied to the soil 27 d before sowing. Twelve black bean breeding lines were evaluated and compared to Negro Grijalva and Negro Comapa bean varieties. All beans were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The variables measured were dry matter production without grain, weight of 100 seeds, number of pods per plant and grain yield. An analysis of variance of the quantif ied variables and the least signif icant difference (LSD, 0.05) tests for separation of means were performed. Negro Citlali/XRAV-187-3-1-8 showed the best adaptation to acid soil conditions in southern Veracruz, which obtained yields of 911.0 and 706.3 kg ha-1 with and without dolomite, respectively. These values were signif icantly higher than the commercial beans. This breeding line also showed the highest productive eff iciency, since it obtained the highest geometric mean (MGi) values (802.1) and a relative eff iciency index (IERi) of 2.00. Under both conditions of edaphic acidity, the number of pods per plant was the only plant trait that was positively related to seed yield (r = 0.91 ** and 0.87 **, with and without dolomite).

Survey of fruit nutrient removal by mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars for the export market in various producing regions of Mexico

In Mexico there are more than 201 400 ha grown with different mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars. This may cause variations in mineral requirement, fruit mineral concentrations and nutrient removal. The objective of this research was to make a survey of mineral concentration in fruit tissues and calculate nutrient removal by fruit tissues during harvest of the most important mango cultivars (Ataulfo, Kent and Tommy Atkins) from several production regions (Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Nayarit, and Sinaloa) of Mexico. Fruit at physiological maturity were harvested from commercial mango orchards and concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and boron (B) was determined for skin, mesocarp, endocarp, and seed tissues. Each tissue was cut into thin slices and they were dehydrated in a forced air oven at 70 °C, after that, were pulverized and they were analyzed: nitrogen by semi-microKjeldahl digestion, phosphorus with the ascorbic acid method and the other nutrients with atomic absorption. The removal of nutrients was calculated considering the weight of the fruit and the content of nutrients in each tissue. Signif icant differences in the concentration of N, K, Mg, and Zn were found among cultivars and tissues. Concentration of P, S, Cu, and Mn in the skin, Ca, Cu, and Mn in the mesocarp, Ca, S, Mn, and B in endocarp, and S, Fe, and Mn in the seed were not affected by mango cultivar. Production region affected concentration of minerals in ‘Ataulfo’ fruit more than in ‘Tommy Atkins’ and ‘Kent’. Nutrient removal by mango fruit tissues was little affected in cvs. Ataulfo, Tommy Atkins and Kent. The regions with the greatest nutrient removal were Oaxaca, Campeche and Sinaloa for ‘Ataulfo’, ‘Tommy Atkins’ and ‘Kent’, respectively.

Survey of fruit nutrient removal by mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars for the export market in various producing regions of Mexico

In Mexico there are more than 201 400 ha grown with different mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars. This may cause variations in mineral requirement, fruit mineral concentrations and nutrient removal. The objective of this research was to make a survey of mineral concentration in fruit tissues and calculate nutrient removal by fruit tissues during harvest of the most important mango cultivars (Ataulfo, Kent and Tommy Atkins) from several production regions (Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Nayarit, and Sinaloa) of Mexico. Fruit at physiological maturity were harvested from commercial mango orchards and concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and boron (B) was determined for skin, mesocarp, endocarp, and seed tissues. Each tissue was cut into thin slices and they were dehydrated in a forced air oven at 70 °C, after that, were pulverized and they were analyzed: nitrogen by semi-microKjeldahl digestion, phosphorus with the ascorbic acid method and the other nutrients with atomic absorption. The removal of nutrients was calculated considering the weight of the fruit and the content of nutrients in each tissue. Signif icant differences in the concentration of N, K, Mg, and Zn were found among cultivars and tissues. Concentration of P, S, Cu, and Mn in the skin, Ca, Cu, and Mn in the mesocarp, Ca, S, Mn, and B in endocarp, and S, Fe, and Mn in the seed were not affected by mango cultivar. Production region affected concentration of minerals in ‘Ataulfo’ fruit more than in ‘Tommy Atkins’ and ‘Kent’. Nutrient removal by mango fruit tissues was little affected in cvs. Ataulfo, Tommy Atkins and Kent. The regions with the greatest nutrient removal were Oaxaca, Campeche and Sinaloa for ‘Ataulfo’, ‘Tommy Atkins’ and ‘Kent’, respectively.

SURGICAL TREATMENT RESULTS IN PATIENTS WITH PELVIC BONE TUMORS IN CASES OF PREOPERATIVE 3D MODELING USE.

improvement of surgical treatment results due to determination of the optimal level for pelvic bone resection. Cohort study was realized using 3D modeling based on computer tomography data applying the software packet RadiAnt DICOM Viewer with 3D Volume Rendering and the software packet «SolidWorks». Two patient groups were investigated: 1) 13 patients without preliminary preoperative 3D modeling (control group) and 2) 14 patients with modeling (main group). In both groups relapse-free survival and age-dependent survival were evaluated. Tumor relapses were found in 6 patients (46.15 %) of control group and in 5 patients (33.33 %) of the main group. No statistically significant difference between groups concerning relapse-free survival results was detected. In both groups, medians of relapse-free survival were not obtained, two-year long relapse-free survival reaching (53.8 ± 13.8) % and (66.7 ± 12.2) % in control and main groups, respectively. Analyzing the cor- relation between patients age and results obtained the authors demonstrated the two-year relapse-free survival to reach (47.4 ± 11.5) % and (88.9 ± 10.5) % in patients aged above 40 and below 40, respectively (p = 0,06). Because of small sample sizes in both groups, the use of 3D modeling does not demonstrate any signif- icant difference regarding two-year relapse-free survival. However, there is a tendency for further progress. The search of approaches for improvement of the treatment results for pelvic bone tumor patients remains among the most important study problem in current orthopedics for tumor patients.