Prevention Of Hypertension Research Articles

Modifiable lifestyle factors in the primordial prevention of hypertension in three US cohorts

Background: Evidence is lacking on the relative contributions of specific lifestyle factors and their overall contribution to prevention of hypertension, in particular early-onset hypertension. Methods: This prospective cohort study included participants of the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS, N=52,780 women, aged 40–67 in 1986), the NHS II (N=83,871 women, aged 27–46 in 1991), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS, N =31,269 men, aged 40–75 in 1986), who were free from hypertension, cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline. Four modifiable lifestyles were evaluated based on hypertension guidelines: BMI, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, and alcohol intake. Primary outcome was incident self-reported diagnosis of hypertension with 27-31 years of follow-up. Results: Each lifestyle factor was associated with incident hypertension in dose-dependent manners across the cohorts, with BMI having the strongest associations. On average, adhering to BMI <25 kg/m2 was associated with 20.3 [18.5, 22.0], 25.0 [23.2, 26.8], and 18.6 [16.7, 20.7] months longer periods free from hypertension during 25-year follow-up in each cohort respectively. BMI accounted for approximately 20% of incident hypertension in NHS and HPFS, and 35% of early-onset hypertension (age < 55y). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and diet accounted for 10-15% of incident hypertension in women, and the contributions were greater for early-onset hypertension. Conclusion: Healthy weight during adulthood was most substantially associated with incident hypertension among lifestyle factors, but diet, physical activity, and alcohol intake were also related to the risk across all ages, and hypertension-free periods, with stronger associations in early-onset hypertension.

Association of Snoring and Daytime Sleepiness With Subsequent Incident Hypertension: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

There is a strong association between obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension, but the effects of obstructive sleep apnea symptoms on the risk of incident hypertension are not well documented. The aim of this prospective study was to examine whether snoring and sleepiness are associated with incident hypertension. Data from the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort were analyzed. Normotensive participants, aged 18 to 69 years, were included between 2012 and 2016 and screened for snoring, morning fatigue, and daytime sleepiness in 2017 using items of the Berlin Questionnaire. We used Cox models, adjusted for multiple potential confounders, including body mass index, baseline blood pressure, sleep duration, and depressive symptoms, to compute hazards ratios of incidentally treated hypertension. Among 34 727 subjects, the prevalence of self-reported habitual snoring, morning fatigue, and excessive daytime sleepiness (≥3× a week for each) was 23.6%, 16.6%, and 19.1%, respectively. During a median follow-up of 3.1 years (interquartile range, 3.0-3.5), the incidence of treated hypertension was 3.8%. The risk of de novo treated hypertension was higher in participants who reported habitual snoring (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.03-1.32]) and excessive daytime sleepiness (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.24-1.62]), and increased with the weekly frequency of symptoms, with a dose-dependent relationship (Ptrend≤0.02 for all symptoms). Self-reported snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness are associated with an increased risk of developing hypertension. Identification of snoring and daytime sleepiness may be a useful public health screening tool in primary care for hypertension prevention.

Trend in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among adult over in Nigeria over a 4-year period

Abstract Background Hypertension is the commonest risk factor for most cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, also the commonest cause of sudden unexpected death in the country. Despite concerted efforts to reduce the burden of this condition through increasing awareness, treatment and control rate of hypertension among adults in Nigeria. The rates of hypertension awareness (60%), treatment (34%), and control (12%) have been reported recently These figures need to change for the improved health of the citizens. Objective The study assessed the trend in the prevalence, levels of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among adults in urban setting in Nigeria, Sub-Sahara Africa. Methods This was a retrospective study. Data collected from opportunistic screening of adults aged 15 years and above in 4 urban communities during May Measurement Month from 2020 to 2023 was analyzed. Standardized protocol was used to collected data on socio-demographics and anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and pulse rate were measured using digital blood pressure monitors after patient have rested for at least 15 minutes. Hypertension was defined based on the 7th Report of the Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of Hypertension. Data was analyzed using SPSS 22 and p-value &amp;lt;0.05 was statistically significant Results We analyzed data of 2676participants. The mean age was 40.4years (SD 15·04), 68·5% of whom were women, 2.8% had diabetes mellitus, and 50·9% were overweight/obese. A third of the participants (33·9%) had hypertension, more than half of whom (57·2%) were aware that they were diagnosed of hypertension. The prevalence reduced from 39.7% in 2020 to 26.8% in 2023. Among those diagnosed, 66.5% were taking medication, and among those taking medication 32.5% had controlled blood pressure. We noted an increasing improvement in the rate of awareness from 35.4% to 72.5%, treatment from 46.7% to 82.6% and control from 5.7% to 52.3% over the 4-year period, p-value 0.000 (figure 1). When comparing between the hypertensives and non-hypertensives; higher age group (55years and above), the presence of diabetic mellitus and overweight/obesity showed statistically significant association, all at p-value of 0.000 each (table 1). Conclusion Hypertension is still a major problem among urban dwellers in Akwa Ibom State, with almost every one out of three adults have the condition. Though there is a decreasing trend in the prevalence and increasing trend in the awareness, treatment and control of hypertension, these rates are still suboptimal. Urgent measures are needed to reduce the prevalence and improve hypertension control among this population.

Regional variation in incidence and mortality due to hypertension in Sao Tome and Principe

Abstract Background The analysis of incidence and mortality due to hypertension (HT) provides statistical data for addressing public health programs, particularly in low-income countries where poor health systems impose constraints to address non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study aims to assess the geographic pattern of incidence and mortality due to HT in Sao Tome and Principe (STP). Methods This is a descriptive ecological study. Aggregated data on new cases of and deaths due to HT by gender, age-group and district (2022-2023) were extracted from the Health National Database (STP Ministry of Health). Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates (ASIR and ASMR) and respective 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were obtained. Mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) was computed by district (lower values indicate better quality of care). Comparison between districts was done through standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and respective p-value. Analyses were stratified by gender. Results ASIR and ASMR per 100,000 were, respectively, 1168.9 (95%CI:1103.3-1237.6) and 76.8 (95%CI:62.0-96.2) among men and 2460.6 (95%CI:2365.0-2559.0) and 99.7 (95%CI:81.4-121.6) among women. Incidence of HT was significantly higher than expected (p &amp;lt; 0.001) in Agua Grande, Caue and Lemba with SIR varying from 122.8% (Agua Grande) to 201.1% (Caue) in men and from 125.1% (Lemba) to 224.1% (Caue) in women. Instead, Mé-Zochi presented much lower incidence than expected for both, men (SIR=43.1%;p&amp;lt;0.001) and women (SIR=38.4%;p&amp;lt;0.001). Large differences between districts were observed in MIR, varying from 0% (Caue and Lobata) to 84% (Mé-Zochi) in men and from 0% (Lobata) to 57% (Mé-Zochi) in women. Conclusions According to our findings there is, not only, a high incidence rate of HT, but also regional variation in this rate, deserving particular attention from policy-makers. Regional variation in hypertension incidence could be partially explained by differences in the quality of healthcare services. Key messages • Awareness should be given to the high incidence of hypertension demanding preventive strategies in the field of public health. • Public health strategies should address the quality of care in regards to the prevention, diagnosis and monitoring of hypertension.

Upaya Kesehatan Lansia Terkait Penurunan Hipertensi

The aim of this research is to provide education to increase the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of the elderly regarding the prevention and treatment of hypertension in the elderly using counseling methods. This counseling method is in the form of data processing results from a pre-test questionnaire and a post-test questionnaire which shows that the results of the post-test questionnaire are better than the pre-test questionnaire. This means that people's knowledge after the extension rose higher than before the extension.

Higher dietary inflammatory index linked to increased risk of hypertension: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.

The relationship between dietary inflammation index (DII) and the risk of hypertension is inconsistent across published epidemiological studies. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the dose-response relationship between DII score and the risk of hypertension. A systematic search for relevant studies was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases until January 9, 2024. After data extraction, the summarized relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using the Der Simonian and Laird random effect model, and dose-response analyses were performed using restricted cubic splines. A total of six studies with 120,294 participants and 36,725 cases of hypertension were included. The pooled relative risk (RR) for hypertension risk was 1.15 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.26) for the highest DII score compared with the lowest, and 1.10 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.18) for higher DII score compared with the lower. The dose-response meta-analysis further demonstrated a positive association between elevated DII scores and hypertension risk. For each one-unit increase in the DII score, the incidence of hypertension increased by 4% (RR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.07). Pro-inflammation dietary increases the risk of hypertension. Therefore, reducing pro-inflammatory components in the diet may be beneficial for the prevention and control of hypertension.

Preoperative Epidural Infusion for Blood Pressure Control in Phaeochromocytoma

The 2004 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of endocrine tumours defines phaeochromocytoma as a catecholamine-producing intra-adrenal tumour arising from the chromaffin cells. The most important functional characteristics of the adrenal and extra-adrenal sympathetic tissue derived tumours is the production of various types of catecholamines and the related clinical attributes [1]. Preoperative blood pressure control in phaeochromocytoma is an uphill task using multiple medications leading to post operative hypotension. It is well known that complete prevention of perioperative hypertension and tachycardia cannot be achieved by any dose or combination of drugs. Epidural anesthesia is often used for pain control in open resection of these tumours; one of its side effects is hypotension [2]. We describe here a case of phaeochromocytoma in whom perioperative blood pressure control was achieved with the help of epidural drugs instead of systemic antihypertensive medications.

Effectiveness of Home-Based Self-monitoring of Blood Pressure in a Primary Care set-up of India (EASE-BP): Protocol for an Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial.

Rising hypertension from inadequate detection, noncompliance with treatment, and poor control presents a major public health challenge. Previously, adopting the strategy of self-monitoring of blood pressure (SMBP) showed better hypertension detection, control, and medication adherence. However, evidence from India is scarce. Here, we present the trial protocol for the effectiveness of SMBP intervention in hypertension detection, blood pressure (BP) control, and medication adherence in a primary care set-up. EASE-BP is an open-label randomized trial in two distinct adult populations - part-A self-reported non-hypertensive population (total sample size: 400) and part-B known hypertensive population (total sample size: 332). The two populations will be sampled from two separate villages under the Ballabgarh Health and Demographic Surveillance System. In both the populations, participants randomized in the intervention arm will receive a validated electronic BP device and will be advised to self-monitor BP for at least twice a month (or more). Those in the control arm will be advised to monitor BP for at least twice a month (or more) at the nearby health center. Participants in both arms will receive education on hypertension and atherosclerotic disease. In addition, adult family members in the households of randomized participants will be encouraged to monitor their BP. All participants and family members will be instructed to maintain a log of BP recordings in a diary that will be provided to them. Data will be collected at baseline and then every month for three-months. The primary outcome in part-A will be the incidence of new cases of hypertension during 3 months follow-up and in part-B will be the difference in SBP and rate of medication adherence at 3 months follow-up. Secondary outcomes will include (1) uptake of the intervention, (2) any stroke, myocardial infarction, or death, (3) additional yield of new cases of hypertension among the family members, and (4) integrating the intervention into the national programs for long-term noncommunicable disease goals. EASE-BP will help understand if SMBP improves hypertension detection, BP control, and medication adherence. Consequently, this will appraise policymakers on whether provision of BP instruments may be added to the national program for hypertension prevention and control. This trial was registered under Clinical Trial Registry - India with reference number CTRI/2023/02/049949.

Efektivitas Leaflet dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Hipertensi pada Lansia di Desa Gandatapa

Introduction: Hypertension is a significant global health issue that often presents without symptoms, leaving many individuals unaware of their condition. Effective management and prevention of hypertension require increased awareness and education, particularly among the elderly population, who are at higher risk. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of health counseling using leaflets in improving hypertension knowledge among the elderly at Integrated service post (Posyandu) community association (RW) 4 Gandatapa. Method: This descriptive quantitative study employed a pre-post design. Health counseling was conducted using leaflets at Integrated service post (Posyandu) community association (RW) 4 Gandatapa on July 16, 2024, involving 44 elderly participants aged 65-70 years. Knowledge levels were assessed using pre-test and post-test questionnaires. The intervention included distributing leaflets and conducting a discussion session to reinforce the information provided. Result:The study observed a significant increase in participants' knowledge about hypertension, with average knowledge scores rising from 43% in the pre-test to 63% in the post-test. Conclusion: The findings suggest that health counseling using leaflets is an effective method for improving hypertension knowledge among the elderly. However, to optimize the impact, future interventions should consider additional support methods, especially for those with limited literacy or visual impairments.

What is the role of leisure-time physical activity in the association between neighborhood environmental characteristics and hypertension in older adults? The EpiFloripa Aging Cohort study

BackgroundResearch suggests a link between the urban built environment and blood pressure, potentially mediated by physical activity. This study aims to investigate the relationship between perceived neighborhood characteristics and blood pressure in older adults, as well as the mediating role of walking in this relationship. MethodsData from the third wave of the EpiFloripa Aging Cohort Study in Florianopolis, Brazil (2017–2019; n = 1335) were used for this cross-sectional analysis. Blood pressure was measured using digital devices, and hypertension diagnosis relied on healthcare professionals’ information. The neighborhood environment was assessed with the Abbreviated Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale, while walking was evaluated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Multilevel logistic regression analyzed the association between the neighborhood environment, blood pressure, and hypertension. Structural equation modeling assessed the mediation effect of walking. ResultsHypertension prevalence was 85.3 %, with 69.0 % having objectively measured elevated blood pressure. Results showed that older adults perceiving better infrastructure for physical activity (OR: 0.88; CI: 0.78–0.99), increased safety in their neighborhood (OR: 0.88; CI: 0.79–0.99), traffic security (OR: 0.88; CI: 0.78–0.99) and better overall perception of the environment (OR: 0.73; IC: 0.55–0.98) had a lower likelihood of self-reported hypertension. The association between self-reported hypertension and overall perception of the environment was partially explained by leisure-time walking (β = -0.01; p < 0.05). ConclusionOur findings suggest that public policies promoting the establishment of safe and supportive spaces for physical activity emerge as essential measures in the prevention and management of hypertension in older adults.

Guardians under pressure, a spotlight on hypertension among healthcare workers in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundHypertension is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease impacting over a billion people worldwide. Work environment factors could adversely affect workers’ cardiovascular health, including contributing to hypertension. Healthcare workers who treat patients are also affected. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, limited studies explored the work environment factors associated with hypertension. This study aimed to examine hypertension prevalence and determine the associated risk factors among healthcare workers in Kinshasa.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Kinshasa’s healthcare facilities from December 2023 to January 2024 among healthcare workers selected by multistage stratified random sampling. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire using a modified WHO STEPwise approach and Karasek questionnaire. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and fasting blood sugar were measured. The prevalence of hypertension was assessed. All sociodemographic, occupational, and lifestyle variables associated with hypertension were included in multivariable logistic regression analysis at the 5% significance level.ResultsThe study encompassed 614 participants, comprising 55.2% females and 44.8% males. The mean age of participants was 38.8 ± 10.4 years, ranging from 20 to 78 years. The prevalence of hypertension was 22.6% and over half of those with hypertension (56.1%) were unaware of their condition. Of the known hypertensive participants before the study, 60.7% had uncontrolled blood pressure. In the multivariable analysis, identified risk factors for hypertension were age ≥ 40 years (aOR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.64–4.61), seniority ≥ 10 years (aOR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.54–4.58), multiple job holding (aOR = 3.11, 95% CI: 1.81–5.34), job stress (aOR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.17–2.89), physical inactivity (aOR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.03–2.68), overweight (aOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.06–2.90) and obesity (aOR = 3.75, 95% CI: 2.10–6.70).ConclusionOur results underline an important prevalence of hypertension among healthcare workers in Kinshasa, despite their medical knowledge of the causes and the risks. A healthy lifestyle among healthcare workers is fundamental for ensuring the efficiency and productivity of the healthcare system. Regulating multiple job holding and implementing a hypertension prevention intervention encompassing their holistic support is crucial for reducing job stress and promoting well-being.

Association of magnesium deficiency, tobacco smoke exposure and hypertension in children and adolescents: evidence from the NHANES 2007–2018

BackgroundRecent studies suggested that the combination of tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) and dietary nutrients intake may be related to a higher or lower risk of hypertension. However, the relationship between dietary magnesium (Mg) intake, TSE and the odds of hypertension remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association of TSE, dietary Mg intake and the odds of hypertension among children and adolescents.MethodData of this study were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2007–2018. Dietary Mg intake was calculated as the average of two days of dietary and supplementations intake. Serum cotinine concertation ≥ 0.05 µg/L or at least one-person smoking in the household was considered as exposing to the tobacco smoke. The weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to explore the associations of dietary Mg intake, TSE and the odds of hypertension among children and adolescents with the evaluation index of odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses based on different age, gender and overweight were further assessed these associations.ResultsA total of 7,122 children and adolescents aged 8–17 years old and with the blood pressure measurement were included. Of which, 948 (13.31%) had hypertension. After adjusting all covariates, we observed children and adolescents exposed to tobacco smoke was related to higher odds of hypertension (OR = 1.34, 95%CI: 1.01–1.78); children and adolescents not reached the dietary Mg references intakes was related to higher odds of hypertension (OR = 1.48, (95%CI: 1.11–1.97); compared to children and adolescents non-TSE and reached the DRIs of Mg, those not reached the DRIs of Mg and exposed to tobacco smoke have the highest odds of hypertension (OR = 1.94, 95%CI: 1.30–2.89, P for trend = 0.002). These associations of dietary Mg intake, TSE and hypertension remain robust after the stratified analysis based on age, gender and overweight was conducted.ConclusionOur findings suggested there were a robust association between dietary Mg intake, TSE and hypertension in children and adolescents. Those children and adolescents with deficiency dietary Mg intake and exposed to tobacco smoke may have the high odds of hypertension. More restrictions on smoking as well as Mg supplementation in the prevention and treatment of hypertension among children and adolescents might be justified.

A review on the role of postpartum homecare program in identification, managing and preventing common complications

The postpartum period is a crucial phase for mothers, requiring close monitoring and care to address physical, emotional, and psychological challenges. Comprehensive support is provided to new mothers through postpartum homecare programs, which prioritise the prevention and management of problems such gestational diabetes, hypertension, and postpartum depression. These programs ensure timely interventions for conditions like infections, excessive bleeding, and mental health concerns, which are common during this time. Homecare visits provide personalized care, with healthcare professionals offering guidance on breastfeeding, infant care, and self-care practices. The program's emphasis on maternal well-being reduces hospital readmissions and ensures early detection of serious conditions like postpartum hemorrhage and hypertension, promoting quicker recovery. Moreover, postpartum homecare enhances emotional support, helping new mothers cope with stress, anxiety, and fatigue. By fostering a strong mother-infant bond and addressing the unique needs of each patient, these programs contribute to better long-term health outcomes for both mother and baby, empowering women to confidently navigate the postpartum journey.

Primary and secondary prevention of stroke and arterial hypertension

Primary and secondary prevention of stroke and arterial hypertension

Experience in Application of the Combinations Dorzolamide / Timolol and Brinzolamide / Timolol for the Prevention of Intraocular Hypertension in Patients with Silicone Oil Tamponade of the Vitreal Cavity

Experience in Application of the Combinations Dorzolamide / Timolol and Brinzolamide / Timolol for the Prevention of Intraocular Hypertension in Patients with Silicone Oil Tamponade of the Vitreal Cavity

Association between community walkability and hypertension: Evidence from the Wuhan Chronic Disease Cohort Study

While community walkability is recognized as a key environmental factor for health status, evidence linking it specifically to hypertension is rather limited. To fill the knowledge gap, we concluded a cross-sectional study among 6421 eligible participants from the Wuhan Chronic Disease Cohort. A well-developed algorithm was performed to evaluate community walkability across Wuhan, quantified as Walk Score. We then calculated each participant residential Walk Score using the geographic information system. The logistic and linear regression models were conducted to determine the relationship between walkability, hypertension and blood pressure, respectively. We further performed the mediation analysis to explore potential mechanisms. After adjusting for extra confounders, we observed a higher community walk score was associated with a lower hypertension risk (OR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.84), a lower systolic blood pressure (β = −3.152 mmHg; 95% CI: −4.25, −2.05), a lower diastolic blood pressure (β = −2.237 mmHg; 95% CI: −2.95, −2.53) and a lower mean arterial pressure (β = −2.976 mmHg; 95% CI: −3.75, −2.20). The effect of community walkability on hypertension was partially mediated by body fat rate. Our study indicates a positive correlation between high walkability and a reduced odds of hypertension in China. This highlights the potential role of urban design in hypertension prevention, emphasizes the need for walkability-focused planning strategies to foster healthier communities, and guides future interventions and research to mitigate hypertension.

SHOPI (Sosialisasi Pencegahan Hipertensi): Building Community Resilience Against Hypertension in Banyuwangi, Indonesia

This community service was aimed at increasing knowledge to preventhypertension by utilizing the role of mother cadres of PKK, which stands for Pemberdayaandan Kesejahteraan Keluarga, a hamlet/village-level association focusing on family welfareand empowerment. These cadres are representatives of neighborhood associations (RT/Rukun Tetangga) in the village area. This community empowerment was held throughcounseling lectures. This activity was carried out in 2022; the data, which were theparticipants’ responses, were collected using pretest and post-test questionnaires. Thesampling was carried out using accidental sampling with a cross-sectional design. Thisactivity targeted 30 PKK mothers as representatives from each neighborhood in KarangrejoVillage, Banyuwangi Regency. This empowerment increased the knowledge of the targetcommunity regarding the prevention of hypertension by 22.7 points. The average score ofthe participants’ pretest was 52.26, and that of the post-test was 74.96. This is in line withstudies that found that community service activities carried out using the roles of cadresand the elderly showed optimal results in increasing the target communities’ knowledge inthe operation of tensimeters and measuring blood sugar, uric acid, and cholesterol as wellas increasing knowledge of cadres and the elderly in hypertension management, and dietarymanagement of hypertension. The SHOPI Project (Education on Hypertension Prevention)effectively enhances public awareness regarding hypertension prevention, with a focus onwomen from the PKK community in Karangrejo Village, Banyuwangi Regency.

Health education for the community in the prevention of hypertension and stroke

Hypertension and stroke are two interrelated health conditions and have a high prevalence in the community. Both diseases can be prevented through effective health education, which aims to increase public awareness and knowledge about risk factors, early signs, and prevention efforts that can be taken. This Community Service Program aims to provide health education to the public about the prevention of hypertension and stroke, with a focus on the introduction of healthy lifestyles, risk factor control, and the importance of early detection. This activity was carried out by involving the active participation of the local community. The methods used in this program include lectures, interactive discussions, and simulation of preventive measures. The educational material includes the importance of dietary regulation, physical activity, stress management, and regular blood pressure monitoring. Program evaluation is carried out through pre-test and post-test to measure the improvement of public knowledge after receiving education. The results of this program show a significant improvement in public understanding of hypertension and stroke prevention. Most participants were able to identify risk factors and express readiness to adopt a healthier lifestyle. Thus, this program is expected to contribute to reducing the incidence of hypertension and stroke in the community through increased awareness and better preventive measures

RISK BEHAVIOR, HEALTH PROMOTION, AND HYPERTENSION IN PRODUCTIVE COMMUNITIES IN THE UPTD TAPOS DEPOK AREA

In 2021 at the Tapos Health Center, out of 9,352 hypertensive patients aged ≥ 15 years, only 1,547 people (16.5%) received standard services. This problem is a serious health challenge because hypertension contributes to the high mortality rate in the region. The purpose of this study is to identify the problem and its causes and provide alternatives to the existing problem. The research design used for this study is descriptive analytical. This research aims to identify problems and their causes and provide alternatives to existing problems. Data collection and observation were carried out offline and then the data was processed using the Matrix Criteria Method. The results obtained for the problem that is the top priority is the low public interest in health promotion. Therefore, alternative problem solving is needed that can increase public interest in participating in health promotion. As a solution, planning sustainable health programs related to hypertension is a top priority to increase public awareness and participation in hypertension prevention. The program includes periodic health checks, counseling, and joint sports activities. It is hoped that through this program, it can overcome the low public interest in health promotion and ultimately help reduce the risk of hypertension and improve overall public health.

Improving Hypertension Outcomes: Assessing Caregivers’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practices in Rural Malawi

Introduction: Hypertension is a major global health issue, significantly contributing to the burden of cardiovascular diseases, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Malawi. Caregivers play a crucial role in managing hypertension in these settings, yet their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) are not well-documented. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of caregivers for hypertensive patients in rural Malawi, as well as to identify any disparities in these areas. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2023 to February 2024 at Lisungwi Community Hospital and Neno District Hospital in Neno, Malawi. A total of 422 caregivers were conveniently sampled, with 248 from Lisungwi and 174 from Neno. Data were collected using a validated pre-tested questionnaire, assessing KAP on hypertension. Descriptive, one-way ANOVA and linear regression statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: In both Lisungwi and Neno hospitals, the majority of participants were female, accounting for 63.7% and 62.6%, respectively. The mean age of participants was 44.7 years (± 10.3) in Lisungwi and 45.3 years (± 9.3) in Neno, with average care durations of 4.1 years (± 3.3) and 4.2 years (± 3.2). Notably, 94.4% of caregivers at Lisungwi and 94.3% at Neno exhibited poor knowledge of hypertension; however, all caregivers maintained a positive attitude toward its prevention and management. Significant differences in practice scores were observed (p &lt; 0.001), with caregivers in Lisungwi performing better. Additionally, factors such as education, age, and occupation influenced Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) scores, while gender impacted practices alone. Conclusions: The findings of poor knowledge highlight the urgent need for enhanced educational interventions, gender-specific support, community engagement, and a context-specific approach to improve the knowledge and practices of caregivers, which are critical for effective hypertension prevention and management in rural setting.