Hypothesis Testing Research Articles

The Impact Of Price And Brand Image On Consumer Loyalties Of Singkong Moro Crips On The Housing Industry In Sari Lampung East Sources Village

The research aims to find out the impact of packaging, price and brand image on loyalty. Supposed packaging, price and brand image. The study used quantitative research methods, with a total of 97 respondents. Sampling using non-probability sampling techniques with random sample methods. The data analysis techniques used are Data Quality Test, Classical Assumption Test, Double Linear Regression Analysis, Hypothesis Test and Determination Coefficient Test. Based on calculations with some of these techniques and tests, it is known that the packaging individually has no influence on consumer loyalty. While price and brand image have a positive and significant influence on consumer loyalty.

Enhancing sustainability with improved cook stoves: an analysis of product quality, consumer satisfaction and word-of-mouth through expectancy disconfirmation theory

Purpose Anchoring on expectancy disconfirmation theory, this study aims to investigate the influence of product quality, customer satisfaction and word-of-mouth (WOM) on improved cook stoves (ICSs). The study also examines customer satisfaction as a mediator and explores a case-specific analysis of the interrelationships. Design/methodology/approach Data were elicited using a structured survey conducted during February 2024 across rural, semirural and urban areas in Nepal. A purposive sampling method was used, distributing 300 questionnaires and obtaining 222 valid responses, reflecting a response rate of 74%. Respondents included 70 females and 152 males, with an average age of 32.42 years, and 48.2% of the population from rural areas. Hypotheses tested included product quality affecting WOM, product quality impacting customer satisfaction and customer satisfaction mediating the relationship between product quality and WOM. PLS-SEM was used for hypothesis testing. Findings The results reveal that product quality significantly enhances WOM and customer satisfaction. Furthermore, customer satisfaction mediates the relationship between product quality and WOM, emphasizing the importance of satisfaction as a driver of positive WOM. Research limitations/implications The study focuses on ICS adoption in a specific region. Future research should explore these dynamics across different cultural and geographic contexts to validate and generalize the findings. Originality/value This research provides a novel perspective on the role of product quality and customer satisfaction in driving WOM for ICSs. It highlights how consumer satisfaction mediates these relationships, offering actionable insights for improving ICS adoption strategies.

Pengaruh Diskon Dan Cashback Terhadap Frekuensi Pembelian Pada Aplikasi Shopeefood Di Wilayah Kabupaten Jember

This study aims to examine the effect of discount and cashback programs on the frequency of purchases on the Shopeefood application. The background of this research is the rapid development of e-commerce in Indonesia, where Shopee remains the leader with the highest number of monthly visits by 2023. Shopeefood, as one of the main services on this platform, uses various promotional strategies to attract more users, one of which is the discount and cashback program. This study highlights that Shopeefood's strategies, especially the use of discounts and cashback, contribute to an increase in transactions. Discounts provide an immediate price cut that appeals to consumers while cashback offers a financial incentive in the form of a refund that encourages consumers to shop more frequently in the future. However, there are some complaints from consumers regarding the relatively long period of receiving cashback and the less transparent application process, which may affect their level of satisfaction. Through a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing, this study found that discount and cashback programs have a significant influence on the frequency of purchases at Shopeefood. The results of this study are expected to provide valuable insights for companies to develop more effective marketing strategies, not only in increasing purchase frequency, but also in building consumer loyalty amid increasingly fierce competition in the food delivery service industry.

An intervention framework for the adoption of solar home system technology in rural Vhembe district, South Africa

BackgroundSolar photovoltaic technology is one of the promising renewable energy solutions of the twenty-first century. It successfully provides electricity to industries, homes and even the transport sector. The decreasing prices of solar modules from 2010 have made Solar Home Systems Technology (SHST) increasingly attractive compared to other renewable energy technologies. Paradoxically, in rural communities of South Africa the usage of SHS remains low. Households continue to rely on unclean energy sources such as firewood for cooking and water heating. Previous efforts to electrify rural communities with SHS have failed considerably. Thus, a comprehensive study was conducted in the Vhembe District, encompassing three villages, to explore this issue and develop a contextualised solution using a behavioural change model. A 35-item questionnaire was randomly administered to 310 households to understand the factors that contribute to the low adoption rate of SHS technology. The data gathered were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics and Amos version 28. Confirmatory factor analysis and hypothesis testing were employed as the principal statistical methods.ResultsA 12-item model with five distinct factors consolidated into a single measurement model was revealed. All standardised factor loadings exceeded 0.7. Composite reliability values (CR) were above 0.8 and higher than MaxR(H) values, indicating the model’s reliability. Among the five factors influencing SHS adoption (perceived behavioural control, attitude, intention, trust, and subjective norms), only trust and attitude significantly impacted the intention to adopt SHS in the district (P < 0.05). Based on these findings, the conceptualised structural model reflected SHS adoption as determined by the integration of the technology’s social, technical and policy factors. Because of this, this should be regarded as a true reflection of the practical and behavioural intentions of local communities. Moreover, in this paper the barriers hindering SHS adoption are explained, emphasising the significance of attitude and trust. Highlights of policy imperatives are included together with a proposal for a contextual framework, and the way of promoting sustainable solutions. Emphasis is placed on the importance of scaling up renewable energy access.ConclusionsThis research provides a compelling academic exploration of the barriers to the adoption of SHS, the influential role of attitudes and trust, policy considerations, a contextual framework, and the need for promoting sustainable solutions and expanding access to renewable energy. The South African government should lead a change in how solar PV is deployed, considering its social impact, associated technical skills and policy support.

Investigating the impact of social media advertising and risk factors on customer online buying behavior: a trust-based perspective

In the realm of ever-changing e-commerce, understanding the dynamics of customer online buying behavior (COBB) is pivotal. This study investigates the impact of risk factors—financial risk (FR), time risk (TR), and psychological risk (PR) along with social media advertising (SMA) on COBB with the mediating effect of trust. Grounded on the stimulus–organism–response theory, the research targets diverse segments including students, businessmen, employees, working women, and housewives. To ensure a high response rate, an online questionnaire was distributed via email, WhatsApp, and social media groups of online buyers. Convenience sampling was used to collect primary data from 350 respondents. Data analysis that employed the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, normality testing, and regression analysis, was performed for reliability, validity and hypothesis testing. The findings underscore the significant negative impact of risk factors (FR, TR, PR) on building customer trust and subsequent online shopping behavior. Social media advertising has a positive and significant impact on trust and COBB. Furthermore, trust emerged as a significant determinant of COBB, thereby validating its pivotal role in online consumer decision-making processes. Moreover, trust mediates the relationship between risk factors, SMA and COBB. This study consists of both practical and theoretical contributions, offering insights into the nuanced interplay between risk perceptions, SMA effectiveness, trust dynamics, and COBB. These insights are essential for marketers, policymakers, and researchers navigating the evolving landscape of e-commerce.

Protein Binding Site Representation in Latent Space.

Interpretability and reliability of deep learning models are important for computer-based drug discovery. Aiming to understand feature perception by such a model, we investigatea graph neural network for affinity prediction of protein-ligand complexes. We assess a latent representation of ligand binding sites and investigate underlying geometric structure in this latent space and its relation to protein function. We introduce an automated computational pipeline for dimensionality reduction, clustering, hypothesis testing, and visualization of latent space. The results indicate that the learned protein latent space is inherently structured and not randomly distributed. Several of the identified protein binding site clusters in latent space correspond to functional protein families. Ligand size was found to be a determinant of cluster geometry. The computational pipeline proved applicable to latent space analysis and interpretation and can be adapted to work for different datasets and deep learning models.

On the convergence of credit risk in current consumer automobile loans

Abstract Risk-based pricing within consumer lending is ubiquitous. It considers both prevailing interest rates and the credit profile of a borrower to determine the cost of borrowing. All else equal, higher default risks pay higher borrowing costs. This cost is the annual percentage rate (APR), and it is set at the loan’s origination. A borrower’s credit profile is dynamic, however, and the risk of default gradually declines for current loans. In this article, we derive a novel large-sample statistical hypothesis test suitable for loans sampled from asset-backed securities to populate a credit risk transition matrix between consumer credit risk groups. We find that current loans in all risk groups eventually converge to the top credit tier before scheduled termination, a phenomenon we call credit risk convergence. We then use these convergence estimates for two empirical economic studies. We first estimate that lender conditional risk-adjusted expected profits significantly increase as high-risk, high-APR borrowers stay active and paying. We then estimate current borrowers are entitled to $1,153–2,327 in potential credit-based savings from their improving risk profiles. Because we study consumer auto loans, a large-scale and essential economic good, we opine on the social implications of these results and suggest areas of further study.

Students’ experiences of placements in urban indigenous health contexts: developing a culturally responsive workforce

BackgroundA culturally responsive health workforce is essential to ensure the delivery of culturally safe health services that meet Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples needs. In partnership with universities, placement providers play an essential role in creating opportunities for immersive experiences that enable students to develop their cultural responsiveness. This study evaluated students’ experiences of an innovative student placement model embedded within an urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community-Controlled Health Organisation.MethodsStudents completed pre and post placement surveys administered using a web-based interface. The surveys involved five-point Likert and open-ended response items exploring students’ perceptions of their knowledge, skills development, awareness and self-development, and overall placement experience. Frequencies were calculated for the variables of interest and compared between pre and post surveys. The sign test for matched pairs was used to calculate differences between pre and post surveys, and a one-sided hypothesis test was utilised to determine if the level of agreement increased from pre to post survey. Qualitative data obtained for seven questions were thematically analysed using Groundwater Method, an Indigenous data analysis technique.ResultsBetween January 1, 2017, and June 30, 2019, 938 students from 32 disciplines were placed within the organisation and its Member services. Survey responses were received from 338 participants pre-placement, and 158 participants post-placement. The matched pre-post group contained 81 students. The results indicate significant positive changes in cultural responsiveness, skills development, awareness, and self-development when comparing pre- and post-placement responses. Students’ overall satisfaction with the quality of their placement was positively associated with their intention to work in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health contexts in the future. Key pre-placement themes included competence, cultural skills, support and fear, and key post-placement themes included expertise, cultural responsiveness, learning environment and challenges.ConclusionsIndigenous-led, regionally coordinated placements in urban Indigenous health contexts can support transformative learning and the development of a culturally responsive workforce. Universities should aim to develop reciprocal relationships with Indigenous-led organisations to support students to develop their cultural responsiveness and improve the provision of culturally safe care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples. Future research should explore the longer-term impacts of student placements on cultural responsiveness, attitudes, values, and behaviours, as well as the experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples interfacing with university students on placement in urban settings.NoteWe will predominantly use the term ‘Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’, as opposed to ‘Indigenous’ or ‘First Nations’. When the term ‘Indigenous’ is used, it largely relates to government policy - except when referring to Indigenisation of curriculum and Indigenous Knowledges - and where ‘First Nations’ is used, it is in a global context. In addition, we use the term ‘Peoples’ to signify that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples are not one People or Nation, but a collective of Peoples and Nations.

THE INFLUENCE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON PERFORMANCE THROUGH JOB SATISFACTION AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE

The reason of this inquire about is to decide the impact of enthusiastic insights and organizational culture on execution through fulfillment as an interceding variable (Ponder at the Pemalang Rule Territorial Faculty Office). The inquire about strategy employments a quantitative approach with information collected through studies of representatives of the Pemalang Rule Territorial Gracious Benefit Office. The populace utilized in this inquire about were 52 workers at the Pemalang Pemalang Rule Territorial Respectful Benefit Organization. The investigation instrument employments Halfway Slightest Square (PLS) testing, Variable Estimation Test (Outside Examination), Integrator Variable Test (Inner Investigation), and Hypothesis Test. The inquire about comes about appear that there's a positive and critical impact between emotional intelligence on performance, there's a positive and noteworthy impact between passionate insights and organizational culture on job satisfaction as well as between job satisfaction and performance, in differentiate to the comes about of the impact of organizational culture on performance which appear no comes about noteworthy. KAY WORDS: Emotional Intelligence, Organizational Culture, Job Satisfaction and Performance.

Pengaruh Strategi Marketing Public Relations terhadap Minat Pasien Imunisasi Home Care pada Klinik Imuni Surabaya

The aim of this study is to find out whether the impact of Marketing Public Relations strategies, i.e. pull, push and pass strategy partially and simultaneously on the interest of home care immunization patients at Klinik Imuni Surabaya. This research is a type of quantitative descriptive study with an instrument in the form of a questionnaire that has undergone validity and reliability testing. The test methods used are classical assumption tests, double linear regression tests, and hypothesis tests using t-test and f-test. The results of this study show that there is a significant positive impact of pull, push and pass strategy partially on the interest of home care immunization patients at Klinik Imuni Surabaya and there is also a high and significant impect of pull, push, and pass strategies simultaneously on the interest of home care immunization patients at Klinik Imuni Surabaya. This means that the better the three forms of Marketing Public Relations (MPR) strategies, consisting of pull, push, and pass strategies are applied either separately or together, the higher interest of patients in utilizing home care immunization services at Klinik Imuni Surabaya.

Integrating Business Ecosystems and Social Networks: A Case Study on Sustainable Transitions

This paper critically reviews the convergence between Business Ecosystem Theory and Social Network Theory in sustainability studies. While both frameworks view organizations as part of larger, interconnected systems, they can be differentiated by six key dimensions: unit of analysis, focus, decomposability, types of relationships, market segment, and worldview. To better reflect real-world phenomena, this paper argues for a new stream of theoretical convergence that is practical, reliable, generalizable, and reproducible. Specifically, it proposes shifting from interorganizational networks to interfunctional networks, offering a clearer theoretical framework, reducing strategic bias and complexity, enhancing stability over time, and providing a more objective foundation for diversification strategies. This is illustrated through a case study of Tesla Inc., built from secondary data, which serves as an example of the emergence of a new strategic construct named the Business Ecosystem Footprint. This construct could assist managers in understanding where their organization stands within the network of functions, guiding them in making informed decisions about resource allocation and diversification aimed at supporting financial goals as well as sustainability and decarbonization objectives. The article concludes by suggesting potential research agendas, such as automating ecosystem mapping, exploring constraints of the new construct, and testing hypotheses related to firm performance.

Needs assessment of people living with cognitive impairment/dementia, a requirement of comprehensive psychogeriatric assessment and person-centered care. Empirical validation of the model in a community study

IntroductionCognitive impairment and dementia are part of a continuum that progressively leads to functional impairment and dependency. Dementia is a paradigmatic example of chronic and complex psychogeriatric diseases, requiring a comprehensive assessment. The authors underline the importance of implementing a formal assessment of needs (whether met or unmet) as an essential element of comprehensive assessment. The aim of this paper is to empirically validate this model of approach towards dementia, the needs assessment, demonstrating the relationship between needs and functionality/dependency in people with cognitive impairment/dementia in the community.Material and methodsCommunity-based, cross-sectional, descriptive epidemiological study based on the reanalysis of data from a two-phase community epidemiological study conducted in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, of 800 people over 65 years of age. The present study reanalyzes a subsample of 368 people, including those with dementia/cognitive impairment. The comprehensive assessment of the sample included sociodemographic variables, the presence of chronic diseases, health self-perception, assessment of affective, cognitive and functional state, as well as the needs assessment. The main instruments used were the MMSE, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), the Barthel and Katz Indices, the Lawton Scale, and, for the needs assessment, the Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly (CANE). For the clinical diagnosis of dementia, the ICD-10 criteria were followed. Statistical analysis: A study of the association between variables was carried out through hypothesis testing and a multivariate study was performed using regression models to analyze the relationship between the different variables defining disability/dependency, other health conditions and sociodemographic variables and the MMSE score as an expression of the cognitive impairment/dementia continuum.ResultsPeople with cognitive impairment/dementia had a higher number of needs compared to the healthy population. The severity of cognitive impairment is a significant predictor of dependency in Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) and is also a predictor of a greater number of needs (both met and unmet).DiscussionThe present study provides empirical evidence of the importance of implementing scales to assess the needs of people with cognitive impairment, as part of the process of comprehensive biopsychosocial assessment and person-centered care for dementia.

BRAND: Brand recognition and attitude norms database

Research involving brands has increased substantially in recent decades. However, no extensive and free dataset of consumer responses to branding stimuli exists. The present research develops and validates such a dataset, which we call the Brand Recognition and Attitude Norms Database (BRAND). BRAND is the most comprehensive set of methodologically transparent, freely available, research-relevant consumer responses to branding stimuli, with measures of familiarity (awareness), liking (attitudes), and memory (recognition) of more than 500 top brands and their logos, spanning 32 industries. BRAND includes 5,356 primary datapoints aggregated from 244,400 raw datapoints (i.e., individual familiarity, liking, and memory responses) collected from 2000 US-resident consumers in 2 years (i.e., 2020 and 2024). The data exhibit good reliability, face validity, external validity, robustness across samples and time, cross-validity, and discriminant validity. BRAND can be broadly useful for testing hypotheses involving responses to brands, and for selecting stimuli in any study involving brands or logos. Thus, BRAND can facilitate research not only in consumer behavior and psychology but also in several related academic disciplines (e.g., economics, management, marketing).

Assessing Teacher Competences and Their Impact on Inclusive Education for Children with Developmental Difficulties in Kosovo

In Kosovo, the inclusion of special education needs (SEN) in regular classrooms is growing, yet teachers often lack the necessary preparation. Effective management requires competency, inclusive training and development. This study explored the relationship between teacher competences, inclusive education training, and professional support in managing classrooms with children with SEN in Kosovo. We employed a mixed-methods approach, distributing structured questionnaires to 57 elementary and secondary school teachers and conducting a literature review. Descriptive statistics revealed that 98.20% of children receiving special education services had impairments, indicating a robust commitment to addressing SEN. The emphasis was on early intervention, as evidenced by the creation of 96.50% Individualized Education Plans (IEPs) in the first grade and the active analysis of previous program data by 87.70% of teachers. A chi-square test found a significant correlation between training in inclusive education and teachers' proficiency in managing inclusive classrooms (p-value &lt; 0.01). However, 8.80% of teachers reported limited data access, highlighting the need for further training and support. IEP goals often prioritized social skills (12.10%) and adaptive behavior (11.8%), emphasizing the necessity of thorough educator preparation. The study underscores the critical role of inclusive education training in enhancing teacher competency. Although most SEN children receive necessary services, challenges like restricted data access require solutions through continuous professional development. Hypothesis testing showed professional support significantly boosts teacher confidence in inclusive practices (p-value &lt; 0.05), emphasizing continuous training.

Pengaruh Struktur Kepemilikan, Penerapan Digital Banking, dan Investasi Teknologi Informasi terhadap Kinerja Intellectual Capital: Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2017-2021

The study aims to prove the effect of the implementation of digital banking, investment in information technology, and ownership structure such as institutional ownership and foreign ownership on intellectual capital performance. The population in this study was banking sector company in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017- 2021. Sample was determined using the purposive sampling method. Data analysis technique for hypothesis testing using multiple regression analysis. The of statistical analysis show that foreign ownership has no significant effect while institutional ownership, the implementation of digital banking, and investment in information technology have positive and significant effect to intellectual capital performance.

Determinant of Share Price in Digital Banks: Evidence from Indonesia

This research aims to examine the effect of net profit on share price. The population in this research is digital banks listed on the Indonesia Share Exchange for the 2019-2022 period, totaling 47 companies. The sampling technique was carried out using a non-probability sampling method using a purposive sampling technique and the number of samples used was 10 companies. The analysis technique used is the classic assumption test, simple regression analysis with the panel data method at a significance level of 5% and hypothesis testing. Statistical calculations were carried out using E-views 9. The results showed that net profit had no effect on share price.

Exploring The Impact of Kinesthetic Learning Strategies on Speaking Ability: A Study for Integrating Movement and English Language

The purpose of this research was to investigates the effect of kinesthetic learning strategies on the speaking abilities of English learner. Employing a pre-experimental research design, the study involved 20 students from an FLC (Foreign Language Course) program. The research utilized quantitative methods, specifically oral tests, to measure the effectiveness of kinesthetic learning strategies. Data were collected through pre- and post-tests and analyzed using SPSS 22. The findings reveal a significant improvement in the speaking abilities of students who engaged in kinesthetic learning activities. The results of hypothesis testing showed a t-test value of 8.519 at p &lt; 0.01, indicating that the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative hypothesis was accepted. This suggests that kinesthetic learning strategies are effective in enhancing English speaking skills. The study concludes that integrating movement-based activities into language learning curricula can significantly benefit students' speaking proficiency. These findings support the adoption of kinesthetic learning strategies in language education, advocating for more dynamic and engaging instructional methods that cater to various learning styles.

Comparing the construct validity of measurement instruments for pain and stiffness in patients with axial spondyloartwhritis: cross-sectional analysis in the OASIS cohort

ObjectivesTo compare the construct validity, including discrimination between known groups, of three pain and three morning stiffness (MS) measurement instruments.MethodsPatients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis with 8-year data from the Outcome...

Strategies for genetic manipulation of the halotolerant black yeast Hortaea werneckii: ectopic DNA integration and marker-free CRISPR/Cas9 transformation.

Hortaea werneckii is a halotolerant black yeast commonly found in hypersaline environments. This yeast is also the causative agent of tinea nigra, a superficial mycosis of the palm of the hand and soles of the feet of humans. In addition to their remarkable halotolerance, this black yeast exhibits an unconventional cell division cycle, alternating between fission and budding cell division. Cell density and the salt concentration in their environment regulate which cell division cycle H. werneckii uses. Although H. werneckii have been extensively studied due to their unique physiology and cell biology, deciphering the underlying mechanisms behind these remarkable phenotypes has been limited due to the lack of genetic tools available. Here, we report a new ectopic integration protocol for H. werneckii using polyethylene glycol-CaCl2 mediated protoplast transformation. This approach relies on a drug (hygromycin B) resistance gene to select for successful integration of the genetic construct. The same construct was used to express cytosolic green fluorescent protein. Finally, we developed a marker-free CRISPR/Cas9 protocol for targeted gene deletion using the melanin synthesis pathway as a visual reporter of successful transformation. These transformation strategies will allow testing hypotheses related to H. werneckii cell biology and physiology.IMPORTANCEHortaea werneckii is a remarkable yeast capable of growing in high salt concentration, and its cell division cycle alternates between fission-like and budding. For these unique attributes, H. werneckii has gathered interest in research programs studying extremophile fungi and cell division. Most of our understanding of H. werneckii biology comes from genomic analyses, the usage of drugs to target a particular pathway, or the heterologous expression of its genes in S. cerevisiae. Nonetheless, H. werneckii has remained genetically intractable. Here, we report on two strategies to transform H. werneckii: ectopic integration of a plasmid and gene deletion using CRISPR/Cas9. These approaches will be fundamental to expanding the experimental techniques available to study H. werneckii, including live-cell imaging of cellular processes and reverse genetic approaches.

Analysis of Working Capital Management in an Effort to Increase Liquidity and Profitability at PT Unilever Indonesia, Tbk

This research aims to find out how working capital management and liquidity levels affect profitability at PT Unilever Indonesia, Tbk.The data used in this research is secondary data using a purposive sampling method, namely the financial position report (balance sheet), profit and loss report in the financial statements of PT. Unilever Indonesia, Tbk for the 2016-2023. The type of research is quantitative research because the data used is in the form of numbers which are then analyzed using multiple linear analysis. The results of this research were also tested using classical assumption tests and hypothesis tests. The research test results show that working capital and liquidity (current ratio) partially do not have a significant effect on profitability. Meanwhile, working capital and liquidity (current ratio) simultaneously have a significant influence on company profitability