IC50 Values Of Aqueous Extract Research Articles

In vitro anticancer efficacy of Cyperus rotundus (L.) on breast adenocarcinoma cells via the induction of DNA fragmentation and apoptosis

Introduction and Aim: Cyperus rotundus (L.), commonly known as nutgrass, has been in use in Indian medicine traditional system against several ailments. This investigation was performed to assess the in vitro antineoplastic activity of extracts prepared from water and ethanol with C. rotundus rhizomes. Materials and Methods: Toxic effects induced by the C. rotundus extracts on MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells was evaluated using Sulphorhodamine- B (SRB) Assay, Trypan blue assay, Hoechst nuclear staining assay, Acridine Orange-Ethidium bromide (AO-EB) differential fluorescence staining assay and DNA fragmentation assays. Results: The results of SRB assay indicated the IC50 value of aqueous extract as 510.887 µg/mL and that of ethanol extract as 122.98 µg/mL. Trypan blue assay also indicated the similar results, wherein ethanol extract exerted higher cytotoxicity compared to the aqueous extract. MCF-7 cells treated with aqueous and ethanol extracts of C. rotundus rhizomes were exposed to Hoechst staining and AO-EB nuclear staining assays, wherein and ethanol extract induced clear apoptotic bodies in the tested cells. Further, the cells were treated with the ethanol extract and DNA fragmentation was confirmed by DNA ladder assay. MCF-7 cells administered with ethanol extract were subjected to DNA fragmentation assay for assessing the apoptosis induction nature of the extract. Conclusion: Results from our study indicate a promising approach into the possibility of developing C. rotundus ethanol extract into an effective anticancer moiety after appropriate pre-clinical and clinical validations.

ANTICANCER STUDIES ON THE LEAVES OF TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA (WILD) MIERS

The aim of the study was to evaluate anticancer activity of the methanol and aqueous extracts of leaves of Tinosporacordifolia Wild Miers against a Human Breast Carcinoma Cell line(MDAMB231) by MTT assay. The coarse powder of leaf were subjected to Soxhletextraction and microwave assisted extraction using methanol and water as solvent. The IC50 values of aqueous extract of leaf followed by soxhlation and methanol extract of leaf by microwave extraction were found to be 59.85μg/mL and 249μg/mLrespectively in MDAMB231 cells in comparison to Standard Vincristine 14.41µM whereas methanol extract of leaf by soxhlet and aqueous extract by microwave extraction did not possess any anticancer activity. This study suggests that Tinosporacordifolia can be useful in the treatment of breast cancer.

The antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials of polyphenolic-rich extracts of Cyperus rotundus (Linn.)

In this study, the rhizome of Cyperus rotundus L was investigated for its antioxidant and antidiabetic effects using in vitro and in silico experimental models. Its crude extracts (ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous) were screened in vitro for their antioxidant activity using ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), as well as their inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase enzyme. Subsequently, the extracts were subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to elucidate their possible bioactive compounds. Furthermore, computational molecular docking of selected phenolic compounds was conducted to determine their mode of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The aqueous extract displayed the highest level of total phenolic content and significantly higher scavenging activity in both FRAP and DPPH assays compared to ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts. In FRAP and DPPH assays, IC50 values of aqueous extract were 448.626 µg/mL and 418.74 µg/mL, respectively. Aqueous extract further presented higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 383.75 µg/mL. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of the following phenolic compounds: 4-methyl-2-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl) phenol, Phenol,2-methyl-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)- and 1-ethoxy-2-isopropylbenzene. Molecular docking study revealed 1-ethoxy-2-isopropylbenzene formed two hydrogen bonds with the interacting residues in the active site of α-glucosidase enzyme. Furthermore, 4-methyl-2-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl) phenol had the lowest binding energy inferring the best affinity for α-glucosidase active site. These results suggest the possible antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of Cyperus rotundus. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF HEMIDESMUS INDICUS (L.) R.BR. (ASCLEPIADACEAE).

Objective: A number of Indian medicinal plants have been used for thousands of years in a traditional system of medicine. Hemidesmus indicus is an important member of the Asclepiadaceae family. It is an endemic to the southern Western Ghats, India. The aim of the study was to investigate the free radical scavenging activity of H. indicus. Methods: The aqueous and methanol leaf extracts of H. indicus were assayed for radical scavenging activity, using the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate and 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). Results: The results revealed that the IC50 values of aqueous extract of H. indicus were found to be higher than that of the other solvent extracts. The free radical scavenging activity of the plant extracts may be due to the presence of phytoconstituents. Conclusion: In all the methods, the aqueous extract has exhibited the good scavenging activity and this arises that the plant has a potential antioxidant agent.

Antimutagenic and antioxidant activity of Ficus benghalensis stem bark and Moringa oleifera root extract

Objective: To investigate antimutagenic and antioxidant potency of the aqueous heat treated Ficus benghalensis stem bark (FBH) extract and Moringa oleifera root (MRH) extract against sodium azide in TA100 tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium and their inhibition of microsomal lipid peroxidation (LPO). Methods: Mutagenicity was assayed by the standard Ames test (standard plate incorporation assay) and antioxidant potency was investigated by employing ex vivo inhibition of lipid peroxidation in liver Microsomes. Results: Both FBH and MRH showed strong antimutagenic effect on S. typhimurium TA100 strains against sodium azide (NaN3). IC50 values of aqueous extract of FBH and MRH extracts were 70.24 mg/ml and 99.20 mg/ml respectively. FBH extract showed maximum inhibition of microsomal lipid peroxidation responses than MRH. IC50 values of aqueous extract of FBH and MRH extracts were 80.24 mg/ml and 92 mg/ml respectively. FBH and MRH exhibited a dose dependent antioxidant activity. Conclusion: The aqueous heat-treated FBH and MRH have antimutagenic as well as antioxidant activity. Further studies are in progress to evaluate the effect of both extracts by other antioxidant and antimutagenic assays and to identify the factors responsible for these activities.

Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of Alstonia scholaris

The present study investigates the phytochemical constitution and antioxidant activity of various solvent (aqueous, butanol and ethyl acetate) extracts of the leaf and bark of Alstonia scholaris. The antioxidant assays performed include DPPH, ABTS and FRAP. the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, proteins, phenols and steroids in aqueous extracts of both leaf and bark of the plant. Butanol extract also showed moderate presence of the phytochemicals in the preliminary screening. The aqueous and butanol extracts showed significant antioxidant activity with DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays when compared to the ethyl acetate extract. IC50 value of aqueous extract of bark and leaf were found to be 1.21 mg/ml and 2.83 mg/ml respectively in the DPPH assay and 210 µg/ml and 523 µg/ml in the ABTS assay. At 2 mg/ml concentration, the aqueous extract of bark and leaf showed ferric reducing power of 130.70 µmoles/mg and 109.52 µmoles/mg respectively in the FRAP assay. The TLC analysis of the aqueous extract of the bark, which showed highest antioxidant activity among the other extracts, was also performed.