Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale Research Articles

Evaluation of Hypertension-Related Knowledge, Medication Adherence, and Associated Factors Among Hypertensive Patients in the Aljouf Region, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background and Objectives: Hypertensive patients' knowledge and adherence to prescribed medicines are critical in managing their condition, as poor adherence may lead to adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events. The present study assessed hypertension-related knowledge and medication adherence among hypertensive patients attending primary health centers (PHCs) in the Aljouf Province, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, we conducted this survey on 390 patients. Self-reported hypertension knowledge was assessed using the Hypertension Knowledge Level Scale (HK-LS), and medication adherence was determined using the Hill-Bone Medication Adherence Scale. We used binomial regression analysis (adjusted with other variables) to find the associated factors of medication adherence. Results: This study found that nearly half (49.2%) of the participants had inadequate knowledge, and poor medication adherence was noted in 40.8% of the participants. We found a positive correlation between HK-LS and the Hill-Bone Medication Adherence Scale scores (Spearman's rho = 0.312, p = 0.002). Medication adherence was significantly associated with job status (private sector (ref: public sector, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.18-3.62, p = 0.005)), living in an urban region (ref: rural, AOR = 3.61, 95% CI = 1.85-5.72, p = 0.002), and duration since diagnosis of more than 5 years (ref: ≤1 year, AOR = 3.53, 95% CI = 2.36-4.95, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The present study findings indicate that there is still a critical gap in managing hypertension at the PHCs in this region, and this may lead to poor health outcomes among the patients and burden the healthcare system. Hence, continuous patient education and targeted counseling are recommended for those with poor medication adherence.

The effect of therapeutic education program on hypertensive Tunisian patients' knowledge: a randomized controlled trial.

Hypertension is a prevalent non-communicable disease and unequivocally one of the most serious health threats of the twenty-first century. The prevention of both immediate and long-term consequences depends on ongoing therapeutic education. To assess Tunisian hypertensive patients' knowledge of hypertension and then evaluate the impact of an educational program on knowledge among this population. A randomized controlled trial was carried out among 639 hypertensive patients in Tunisia. The control group received only basic medical care, while the experimental group acquired additionally an educational program. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that included an information sheet and the Hypertension Knowledge Level Scale (HK-LS). Before to the implementation of the program, only 12.1% of the participants had a good level of knowledge about hypertension (12.8% for the experimental group, vs. 10.5% for the control group, P=0.57). Following the program's deployment, the rate of good level of knowledge became 63.6% for the experimental group vs. 11.4% for the control group, P<0.001). The results revealed that the experimental group showed a significant amelioration in the total score of the HK-LS: from 58.49 to 76.94%, P<0.0001. In contrast, no significant amelioration was noted in the control group. Concerning the six dimensions of the scale, the amelioration in the experimental group was observed in all dimensions, except the treatment dimension. Overall, the findings indicated low levels of knowledge about hypertension. This kind of approach proved an effective improvement in disease-related knowledge and may be essential for hypertension management.

Medication Adherence, Blood Pressure Control, Knowledge, Self-care and Self-efficacy among Tunisian Hypertensive Patients

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the associated factors with adherence to antihypertensive therapy and to explore the association between medication adherence, blood pressure control, knowledge about hypertension (HTN), self-care, and self-efficacy in hypertensive patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 750 hypertensive patients in Tunisia. The data collection tool was a 5-section questionnaire including an information sheet, the Girerd medication adherence scale, the HTN Knowledge Level Scale (HK-LS), the Self-care of HTN Inventory (SC-HI), and the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale (SEM6S). Results A low and moderate level of medication adherence has been observed in 83.2% of the participants. Uncontrolled blood pressure was detected in 73.1% of cases. Only 11.5% have a good level of knowledge about HTN. Concerning Self-care practices, 48.8% of patients have inadequate practices of maintenance, 48.8% have inadequate practices of monitoring, and 83.9% have inadequate practices of management. The self-efficacy for managing HTN was weak in 42.1% of the participants. In multivariate analysis, low medication adherence was associated with the number of antihypertensive pills/day (ORa=2.668; CI95%= (1.447- 4.918) if ≥ 4 pills/day), side effects (ORa=1.834; CI95%= (1.263- 2.665); p=0.001), uncontrolled hypertension (ORa=2.74; CI95%= (1.798- 4.18); p&lt;0.0001), insufficient self-efficacy for managing HTN (ORa=1.773; CI95%=(1.252- 2.512); p&lt;0.0001), and insufficient self-care maintenance (ORa=2.220; CI95%=(1.562- 3.1570); p&lt;0.0001). Conclusion Low medication adherence was associated with uncontrolled blood pressure, more anti-hypertensive pills, side effects, lower self-efficacy, and lower self-care maintenance. Nursing interventions improving the management skills of hypertensive patients may be beneficial in controlling the disease and its subsequent consequences.

O28 EVALUATE THE IMPACT OF STRUCTURED TRAINING COURSE ON HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS OF LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS FOR HYPERTENSION MANAGEMENT

Background: This study explores how structured training program enhances healthcare professionals’ awareness of lifestyle modifications for hypertension. Assessing its impact on both knowledge and patient guidance, with an aim to improve healthcare delivery by equipping professionals with informed strategies for lifestyle modification. Design and Methods: A quasi-experimental design was employed with sample size of 750 HCPs. The Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS), a modified questionnaire based on guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO), was utilized to assess participants’ understanding of hypertension, knowledge of lifestyle modification, and clinical practice. A 12-week online course comprising seven modules was delivered to the HCPs, followed by pre- and post-tests to measure changes in knowledge regarding lifestyle modifications. Results: The analysis revealed a substantial increase in HCPs knowledge levels post-intervention compared to pre-intervention regarding hypertension (t = 4.90, p = 0.001), lifestyle modification (t = 3.62, p = 0.001), and their proficiency in offering lifestyle advice to patients (t = 3.56, p = 0.001). In addition to these positive outcomes among HCPs, the intervention also highlighted significant gender disparities in attendance and outcomes among participants. Females exhibited a higher attendance rate of 75% compared to males, with consequent improvements in practice, while males showed a more substantial enhancement in knowledge levels post-intervention. These findings underscore the importance of addressing gender-specific barriers to improvement, such as socio-cultural factors for females and preconceived notions for males, to optimize the effectiveness of future interventions in promoting healthier behaviors and outcomes. Conclusions: Structured training programs are imperative for enhancing HCPs’ knowledge of lifestyle modification, particularly in the context of hypertension, as a crucial component of primary prevention strategies. This signifies the effectiveness of the structured training program in enhancing HCPs’ comprehension of hypertension management and their ability to guide patients toward adopting healthier lifestyles.

The Relationship of Characteristics of Hypertensive Patients to the Level of Adherence to Taking Hypertension Medication at the Pal Tiga Health Center, Pontianak

Background: One of the non-communicable diseases that is a serious health problem today is hypertension. It is often referred to as the silent killer because sufferers usually do not know they have hypertension before checking their blood pressure. Objective: To determine the relationship between patient characteristics (education, level of knowledge, and BPJS safety) and the level of adherence to hypertension medication at the Pal Tiga Pontianak Health Center. Method: This research uses a cross-sectional method. The sample in this study was 89 hypertension patients at the Pal Tiga Pontianak Health Center. The research instrument used in this study was in the form of a questionnaire filled out by the respondents. The questionnaires used were the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) and the Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS). The correlation test used is a Spearman test. Result: the relationship between education, knowledge level, and BPJS participation on the level of adherence to hypertension medication of respondents, respectively p-value was obtained of 0.879; 0.189; and 0.802. Conclusion: There is no relationship between education, knowledge level, and BPJS participation in compliance with taking hypertension medication at the Pal Tiga Pontianak Health Center. this is done by interviewing patients with an MMSA compliance questionnaire abstract that does not need to be divided into.

Dietary adherence and associated factors among hypertensive patients in governmental hospitals of Guji zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

BackgroundThe Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet has been shown to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive adults, but there is limited information available on dietary adherence and related factors among hypertensive patients in the study area. Hence, the current study aimed to assess dietary adherence and associated factors among hypertensive patients aged greater than or equal to 18 years old in governmental hospitals of Guji zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted between June 5, 2023, and August 30, 2023. For this study, patients with a systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or higher and/or a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or higher on two separate occasions were classified as hypertensive. Thus, the study involved 399 hypertensive patients who were selected using systematic random sampling methods. The level of knowledge regarding hypertension was measured through the use of hypertension knowledge-level scale (HK-LS) questionnaires, while the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were assessed using the Cronbach’s alpha test (α ≥ 0.70).The association between factors was analyzed using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and a 95% confidence interval. Variables with p-values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsAmong the respondents, only 28.30% (CI: 23.9, 33) of participants were found to be adherent to the recommended diet. Factors like participation in nutritional education, level of knowledge, respondents’ ages, and length of time since hypertension diagnosis showed a strong association with adherence to recommended dietary guidelines.ConclusionsThe research findings indicated that the level of compliance with the prescribed diet was generally subpar among individuals with hypertension in comparison to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet recommendations. So, it is essential to offer hypertensive patients an education focused on health and nutrition in order to enhance their adherence to dietary guidelines and promote a healthier dietary routine. The results of this research will also be valuable in increasing awareness among policymakers and the general public about the dietary adherence and its associated factors, thus aiding in the development and execution of suitable interventions.

Surveying knowledge about hypertension and related factors among hypertensive patients at some medical stations in Thua Thien Hue province

Introduction: Understanding hypertension is essential for its effective treatment and management. This study aims to assesse the knowledge level of hypertensive patients at commune health centers in Thua Thien Hue provinceand identify influencing their’ knowledge of hypertension. Methods: A cross-sectional approach was employed in this study. Hypertension knowledge was assessed using the Hypertension Knowledge - Level Scale (HK-LS) by SB Erkoc, while demographic details, lifestyle, clinical characteristics, medication adherence, and patient’s beliefs about mediicne were also collected. The analysis involved the use of the Chi-square test, t-test, and multiple logistic regression model in SPSS 27.0 software to examine relevant factors. Results: A total of 355 participants took part in the study, with women constituting 55.5%. Only 35.2% of patients demonstrated a high level of knowledge about hypertension. The mean knowledge score was 13.8 (standard deviation: SD = 4.9). This score was significantly higher in the high knowledge group (mean = 18.3, SD = 1.2) compared to the low knowledge group (mean = 11.3, SD = 4.3), with p &lt; 0.001. Education level, ethnicity, monitoring of blood pressure at home, and patient beliefs about medicine were identified as significant factors associated with knowledge about hypertension. Conclusions: The study reveals a low proportion of hypertensive patients with a high level of knowledge at commune health centers in Thua Thien Hue province. Factors such as education level, ethnicity, home blood pressure monitoring, and patients’ beliefs about medicine were significantly associated with knowledge about hypertension. Coordinated interventions, including patient education and addressing medication beliefs, are essential to enhance treatment outcomes. Key words: knowledge, hypertension, blood pressure, beliefs about medicine.

Assessing knowledge about hypertension and identifying predictors of inadequate knowledge in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.

Globally, hypertension is among the leading causes of premature mortality. It is a noncommunicable disease characterized by a persistent state of raised blood pressure that increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and medical conditions affecting the brain and kidneys. There is a paucity of thorough hypertension knowledge assessment among hypertensive patients in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. Thus, this study aimed to assess overall and specific knowledge about hypertension and to identify predictors of inadequate knowledge. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia between February and April 2023. Data were collected using an online, self-administered questionnaire divided into two sections. In the first section, the characteristics of the participants were collected. In the second section, the Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale was used to measure overall and specific knowledge areas (subdimensions). The overall and subdimensional means were tested using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests. Furthermore, the binary logistic regression was conducted to determine inadequate knowledge predictors. In all 253 hypertensive patients were eligible for participation; almost 70% of whom were male. The mean age of the participants was 45 years (±14.7), and their mean overall knowledge score was 17.60 (±5.09), which was equivalent to 67.7% of the maximum score. In addition, 40.7% of participants had an adequate level of hypertension knowledge. The complications subdimension level of knowledge was borderline optimal. At the same time, an adequate knowledge level was detected only in the lifestyle subdimension. Most patients showed inadequate levels of knowledge related to hypertension management. Diet, medical treatment, disease definition, drug compliance, and complications were subsequently the least knowledgeable subdimensions among the study population. Therefore, these subdimensions should be prioritized when planning hypertension educational interventions and during follow-up sessions, especially for patients of younger age groups and those with lower educational levels.

Vietnamese version of the Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS): Translation and validation.

In Vietnam, the prevalence of hypertension is increasing rapidly. Patients need to be conscious of the disease for timely prevention and treatment. The Hypertension Knowledge Level Scale (HK-LS) is commonly used to assess knowledge about hypertension. Data collection was took place in a hospital in Binh Thuan province, Vietnam in February 2020 with a total of 184 paticipants. Translation and adaptation of the HK-LS, validate the questionnaire through in-person interviews with outpatients diagnosed with hypertension. The translation process followed WHO guidelines. The appraisal process evaluates through reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) and validity (meaningful relationship between the response results of the scale and the patient's characteristics). The Vietnamese version of the HK-LS was translated and proven to be reliable (Cronbach's alpha=0.72) and valid (statistically significant difference between age groups (P=0.021) and educational background (P=0.007). The HK-LS was translated from English into Vietnamese; the questions are clear, intelligible, and suitable for surveying patients in Vietnam.

Level of Knowledge of Hypertension Patients and Compliance with Treatment at Sirnajaya Health Center

Background: Uncontrolled hypertension is the most common and important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which can lead to complications or even death. Uncontrolled hypertension can be caused by noncompliance with hypertension medication instructions. One factor contributing to the disobedience of hypertension medication instructions is the level of knowledge on hypertension. Purposes: This study analyzed the correlation between patients’ hypertension knowledge and hypertension medication compliance in Sirnajaya Health Center, Bekasi, West Java, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 62 hypertension patients in Sirnajaya Health Center in December 2022. They were asked to answer the Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS) questionnaire and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8) to assess their hypertension knowledge and compliance with the hypertension medication. The chi-squared test was used to determine the correlations between the variables. Results: There were 36 respondents (58.1%) with low knowledge and 39 respondents (62.9%) with low medication compliance. Analysis through the chi-squared test reveals a correlation between knowledge level and medication compliance (p &lt;0.001). Conclusion: There was a correlation between hypertension knowledge and compliance in consuming hypertension medication among the hypertension patients of Sirnajaya Health Center, Bekasi, West Java, Indonesia.

Relation between Hypertension Knowledge and Behavior with Blood Pressure on Hypertensive Farm Workers in Mumbulsari Public Health Center Working Area

The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia is still relatively high. One of them is hypertension experienced by people who work as farm workers. The high prevalence of hypertension can be caused by the lack of knowledge and behavior of farm workers regarding hypertension. Knowledge about hypertension affects the formation of hypertension control behavior so that it has an impact on blood pressure values. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and behavior about hypertension with the blood pressure of hypertensive farm workers in the work area of the Mumbulsari Jember Health Center. This study used subjects of agricultural workers who had hypertension in the working area of the Mumbulsari Jember Health Center. The study was conducted by measuring the subject's knowledge about hypertension using the Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS) questionnaire, the subject's behavior regarding hypertension using the High Blood Pressure – Self Care Profile – Behavior Scale (HBP-SCP-BS) questionnaire, and blood pressure using a digital sphygmomanometer. The results of the study obtained included the majority of subjects had knowledge with sufficient category of 61.90%, behavior with sufficient category of 57.14%, and blood pressure with stage 1 hypertension category of 47.61%. Bivariate analysis with the Mann-Whitney test did not show a significant association between knowledge and blood pressure, but there was a significant relationship between behavior and blood pressure.

Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Kepatuhan Setelah Pemberian Brief Counseling Terhadap Luaran Klinik Pasien Hipertensi

Uncontrolled hypertension is a major health problem in society, so that a good knowledge and adherence are needed to achieve controlling of blood pressure targets. This study aimed to determine correlation between knowledge level and adherence after provided brief counseling by pharmacist to clinical outcomes of prolanis hypertension patients. The study design was a quasi-experimental pretest and posttest with a control group. The form of intervention is brief counseling using poster and follow-up via whatsapp or telephone for hypertension patients who are prolanis participants that entered inclusion criteria with blood pressure &gt; 140/90 mmHg. The study was carried out during September–December 2021 in 6 public health centers in Pangkalpinang city, such as 3 for intervention (kacang pedang, gerunggang, pasir putih) and 3 for control group (melintang, air itam, taman sari). The sample total was 90 peoples, consist of 46 intervention groups and 44 control groups. The data were collected by interviews using questionnaire of Hypertension Knowledge Level Scale (HK-LS) and Morisky Green Levine Scale (MGLS), the clinical outcomes using blood pressure data taken from medical records. Correlation between knowledge level and adherence to clinical outcomes have been analyzed using the Rank Spearman correlation test. The results showed that there was a correlation between changes the level of knowledge on systolic (p=&lt;0,001; R value -0.374) and diastolic (p=0.001; R value -0.349) declines, and also there was a correlation between changes in adherence to systolic decline (p=0.046; R value of -0.211). However, there was no significant correlation between changes in adherence to diastolic decline (p=0.063). From this study it was concluded that there was a significant correlation between the level of knowledge and adherence after provided brief counseling by pharmacist to clinical outcomes of prolanis hypertension patients.

PS-P02-2: EFFECT OF A STRUCTURED TRAINING PROGRAM ON KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION AMONG HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS

Objective: Hypertension awareness among healthcare professionals (HCPs) regarding lifestyle modification is still low. According to research, the best method to solve this problem is to sensitize and train HCPs regarding the different modalities of lifestyle management. This study aims to see how a structured training program aimed at HCPs is effective in improving knowledge of hypertension in the advice of lifestyle changes to their patients. Design and Methods: The sample size (n = 30) HCPs was determined using a quasi-experimental method. The Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS), a modified structured questionnaire from the World Health Organization (WHO), was used to assess understanding of hypertension, knowledge of lifestyle modification, and practice. A 7-module, 12-week online course was delivered to the HCPs and a pre-test and post-test was administered to assess the change in knowledge regarding the awareness of lifestyle modifications. Results: The result showed that the t-test of the pre-knowledge about hypertension among HCPs differed significantly from post-knowledge after intervention (t = 4.90, p = 0.001). In addition, there is a significantly different between the pre and post-knowledge levels about lifestyle modification after intervention (t = 3.62, p = 0.001). A significant difference was also observed between the pre and post their advice of lifestyle modification to their patient after intervention (t = 3.56, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The health care providers, especially the allied healthcare professionals must be trained in a structured way to improve their knowledge of lifestyle modification specifically in hypertension as part of the primary prevention of hypertension.

Construct Validity and Reliability of the Arabic Version of Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale Among Saudi Population.

Background Knowledgeable people are more likely to follow their treatment plan and reduce hypertension morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to construct the validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS) among Saudis. Methods This cross-sectional questionnaire research targets hypertensives and non-hypertensives. Cronbach's alpha and Spearman's correlation matrix analysis measured the questionnaire's construct validity. Wilcoxon rank sum tests examined HK-LS tools' discriminant validity. A p<0.05 was considered significant. Results A total of 1424 responses were received. However, the 1419 individuals were evaluated after applying exclusion criteria. About 60% of the participants were female, with the most common age groups being 18-29 years (38.5%) and 40-49 years (24.0%). A personal history of hypertension was reported by 26.1%, and a family history of hypertension by73.3% of the subjects. Cronbach's alpha for the whole HK-LS was 0.883, suggesting that the tool was reliable.All the items of the HK-LS questionnaire were significantly correlated with each other, except for a non-significant correlation between statements two and seven (r=0.05, p=0.091). The strongest correlations were apparent between items 19 and 20 (r=0.70, p<0.0001), items one and two (r=0.64, p<0.0001), and items 18 and 19 (r=0.56, p<0.0001). However, the weakest associations were reported among items two and six (r=0.06, p<0.05), items two and nine (r=0.07, p<0.05), and items one and 19 (r=0.07, p<0.05). The discriminant validity showed that a personal history of hypertension was associated with significantly higher scores of two HK-LS subscales, including definitions and complications. In addition, the overall knowledge score was significantly higher among participants with a positive history of hypertension among family and/or friends. Conclusions The Arabic version of the HK-LS was found to be a reliable and valid tool for measuring knowledge about hypertension among the Saudi population. This reliable instrument can assist medical professionals in establishing education programs.

PENYULUHAN PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP HIPERTENSI

Hypertension is one of the main causes of complications of cardiovascular disease. The success of therapy is influenced by adherence to hypertension therapy. Knowledge related to hypertension includes the definition of hypertension, medication, food that can be consumed, and medication adherence with taking medication, which are the main and important things in controlling blood pressure. Based on this background, community service was carried out related to counseling on increasing public knowledge about hypertension. This counseling is carried out online because it is related to Covid 19, which is carried out on students and some of the general public. After statistical analysis, online counseling related to hypertension knowledge can increase knowledge which is measured using the HKLS (Hypertension Knowledge Level Scale) questionnaire instrument, with P value &lt; 0.05 (statistically significant). The hypertension knowledge score from the HKLS questionnaire increased after being given counseling.

EXAMINATION OF HYPERTENSION KNOWLEDGE LEVELS OF HYPERTENSION PATIENTS, TURKEY

Hypertension is a global health problem that causes significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study is to determine the hypertension knowledge level of hypertension patients. This descriptive study is carried on with 207 patients who applied to a private medical clinic in Ankara, Turkey between January and March 2022. A semi-structured interview method was employed in the study to collect data. The questionnaire contains two sections. In the first section, the Sociodemographic characteristics form,, and in the second section, Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS) are used. The data were analyzed with the SPSS 21.0. The age range of the patients participating in the study varies between 18-73 years, and the mean age is 54.3±4.2. Among the participants, 53.1% of them are women, and 70.5% of them are married. The HK-LS average of the participants is found (16.3±3.45). As a result, the hypertension knowledge level of the patients is found to be high in the study. The hypertension knowledge level is higher among the young than the elderly, those who pay regular visits to doctors than those who do not, and university graduates compared to primary school graduates. In order to increase the patients' knowledge level, it is believed that it will be useful to offer training and organize seminars, especially for the elderly, primary school graduates, and those who do not pay regular visits to doctors.

Effectiveness of Community Pharmacy Diabetes and Hypertension Care Program: An Unexplored Opportunity for Community Pharmacists in Pakistan.

Background: The effective management of patients diagnosed with both Diabetes as well as Hypertension is linked with administration of efficacious pharmacological therapy as well as improvement in adherence through counseling and other strategies. Being a part of primary healthcare team, community pharmacists can effectively provide patient care for chronic disease management. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of pharmacist counseling on blood pressure and blood glucose control among patients having both hypertension and diabetes attending community pharmacies in Pakistan. Method: A randomized, controlled, single-blind, pre-post-intervention study design was used. The respondents included patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (Type I or II) and hypertension visiting community pharmacies to purchase their regular medicine. A simple random sampling technique using the lottery method was used to select community pharmacies in groups A (intervention, n = 4) and group B (control, n = 4). The total number of patients was 40 in each group, while estimating a dropout rate of 25%. The patients in the intervention group received special counseling. Blood pressure and blood glucose were checked after every 15 days for 6 months. Prevalidated tools such as the hypertension knowledge level scale, the diabetes knowledge questionnaire 24, and a brief medication questionnaire was used. Data were coded and analyzed using SPSS 21. Wilcoxon test (p < 0.05) was used to compare pre-post intervention knowledge regarding the disease, while the Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05) was used to find differences in medication adherence among control and intervention groups. Results: A significant improvement in mean knowledge scores of patients with diabetes (16.02 ±2.93 vs. 19.97 ±2.66) and hypertension (15.60 ±3.33 vs. 18.35 ±2.31) in the intervention group receiving counseling for 6 months than control group (p < 0.05) was noted. Furthermore, the fasting blood glucose levels (8.25 ±1.45) and systolic BP (130.10 ±6.89) were significantly controlled after 6 months in the intervention group. Conclusion: The current study results concluded that community pharmacists’ counselling has a positive impact on blood glucose and blood pressure management among patients suffering with both diabetes and hypertension.

Effects of pharmaceutical care interventions on humanistic outcomes in hypertensive people living with HIV: results of a randomized controlled trial

To evaluate the effects of pharmaceutical care (PC) interventions on humanistic outcomes in HIV-positive patients with hypertension. This prospective, open-label, parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted in the HIV clinic of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, from August 2018 to October 2019. Eligible patients were randomized sequentially and equally into two study arms: the control arm (CA), where participants received the traditional care and the intervention arm (IA), where participants received PC by the research pharmacist. The patient's HIV knowledge questionnaire, the Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale, the Medical Outcome Study-HIV Health Survey and the Patient Satisfaction with Pharmaceutical Service questionnaire were used to assess participants' HIV-related knowledge, hypertension-related knowledge, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and satisfaction with PC, respectively. These were self-completed at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. Data were analysed using SPSS (IBM version 25.0). Out of the 206 participants randomized, 182 completed the 12-month follow-up. After 12 months, there was a significant improvement in HIV-related knowledge (∆ = 11.28%, t(180) = 4.41, P < 0.001) and hypertension-related knowledge (∆ = 5.94%, t(180) = 3.25, P = 0.001) in the IA over and above those observed in the CA. Similarly, PC interventions led to significant improvements in HRQoL (∆ = 6.5%, t(180) = 5.50, P < 0.001) and satisfaction with PC in the IA (∆ = 18.12%, t(180) = 11.85, P < 0.001) at the end of the study. PC significantly improved humanistic outcomes in HIV-positive patients with hypertension after a 12-month intervention.

Abstract P029: MOBILE Intervention In College Students With Elevated Blood Pressure: A Pilot Study

Background and Purpose: Hypertension is a known risk factor that accelerates and leads to cardiovascular disease. While it is often a risk factor recognized in middle-aged and older adults, it is overlooked in young adults. The purpose of this study was to (1) implement a mHealth intervention, the O ptimize B lood Pressure I mprovement ( MOBI LE) intervention, in college students, aged 18 to 29 years, with elevated blood pressure (BP); and (2) test its feasibility and impact on BP reduction (primary outcome) along with sodium intake and hypertension knowledge improvement (secondary outcomes) after 28 days. Methods: The pilot study used a two-arm, randomized controlled trial. Subjects in the intervention group were required to monitor their daily BP. We recruited full-time students who had regular access to a mobile smartphone with unlimited texting and elevated BP or undiagnosed hypertension stage I. We excluded students who were pregnant, lactating, planning to become pregnant during the study, taking antihypertensive medication, or diagnosed with a life-threatening illness or condition associated with hypertension. We conducted the formative phase before the intervention phase to assess the acceptability, engagement, and feasibility of the intervention motivational text messages. During the educational session for baseline data, all subjects completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24), and the Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale. Following, all subjects’ height and weight were also collected to calculate body mass index. For 28 days, subjects in the intervention group provided their daily BP measurement using the Withings wireless BP cuff and their motivational levels (1 for low motivation, 3 for moderate motivation, and 5 for high motivation) to receive the appropriate text message. After 28 days, all subjects were scheduled for an exit interview to collect post intervention data along with an exit interview. The control group completed the educational session and exit interview only. Results: Twenty-nine participants (intervention: n = 15; control: n = 14) completed the study. We found a significant decrease in BP in the intervention group ( p = 0.001) while no statistical significance was found in the control group. Using the ASA24 to extract sodium intake, there was no statistical difference in sodium intake for intervention or control groups. The mean hypertension knowledge score increased in both groups after 28 days; however, the improvement was only significant for the control group ( p = 0.001). Conclusions: The results provided preliminary data on the effect of BP reduction in both groups with more impact on the intervention group. These promising findings warrant further examination of the intervention and its long-term effects.

Association between Knowledge and Self-care Adherence among Elderly Hypertensive Patient in Dwelling Community

BACKGROUND: Hypertension contributes significantly to the increase in cardiovascular disease cases, especially in the elderly. Knowledge and self-care compliance are needed, but in reality, awareness and regularity of control are still lacking in hypertensive patients in urban communities. AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship of knowledge with self-care and get an overview of existing knowledge and self-care in the elderly with hypertension. METHODS: This is a quantitative and cross-sectional design recruited 383 hypertensive patients in three community health centers. Sampling with proportional random sampling from three health centers that have the highest cases of hypertension in the city of Padang. Knowledge instrument using hypertension knowledge-level scale. Moreover, hypertension self-care adherence using hypertension self-care activity level effects. Analysis using Chi-square test RESULTS: The sample of this study was 383 respondents. About 66.3% are women, 88.3% have low education, and 86.9% do not work. 51.2% had duration of hypertension 0–5 years and the average age was 60.89 ± 8.072 years. About 94.8% of respondents have poor knowledge. Self-care practice showed 64% non-adherence to medication, 88.5% non-adherence to the DASH diet, and 82.5% non-adherence to weight management. However, 78.6% indicated non-smoking adherence and 100% alcohol avoidance adherence. There was a relationship between knowledge and adherence to weight management (p=0.000; odds ratio [OR] 6.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] for Exp B; 2.65–16.91)) and physical activity (p=0.000; OR 14.99 (95% CI for Exp B; 5.65–39.79)). CONCLUSION: Providing comprehensive and repeated health education for the elderly with hypertension can increase their knowledge. The involvement of patients and families is needed to improve self-care behavior.