Prevalence Rates Of Hypertension Research Articles

P205 HYPERTENSION AWARENESS, TREATMENT, AND CONTROL RATE IN NEPAL: AN EFFECTIVENESS OF WHO-PEN PACKAGE INTEGRATION THROUGH PRIMARY CARE TO ADDRESS THE NCDs

WHO-PEN, the essential NCD services even in resource constraint settings through PHC approach has been implemented in Nepal since 2017. PEN approach consists of set of protocols for the management of listed major diseases and behavioral interventions to address the associated major modifiable risk factors. The major focused diseases in PEN includes cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and chronic respiratory diseases. By 2021 it has been expanded across all 77 districts of Nepal. The aim of this analysis is to assess the before and after PEN package changes in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rate in Nepal. This analysis used the 2016 Nepal demographic and health survey (NDHS) data as a baseline(N=14,823) and 2022 NDHS data as an Edline(N=10,022). Awareness, treatment and control rate was calculated from the population aged 15 years and above along with the concentration Index (CI) to assess the changes in magnitude and inequalities before and after the intervention. Cluster sampling design was considered for all the inferential statistics and sample weight was used to obtain the population estimates. P<0.05 were considered statistically significant. The study revealed a non-significant change in the hypertension prevalence before and after the intervention (19.6% vs 20.1%;p>0.05). However, a significant change was observed in the awareness rate (40% vs 50.2%,p<0.05) and treatment rate (20.2% vs 31.7%,p<0.05). A significant wealth inequality was observed in awareness ((CI:0.12,p<0.001 in 2016) and (CI:0.13,p<0.001 in 2022)) and treatment rate ((CI:0.24,p<0.001 in 2016) and (CI:0.21,p<0.001 in 2022)) over the period of time. We did not find a significant change (51.7% vs 56.7%, p>0.05) and wealth inequalities in control rate (figure 1). The improvement in awareness and treatment rate over the period entails the integration of WHO-PEN package through primary care is effective, however, the persistent wealth inequalities indicate next level community-based intervention should be instrumental to address the NCDs burden targeted to ultra-poor/poor and marginalized population of Nepal.

Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension in the general population of Australia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

A recent call-to-action highlighted that Australia is lagging behind high-income countries regarding hypertension control rates. We performed a systematic literature search of reports on prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rates since 2010. We also undertook an individual participant data meta-analysis of six population-based studies in the general population from 1980 to 2018 to understand the size of the problem and trajectories over time. The aggregated data showed that after 2010, hypertension prevalence was 31% ]95% confidence interval (CI) 27-34%], and awareness, treatment, and control rates among people with hypertension were 56% (41-71%), 54% (46-62%) and 34% (22-47%), respectively. Since 1980, these figures have shown slight improvement. However, we noted a low availability of quality nationwide randomized databases for Australia. We require critical action to improve the prevention, detection and treatment of hypertension, and highlight the need for large-scale investment in tracking population health in order to produce vital health statistics for the nation.

Hypertension status and its risk factors in highlanders living in Ganzi Tibetan Plateau: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe updated status of hypertension and its risk factors are poorly evaluated in Tibetan highland areas. We initiated a large-scale cross-sectional survey to provide updated status of hypertension and its risk factors (especially salt intake) in the Ganzi Tibetan Plateau, China.MethodsStratified multistage random sampling was performed to obtain a representative sample of 4,036 adult residents from 4 counties in the Ganzi Tibetan area. The whole survey population was used to present the epidemiology and risk factors of hypertension. The participants with blood and urine biochemistry data were used to analyze the relationship between salt intake parameters and hypertension.ResultsStratified multistage random sampling was performed to obtain a representative sample of 4,036 adult residents. The overall prevalence rate of hypertension was 33.5% (the age-adjusted prevalence rate was 28.9%). A total of 50.9% of the hypertensive patients knew their conditions; 30.1% of them received antihypertensive treatment; and 11.2% of them had their blood pressure controlled. Age, male sex, living altitude ≥ 3500 m, overweight and abdominal obesity were positively correlated with hypertension. In addition, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for hypertension was 1.33 (95% CI: 1.01–1.74) for drinking tea with salt, and 1.51 (95% CI: 1.32–1.72) for per SD increase in the estimation of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (e24hUSE). Furthermore, per 100mmol/day increase in e24hUSE was associated with elevation of blood pressure (+ 10.16, 95% CI: 8.45–11.87 mmHg for SBP; +3.83, 95% CI: 2.74–4.93 mmHg for DBP) in this population.ConclusionsOur survey suggests a heavy disease burden of hypertension in the Ganzi Tibetan Plateau. Age, male sex, altitude of residence ≥ 3500 m, overweight, abdominal obesity, and excessive salt intake (shown as drinking tea with adding salt and a higher level of e24hUSE) all increased the risk of hypertension in this highland area.

Association between systemic inflammation markers and blood pressure among children and adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Few studies have estimated the associations of systemic inflammation markers and high blood pressure (HBP) in the pediatric population. Basing on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018, we assessed the associations between four inflammation-related factors based on blood cell counts: systemic immune inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and risk for pediatric HBP by estimating odds ratios (ORs) using multivariable logistic regression models. A total of 17,936 children aged 8-19 years were included in the analysis, representing about 36.7 million American children. The prevalence rates of elevated blood pressure (EBP) and hypertension (HTN) were 15.79% and 6.77%, respectively. The results showed that the ORs for EBP per standard deviation (SD) increment in SII and NLR were estimated at 1.11 [95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.04, 1.17] and 1.08 (95%CI: 1.02, 1.15), respectively; and the OR for EBP per SD increment in LMP were estimated at 0.90 (95%CI: 0.83, 0.96). These associations were stronger in boys and younger children. The study suggested that inflammation-related factors could serve as easily accessible early biomarkers for HBP risk prediction and prevention in children and adolescents. The study suggested that inflammation-related factors could serve as easily accessible early biomarkers for HBP risk prediction and prevention in children and adolescents. This is the first study that demonstrates the close association between systemic inflammation markers and HBP in children and adolescents using nationally representative population data. The findings have more public health implications and support that systemic inflammation markers based on blood cell counts could serve as easily accessible biomarkers of HBP risk and prevention in earlier identification of the diseases.

Association between diabetes prevalence and mortality risk in the elderly aged 60 years and above in Liaoning Province, 2017-2019

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of diabetes in the elderly aged ≥60 years in Liaoning Province from 2017 to 2019 and analyze the impact of blood glucose control on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Methods: A survey was conducted in the elderly aged ≥60 years in Liaoning from 2017 to 2019 to collect the information about the prevalence of diabetes and other chronic diseases in the diabetes patients. The mortality of the enrolled subjects was investigated in September 2023. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association between blood glucose control in the elderly with diabetes and the risks of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality. Results: The crude prevalence of diabetes in the elderly aged ≥60 years was 20.2% (2 014/9 958) in Liaoning from 2017 to 2019, and the standardized prevalence rate was 19.9%. The prevalence rates of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and overweight/obesity in the diabetes patients were 77.0%, 51.7%, and 67.5% respectively. The median follow-up time was 5.5 years, and the all-cause mortality and CVD mortality rates in the diabetes patients were 244.3/10 000 person-years and 142.9/10 000 person-years, respectively. The results of the Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis showed that compared with non-diabetic individuals, diabetes patients had an increased risk of all-cause mortality by 1.68 times [hazard ratio (HR)=1.68, 95%CI: 1.44-1.94] and an increased risk of CVD mortality by 1.56 times (HR=1.56, 95%CI: 1.29-1.89). The differences in risks of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality between the diabetes patients with normal fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels and people without diabetes were not significant (all P>0.05). The failure to meet either the FPG or HbA1c target increased the risk of all-cause mortality (all P<0.05). For individuals who failed to meet the HbA1c target, there was an increased risk of CVD mortality (all P<0.05). Conclusions: The comorbidity rate of chronic diseases was higher in the elderly with diabetes than in the elderly without diabetes in Liaoning. Elderly diabetes patients can benefit from good blood glucose control.

Prevalence of hypertension, blood pressure control and influencing factors in residents aged 35-75 years in Jiangsu Province

Objective: To understand the prevalence, blood pressure control, and influencing factors of hypertension in residents aged 35-75 years in Jiangsu Province, and provide data support and basis for hypertension prevention and treatment. Methods: A stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to conduct community population surveys in 22 districts and counties in 12 prefectures in Jiangsu from 2021 to 2022. A total of 123 531 permanent residents aged 35-75 years were included in the study. The questionnaire survey collected the information about the demographic characteristics, disease history, lifestyle, and control of hypertension of study subjects. Statistical software SPSS 23.0 was used for χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression analysis, and Joinpoint 4.9.1.0 software was used to evaluate the trend of age change. Results: The standardized prevalence of hypertension in study subjects was 46.60%, the prevalence was higher in men than in women, and in rural residents than in urban residents, and the standardized blood pressure control rate was 11.24%, and it was lower in men than in women and in rural residents than in urban residents. The hypertension prevalence and control rates showed increasing trends with age (both P<0.001). The multivariate analysis results showed that being man, older age, being rural resident, higher frequency of alcohol consumption, marital status of being separated and widowed, overweight and obese, abdominal obesity and stroke, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemic diseases histories, and family history of hypertension were risk factors for hypertension, and being man, being rural resident, living north area, higher frequency of alcohol consumption, and obesity were risk factors for blood pressure control. Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension in residents aged 35-75 years in Jiangsu was high, and the rate of blood pressure control was low. It is suggested to take integrated intervention measures, especially in in rural residents and people with low levels of education to reduce the disease burden of the patients.

Prevalence, awareness, treatment, control of hypertension among adults inhabited in the coastal area of Tianjin, China

Hypertension has long been a worldwide health concern. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension and analyze the factors related to hypertension among adult residents of the coastal areas of Tianjin, China. This was a cross-sectional study. Adults aged 35 to 75 years were selected for the study using cluster random sampling methods. Detailed information was collected via face-to-face surveys and medical checkups. We assessed the rates of hypertension in the total population and sub-populations and used multivariable logistic regression to identify the factors associated with the prevalence and the control of hypertension. In total, 6305 participants aged 55.22 ± 10.37 years were included in this study. Approximately 49.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 48.5%–51.1%) of the population had hypertension; the prevalence increased with age and body mass index (all P &lt; .001). Multivariable logistic regression showed that the odds ratio of hypertension was 5.93 times more in participants aged 65 to 75 years than in those aged 35 to 44 (95% CI: 4.85–7.26, P &lt; .001). The odds ratio of hypertension was 3.63 times more in obese participants than in those of normal weight (95% CI: 3.08–4.28, P &lt; .001). Additionally, the awareness, treatment, control, and control under-treatment rates of hypertension were 89.7%, 83.6%, 54.4%, and 60.5%, respectively. Factors associated with having controlled hypertension included sex, body mass index, and dyslipidemia (all P &lt; .01). Our study identified that in the coastal area of Tianjin, China, about half have hypertension, also the region has high rates of hypertension awareness, treatment and control, and more than half of hypertension patients receiving treatment have controlled hypertension.

Prevalence and Incidence of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Among HIV-Infected Individuals Receiving HAART in Chongwe District, Lusaka Province, Zambia

Background: The Zambia National Health Strategic Plan (ZNHSP) 2011–2017 underscores the need for community-level risk factor stratification to bolster insufficient incidence and prevalence data. This study evaluates the prevalence and incidence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in HIV-infected patients on Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) and assesses associations with ARV use. Methodology: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using the SMART CARE database in Chongwe district, involving 2070 HIV-infected persons on HAART. Statistical analysis included Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and logistic regression. Results: Among participants, 33.8% exhibited hypertension, with an incidence case fatality rate of 85.7 per 1000 person-years (PYFU). Hypertension was notably higher in men (64%) than women (49%) and prevalent in the 18–45 age group (57.2%). The incidence of type II diabetes was 37.4 per 1000 PYFU. Logistic regression highlighted significant predictors for both conditions, including ART combination, age, and smoking status. Conclusion: High prevalence and incidence rates of hypertension and type II diabetes were observed among HIV-positive individuals on HAART. Certain HAART combinations, particularly twoNRTIs plus a PI or INSTI, correlated with increased hypertension risk, while combinations including NNRTI or INSTI were linked to higher diabetes incidence.

#1455 Pregnancy and related complications after kidney transplantation—a retrospective study

Abstract Background and Aims Background Within 2 to 3 weeks of a successful renal transplantation, the fertility of women in childbearing age improves; however, pregnancy after kidney transplantation is challenging and may be associated with serious maternal and fetal complications. Aims To study the prevalence of pregnancy and pregnancy related complication after kidney transplantation (KT). Method Retrospective cohort study conducted on 236 patients out of 3000 kidney transplant recipient who underwent renal transplantation (RT) at Mansoura Urology and Nephrology Centre between March 1976 and December 2019, divided into two groups, group I; 118 kidney transplant recipient who experienced pregnancy at any time after kidney transplantation and Group II; 118 kidney transplant recipients who didn`t experience pregnancy after renal transplantation, they were matched according to age, duration of renal transplantation and they are comparable in primary immunosuppressant drugs. All kidney recipients were reviewed for preoperative, operative, and post-operative details also we record maternal and fetal complication. Results Prevalence of pregnancy in our center is 191 pregnancies in 118 women who had underwent kidney transplantation between 1976 and 2019. We have found that the mean age of pregnancy between (26.27 ± 4.37-29.89 ± 4.6), the mean gestational age between (33.69 ± 6.4 – 33 ± 7.5) weeks, the live birth rate is 126 (66%). Preterm delivery rate in our study is 85 (44.5%), neonatal death 8 (4.1%), miscarriage 59 (30.9%), intrauterine fetal death 6 (3.1%) and birth defect 4 (2%). The prevalence rates of gestational hypertension is 87 (45.5%), pre-eclampsia 48 (25.1%), gestational diabetes 19 (9.9%), urinary tract infection 36 (18.8%), and graft rejection 8 (4.1%) during pregnancy. caesarean section is the most common method of delivery in our study 133 (69.6%). Conclusion The risk of maternal and fetal complications is still high in RT patients and requires multidisciplinary care. All should be considered in patient counseling and clinical decision making. So we recommend educating the transplanted patients to allow for outcome optimization and minimization of complications.

#1844 Pregnancy outcome among kidney transplant recipients

Abstract Background and Aims Background The possibility of a term pregnancy is one of the benefits of solid organ transplantation for women. The gonadal dysfunction, caused by the failure of the kidney or another organ, is reverted within a few months after normal graft function. Unplanned pregnancies in transplant recipients, however, may compromise graft function and survival, and may also risk unnecessary fetal exposure to immunosuppressive medications. Aims To study the prevalence of pregnancy and pregnancy related complication after kidney transplantation (KT). Method Retrospective cohort study conducted on 236 patients out of 3000 kidney transplant recipient who underwent renal transplantation (RT) at Mansoura Urology and Nephrology Centre between March 1976 and December 2019. divided into group I; 118 kidney transplant female's recipient experienced pregnancy at any time after kidney transplant and group II; 118 kidney transplant female's recipients who didn`t experience pregnancy after renal transplantation, they were matched according to age and duration of renal transplantation and comparable in primary immunosuppressant drugs. all kidney recipients were reviewed for preoperative &amp; operative and post-operative details also we record maternal and fetal complication. Results Prevalence of pregnancy in our center is 191 pregnancies in 118 women who had underwent kidney transplantation between 1976 and 2019. We have found that the mean age of pregnancy between (26.27 ± 4.37-29.89 ± 4.6), the mean gestational age between (33.69 ± 6.4 – 33 ± 7.5) weeks, the live birth rate is 126 (66%). Preterm delivery rate in our study is 85 (44.5%), neonatal death 8 (4.1%), miscarriage 59 (30.9%), intrauterine fetal death 6 (3.1%) and birth defect 4 (2%). The prevalence rates of gestational hypertension is 87 (45.5%), pre-eclampsia 48 (25.1%), gestational diabetes 19 (9.9%), urinary tract infection 36 (18.8%), and graft rejection 8 (4.1%) during pregnancy. caesarean section is the most common method of delivery in our study 133 (69.6%). Kidney transplant recipients who aged more than or equal to 30 years at time of pregnancy are at higher risk for having non live-birth outcome (OR: 3.2, p value: 0.05). Proteinuria more than or equal to 0.5 g/day before pregnancy is a significant risk factor for having non live-birth outcome (OR: 4.7, p value: 0.009). Also, proteinuria ≥0.5 g/day during pregnancy is associated with increases risk for non-live-birth (OR: 10.2, p value: 0.013). Gesatational hypertension is associated with increases risk for non-live-birth (OR: 8.3, p value: 0.010).Preeclampsia is associated with increases risk for non-live-birth (OR: 4.6, p value: 0.005). Conclusion Although the outcome of live births is favourable, the risks of maternal and fetal complications are high in kidney transplant recipients including pregnancy-induced hypertension, increased rates of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and caesarean section rates. The risk of miscarriage, prematurity, and low birth rate is also high.

#2252 Outcome of pregnancy after kidney transplantation

Abstract Background and Aims Background The possibility of a term pregnancy is one of the benefits of solid organ transplantation for women. The gonadal dysfunction, caused by the failure of the kidney or another organ, is reverted within a few months after normal graft function. Unplanned pregnancies in transplant recipients, however, may compromise graft function and survival, and may also risk unnecessary fetal exposure to immunosuppressive medications. Aims To study the prevalence of pregnancy and pregnancy related complication after kidney transplantation (KT). Method Retrospective cohort study conducted on 236 patients out of 3000 kidney transplant recipient who underwent renal transplantation (RT) at Mansoura Urology and Nephrology Centre between March 1976 and December 2019. divided into group I; 118 kidney transplant female's recipient experienced pregnancy at any time after kidney transplant and group II; 118 kidney transplant female's recipients who didn't experience pregnancy after renal transplantation, they were matched according to age and duration of renal transplantation and comparable in primary immunosuppressant drugs. all kidney recipients were reviewed for preoperative &amp; operative and post-operative details also we record maternal and fetal complication. Results Prevalence of pregnancy in our center is 191 pregnancies in 118 women who had underwent kidney transplantation between 1976 and 2019. We have found that the mean age of pregnancy between (26.27 ± 4.37 - 29.89 ± 4.6), the mean gestational age between (33.69 ± 6.4 - 33 ± 7.5) weeks, the live birth rate is 126 (66%). Preterm delivery rate in our study is 85 (44.5%), neonatal death 8 (4.1%), miscarriage 59 (30.9%), intrauterine fetal death 6 (3.1%) and birth defect 4 (2%). The prevalence rates of gestational hypertension is 87 (45.5%), pre-eclampsia 48 (25.1%), gestational diabetes 19 (9.9%), urinary tract infection 36 (18.8%), and graft rejection 8 (4.1%) during pregnancy. caesarean section is the most common method of delivery in our study 133 (69.6%). Kidney transplant recipients who aged more than or equal to 30 years at time of pregnancy are at higher risk for having non live-birth outcome (OR: 3.2, p value: 0.05). Proteinuria more than or equal to 0.5 g/day before pregnancy is a significant risk factor for having non live-birth outcome (OR: 4.7, p value: 0.009). Also, proteinuria ≥0.5 g/day during pregnancy is associated with increases risk for non-live-birth (OR: 10.2, p value: 0.013). Gestational hypertension is associated with increases risk for non-live-birth (OR: 8.3, p value: 0.010).Preeclampsia is associated with increases risk for non-live-birth ( OR: 4.6, p value: 0.005). Conclusion Although the outcome of live births is favourable, the risks of maternal and fetal complications are high in kidney transplant recipients including pregnancy-induced hypertension, increased rates of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and caesarean section rates. The risk of miscarriage, prematurity, and low birth rate is also high.

Association of dietary habits with body mass index and waist circumference, and their interaction effect on hypertension.

Dietary modifications play a crucial role in blood pressure management, and although body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are significant predictors of hypertension, limited studies have explored their relationship with dietary habits. This cross-sectional study conducted in Ganzhou, China, focused on middle-aged and elderly residents to investigate the correlation between dietary habits and BMI, WC, and their interaction impact on hypertension. The study found that salty and sweet intake correlated positively with BMI and WC, whereas bean and coarse grain intake were negatively correlated. A significant interaction effect was showed between dietary habits, and BMI and WC on hypertension. Specifically, individuals with obesity or central obesity combined with poor dietary habits had higher odds of hypertension. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for nutritional interventions for middle-aged and elderly residents with varying obesity levels for the prevention and treatment of hypertension at the community level. The study concluded that dietary habits are significantly associated with BMI and WC, and poor dietary habits coexistence with obesity or central obesity can increase the prevalence rate of hypertension. Understanding these relationships can help develop strategies to address hypertension through dietary and lifestyle changes, providing valuable insights for healthcare professionals and policymakers to develop effective interventions addressing this growing global health concern.

Utilization of nutrition information on food labels by diabetic mellitus and hypertensive patients attending clinic at Kakamega County Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya

The aim of food labels is to inform consumers on the food content. The information conveyed on food labels has evolved over time thus the objectives of food labelling have become numerous. Despite the recognized association of food labels utilization and disease management, the current global mortality rate from diabetes mellitus and hypertension remains high. In order for the prevalence rate of diabetes mellitus and hypertension to reduce, population-wide interventions including the promotion of healthy diets through the provision of adequate information on food labels should be done. This study aimed at assessing utilization of nutrition information on food labels by diabetic mellitus and hypertensive patients. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in March and April 2022 at Kakamega County Teaching and Referral hospital, Kenya. Data was collected from respondents using a structured questionnaire administered to 125 randomly selected respondents and the response rate was 80%. Socio- demographic characteristics of the study participants were determined using descriptive statistics for distribution. Association between the study variables was determined using Chi-square test. Statistical significance was set at p&lt;0.05. The analyzed data was presented by use of frequency tables, graphs and pie charts. About 46% of the respondents were aged &gt;60years. About 73% were married and about 40% reported to have completed primary education level. About 39 % were self-employed earning less than Ksh. 5,000 (50 USD) per month. Prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in Kakamega were at 4.6% and 29.4% respectively. Age (p= 0.028), Education (p= 0.001), Job/employment (p=0.0010), Monthly income (p=0.001) and Monthly household food expenditure (p=0.007) significantly influenced utilization of food labels. About 64% (n=64) reported to be knowing what food labels are and about 34% (n=34) reported not knowing what they are. About 46.8% (n=30) of those who reported they read the labels participants reported that they read nutrition information every time they purchased the product, 37.5% (n=24) read the information the first time they purchased the product and 15.7% (n=10) read nutrition information on food labels at other different times. Food prices, nutrition information on the food label, health and nutrition status and fat/sodium/sugar content were among the factors that had a high influence on utilization of food labels. This study recommends nutrition education to the general population on benefits of reading nutrition information on food labels in order to make healthful food choices in order to reduce the prevalence of these chronic diseases. Key words: Food labels, Utilization, Nutrition, Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Kakamega

Monitoring Cardiovascular Disease in Métis Citizens Across Ontario, 2012-2020

BackgroundPopulation-based analyses of Métis-specific health outcomes in Canada are limited. This study aimed to address this gap and examine cardiovascular disease outcomes in citizens of the Métis Nation of Ontario (MNO) over a 9-year period. MethodsUnder a data governance and sharing agreement between the MNO and ICES, registered MNO citizens aged ≥ 20 years were linked to administrative health data in Ontario. Existing algorithms were used to determine the burden of heart failure and hypertension. In the most recent year, prevalence rates were compared for income quintiles, age, and sex. ResultsAge-adjusted prevalence rates of hypertension decreased, and age-adjusted prevalence rates of heart failure increased in MNO citizens from 2012 to 2020. A larger decrease in prevalence of hypertension was observed for female citizens, by 12% from 28.9 per 100 (confidence interval [CI]: 27.6-30.2) in 2012 to 25.4 per 100 (CI: 24.5-26.3) in 2020. As for heart failure, the age-adjusted prevalence rates for male citizens had the largest increase, by 47% from 2.6 per 100 (CI: 2.1-3.1) in 2012 to 3.8 per 100 (CI: 3.3-4.2) in 2020. Hypertension and heart failure were more prevalent in male citizens, those of advanced age, and those living in areas within the lowest income quintile. ConclusionsThis study is the first in nearly 10 years to investigate trends in cardiovascular outcomes among MNO citizens. Understanding this burden is critical to the MNO’s ability to guide program and policy planning, as well as to advocate within and beyond the health system for Métis-specific needs.

Associations between Neck Circumference, Mid-Upper Arm Circumference, Wrist Circumference, and High Blood Pressure among Lithuanian Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study.

(1) Background: High blood pressure (HBP) and obesity are significant and growing public health issues worldwide. Our study aimed to evaluate the associations of neck circumference (NC), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and wrist circumference (WrC) with HBP among Lithuanian children and adolescents aged 7-17 years. (2) Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data on BP and anthropometric measurements were analysed in 3688 children and adolescents aged 7-17 years. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the associations between anthropometric indices and HBP. (3) Results: Overall, the prevalence rates of elevated BP and hypertension were 13.7% and 12.9%, respectively. After adjustment for age, BMI, and WC, statistically significant elevated aORs were observed for associations between greater NC, MUAC, WrC, and HBP in boys (aORs: 2.13, 2.46, and 2.48, respectively) and in girls (aORs: 2.01, 2.36, and 2.09, respectively). Moreover, per-unit increase in NC, MUAC, and WrC was also associated with greater odds of HBP in boys (aORs: 1.20, 1.21, and 1.37, respectively) and in girls (aORs: 1.10, 1.10, and 1.21, respectively). The analysed anthropometric indices presented higher area under the curve values for predicting HBP in boys than in girls. (4) Conclusions: This study suggests that higher NC, MUAC, and WrC are associated with increased odds of HBP in Lithuanian children and adolescents.

Association between dietary selenium intake and the prevalence of hypertension: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2018.

The epidemiological evidence regarding the impact of dietary selenium intake on hypertension continues to be a subject of controversy. Our objective is to examine the correlation between dietary selenium intake and the prevalence of hypertension within a substantial and diverse population in the United States. We carried out a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to assess the association between dietary selenium intake and hypertension prevalence. Weight logistic regression analysis and smooth curve fitting were utilized to explore potential linear relationships. Subgroup analysis was further employed to investigate potential differences in this relationship across populations and assess potential synergies. The study included 32,928 individuals, and the average dietary selenium intake was 1.12 ± 0.53 μg. The prevalence rate of hypertension was 36.55% overall and decreased with the higher dietary selenium intake quartiles (quartiles 1, 40.25%; quartiles 2, 37.71%; quartiles 3, 36.04%, quartiles 4, 32.23%, p < 0.001). Each quartile increase in dietary selenium intake associated with 11% decreased the likelihood of prevalence of hypertension [OR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.80-1.00; p = 0.0425]. Subgroup analyses revealed that there was no significant correlation between gender, age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and diabetes mellitus in relation to the association between dietary selenium intake and the prevalence of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension in adults was found to be linearly and negatively correlated with dietary selenium intake. In order to improve the prevention and treatment of hypertension, greater emphasis should be placed on selenium consumption.

Green space modified the association between air pollutants and hypertension in China

ABSTRACT Evidence regarding the combined effects of green space and air pollutants on hypertension remains limited and complex. This study aims to investigate the varying effects of greenness under different air pollution levels in China, using data from the wave 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) involving 17 468 adults (aged ≥ 45 years). As a result, the prevalence rate of hypertension was 42.04%. Logistic regression analyses revealed the positive associations between air pollution concentrations at the city level and prevalent hypertension and the negative associations between NDVI and prevalent hypertension, all of which were more prominent in the populations of the eastern and rural regions. Notably, the negative effect of green space was greater at the lowest quartiles of each air pollutant (OR for PM2.5 quartiles = 0.724, 0.792, 0.740, and 0.931) . Improving air quality and greenness could potentially reduce hypertension risk, and minimizing air pollution might optimize the protective effects of greenness.

1112 Prevalence rates of chronic hypertension and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: US national trends 2015-2020

1112 Prevalence rates of chronic hypertension and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: US national trends 2015-2020

Patients Adherence to Dual Antiplatelet after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Drug Eluting Stent Covered by Government Insurance (Sehat Card Plus Program)- An Experience from a Large Tertiary Care Cardiac Center in a Low to Middle Income Country

Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a critical procedure for patients with coronary artery disease. Ensuring adherence to dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) post-PCI is essential for optimal patient outcomes. This study explores the impact of DAPT adherence on patient health and mortality rates in a hospital setting. Objective: To investigate the outcomes associated with patient adherence to DAPT following PCI. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 502 PCI patients at the Peshawar Institute of Cardiology from November 2022 to October 2023. All patients were prescribed DAPT and followed up 7 months post-PCI. Data were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS Version 25. Results: The study enrolled 502 patients with a mean age of 60.19 ± 10.01 years. Among them, 66.5% (334) were male, and 33.5% (168) were female. Adherence to DAPT was 100%, with a mortality rate of 0.2% (1 patient). All patients were educated. The prevalence rates for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and tobacco use were 19.9% (100 patients), 35.1% (176 patients), and 8.6% (43 patients), respectively. Conclusion: The study concluded that high adherence to DAPT post-PCI is significantly associated with improved patient health and a low mortality rate.

THE PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF DEMENTIA CAREGIVING IN THE US: FINDINGS FROM THE 2021 BRFSS

Abstract To further elevate dementia caregiving as a public health imperative, representative data that highlights more local variations in dementia caregiving is essential, as such data can better target and tailor services as well as advance policy innovations at the state level. We empirically examined state variations in dementia caregiving in the U.S. by analyzing data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) among the 39 states that used the Caregiver Module in 2021. Prevalence of hypertension among dementia caregivers ranged from a low of 28.7% (CI 16.7-44.8) in South Dakota to a high of 53.6% (CI 43.9-63.1) in Arkansas. The mean hypertension prevalence rate in the 39 states for dementia caregivers was 42.0%, compared with a mean hypertension prevalence rate for non-dementia caregivers of 38.2%. Close to half (44.2%, CI 31.8-56.6) of dementia caregivers in Michigan provide care for 40 or more hours per week. In 35 of the 39 states, at least one-third of dementia caregivers provide care for 20 or more hours per week; in comparison, at least one-third of non-dementia caregivers provide care for 20 or more hours per week in only 7 of the 39 states. The findings illustrate how intensity and the health implications of dementia care vary across states in the U.S. and can help inform more localized programmatic and policy targets to address the public health implications of dementia care.