Hyperglycemic Rats Research Articles

Neuroprotection of Gueichih-Fuling-Wan on cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion injury in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats via the inhibition of the cellular apoptosis pathway and neuroinflammation

Neuroprotection of Gueichih-Fuling-Wan on cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion injury in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats via the inhibition of the cellular apoptosis pathway and neuroinflammation

The effects of SOD Melon Gliadin as an Antioxidant on VEGF and TGF β blood serum and vitreoretina in hyperglycemia rat model a literature review

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from impaired insulin secretion, action, or both. Persistent hyperglycemia can lead to organ damage, including ocular complications such as diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is a primary cause of preventable blindness and can become vision-threatening if complications are persistent. Over one-third of individuals with diabetes exhibit signs of diabetic retinopathy, and among them, approximately one-third experience vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR), defined as severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), or the presence of diabetic macular edema (DME). Diabetic retinopathy triggers the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive accumulation of ROS can damage tissues surrounding retinal blood vessels, leading to oxidative stress that compromises the blood-retina barrier (BRB). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) are two markers that indicate retinal dysfunction. Cells possess an intrinsic defense system against ROS, comprising antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. SOD melon gliadin (Glisodin®) is a potent antioxidant that elevates endogenous SOD levels, reduces ROS, and protects retinal tissues from damage and cell death. Research on SOD melon gliadin (Glisodin®) shows its potential as an antioxidant for preventing diabetic complications in the retina, specifically diabetic retinopathy.

Study of antidiabetic activity of Aegle marmelos in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic Wistar rats in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Diabetes has become a major metabolic disorder disease that is increasingly becoming a killer disease worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate (bael tree) Aegle marmelos whole plant extract has the potential efficiency to control hyperglycemia, that affects kidney and lipid profile, in streptozotocin induced rats. This study aimed to evaluate the Antidiabetic activity of, Aegle marmelos in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic Wistar rats. Methods: Wistar rats of either sex were used grouped into six groups of six rats each. The first group was used as control, the second group was induced diabetes by inducting streptozotocin 70 mg/kg i.p., The 3rd,4th, 5th and 6th group was induced diabetes and treated with Metformin 600 mg/kg, A. marmelos methanol whole plant extract in the increasing dosage of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight from the 7th to 28th day respectively. The blood samples were collected at day 0,7 and 28th day for estimation of fasting blood sugar, serum cholesterol, triglycerides and creatinine. Results was presented as the mean standard deviation (SD). A one-way analysis variance was performed using SPSS-17 and Graphpad Prism 5 statistical software. Results: After administration of Aegle marmelos extract in increasing level, fasting glucose level was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced. Also, there is significant reduction in serum cholesterol level, triglyceride level and creatinine level. The effect was more after 28 days of treatment. Conclusions: The study results indicate the active compounds in the Aegle marmelos whole plant methanol extract has antidiabetic and antilipidemic activity. It can also protect kidney to some extent.

Proposed mechanisms of action participating in the hypoglycemic effect of the traditionally used Croton guatemalensis Lotsy and junceic acid, its main compound.

Croton guatemalensis Lotsy (Euphorbiaceae) is an important traditional medicine that is used by the Cakchiquels of Guatemala to control hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have shown that administration of this plant induces an acute hypoglycemic effect during fasting and that the main compound is junceic acid, a diterpenoid with a clerodane skeleton; however, junceic acid has not been reported to have hypoglycemic activity in the literature. As the mechanisms involved in the hypoglycemic effect of C. guatemalensis remain unknown, the objective of the present investigation was to elucidate the hypoglycemic mechanisms of this species, as well as its major compound, junceic acid. The results indicated that, similar to complete extract, junceic acid exhibited a hypoglycemic effect in hyperglycemic rats. Both C. guatemalensis extract and junceic acid inhibited the activity of two rate-limiting enzymes involved in hepatic glucose production; however, compared with chlorogenic acid, junceic acid had a more potent effect on glucose-6-phosphatase levels than chlorogenic acid, which was used as a positive control. Furthermore, both fasting and postprandial insulin levels decreased in healthy and hyperglycemic rats despite reduced blood glucose levels in both metabolic states, suggesting a potential insulin-sensitizing effect. However, neither of these compounds potentiated the effect of insulin in insulin tolerance tests nor inhibited the enzyme activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, a negative regulator of the insulin pathway. Therefore, the insulin-sensitizing effect is thought to be independent of insulin and mediated by potential activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. The specific activation of this master regulator in β-cells results in the inhibition of insulin secretion in a healthy state and the restoration of the insulin response under conditions of glucotoxicity; these effects were observed after the administration of the extract and junceic acid in healthy and hyperglycemic rats. Overall, the main findings of this study establish a basis of the mechanisms of action of C. guatemalensis and its main compound, junceic acid, in terms of their hypoglycemic effect.

Ameliorative Effect of Curcuma longa Ethanolic Extract on the Histology, Hepatic Glycogen Content and Some Biochemical Parameters of the Liver in Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemic Wistar Rats

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a life threatening disease that requires immediate medical treatment. Numerous medicinal plants have been known for their anti-diabetic effects and Curcuma longa (turmeric) is one of them. This attribute is possible due to the pharmacological properties of its bio-constituents. In this study, the ameliorative potential of ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa was investigated on the liver of hyperglycemic adult Wistar rats. The objectives were to determine its effects on liver histology, hepatic glycogen content and some liver biochemical parameters. Methods: Forty (40) rats weighing between 120-180g were used for the research. Sixteen (16) rats were used for its acute toxicity study, while twenty-four (24) rats were grouped into four. The groups were labelled A to D and contained six rats each. Group A (normal control) rats were given food pellets and distilled water only. Group B (diabetic control) rats were given 65mg/kg BW of streptozotocin IP. Group C served as the standard group and was given 65mg/kg of streptozotocin IP + 250mg/kg of metformin IP, while Group D (test group) rats were given 65mg/kg BW of streptozotocin IP + 500mg/kg of Curcuma longa extract. Curcuma longa extract was administered through the oral route with the aid of an oral gavage. The administration lasted for twenty-eight (28) days, after which the rats were made to fast overnight with access to only water. The rats were then anaesthetized and whole blood obtained through cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. Liver tissue was obtained for histological and glycogen content analyses. Results: The results showed severe destruction of hepatocytes with widely spread cytoplasmic vacuolation, loss of hepatic lobules and hepatic inflammation in the diabetic group, whereas it showed prominent nuclei, hepatocytes and distinct sinusoidal spaces in the normal control group. The metformin group showed an intact architecture of the liver tissue with indicating regeneration in the liver, while the Curcuma longa extract group showed a preserved liver cytoarchitecture. There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the fasting blood glucose level and liver enzyme activities in the standard and test groups compared to the diabetic group (p<0.05). There was also improvement in glycogen content of the standard and test groups in comparison with the diabetic group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Curcuma longa possesses hepato-protective properties and a strong anti-diabetic potential, therefore it can be considered as an alternative drug in the management of diabetes mellitus and its complications.

Antidiabetic and Hypolipidemic Effect of Ethanolic Seed Extract of Prosopis juliflora in Fructose Induced Hyperglycemia in Rats

Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effect of ethanolic seed extract of Prosopis juliflora in fructose induced hyperglycemia in wistar albino rats in comparison with Metformin. Materials and methods: 30 male wistar albino rats were divided equally into 5 groups. Group I and II were the normal and the disease control groups. While, groups III to V were the treatment groups. Animals in group I received regular drinking water; whereas, groups II to V received 20% fructose water for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, animals in groups II to V had elevated fasting blood sugar, HOMA-IR, weight gain and dyslipidemia. From week 9 to 16 group I animals continued to receive regular drinking water, group II received 2ml of distilled water and groups III, IV and V received Metformin 200mg/kg, P.juliflora extract 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg respectively in addition to 20% fructose water. The animals were sacrificed at the end of 16 weeks and histopathological examination of pancreas was done. Biochemical and hematological assessments were done at baseline and at 16 weeks to assess safety of the interventions. Results: When compared to the disease control group, animals in group III treated with metformin and groups IV and V treated with P.juliflora extract at doses of 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg showed a significant decrease in Fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR and improvement in lipid profile. Even though both the doses of the extract showed significant pharmacological activity, 600mg/kg showed better activity equivalent to metformin. Histopathological examination of pancreas showed regenerative changes in the metformin and P.juliflora 600mg/kg treated groups. No significant abnormality was observed in the biochemical and haematological parameters at the end of the study. Conclusion: P.juliflora seed extract in the dose 400 mg/kg and 600mg/kg exhibited antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activity with no significant adverse events, in this study. Both the doses were having anti dyslipidemic effect similar to metformin whereas 600 mg/kg dose of P.juliflora was having better antidiabetic effect comparable to Metformin. Keywords: Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, P.juliflora, Fructose, Metformin, Metabolic syndrome

Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Mentha viridis in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

This research was designed to examine the phytochemicals of Mentha viridis (M. viridis) ethanolic extract and the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities in alloxan-induced animal models. Diabetes was induced chemically by administering a unit dose of alloxan at 120 mg/kg BW. After alloxan induction, hyperglycemic rats were dealt with ethanolic extract of leaf and whole plant, metformin, and a mixture of leaf extract with metformin and whole plant extract with metformin for two weeks. Ethanolic extract of leaf and whole plant, metformin, and a combination of both leaf and whole plant extract with metformin therapies reduced glucose levels in the blood compared with the diabetic negative control group after two weeks of treatment. However, among the therapies, the ethanolic leaf extract and the combination of whole plant extracts with metformin were found to be the most effective (p<0.05), with reductions of 62.82% and 72.89%, respectively. After diabetes induction, the serum level of TG (triglycerides), TC (total cholesterol), LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) escalated notably (p<0.05), and HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) level decreased remarkably (p<0.05) in hyperglycemic rats as opposed to healthy normal rats. Ethanolic leaf extract and a combination of whole plant extract with metformin significantly minimized the elevated extent of TG and LDL-C. They surged HDL-C, but the TC level was reduced by whole plant extract only after two weeks of treatment. The standard procedures were used to identify the phytochemical compounds of the medicinal plant M. viridis. The phytochemical compounds such as alkaloids, resins, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, steroids, and terpenoids appeared in the ethanolic leaf extract of M. viridis. The findings suggest that M. viridis might provide better glycemic control and hypolipidemic effect in diabetic rats when administered alone or combined with oral antidiabetic agents. Incorporating M. viridis extract with metformin in improving hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic conditions in diabetic rats proves that M. viridis has a synergistic effect, which could enhance the antidiabetic activity of oral hypoglycemic agents.

Rudimentary phytochemical screening and in vivo exploration of brawny hypoglycemic potency of Aphanamixis Polystachya (Wall.) parker seed extractives

Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) Parker is a sanative herb with colossal corny convenience. This plant contains a wide range of secondary metabolites, which have been linked to numerous medicinal uses. The current investigation aimed to find the phytochemical components and assess the hypoglycemic impact of n-hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts of Aphanamixis polystachya seeds. Phytochemical screening was carried out using qualitative analysis. To measure hypoglycemic activity, hyperglycemic lab rats with glucose and STZ were used. All of the extractives contained the phytochemicals flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids. After 30 minutes of administration, the n-hexane extract showed a drop of 41.44% in blood glucose levels, while the chloroform extract exhibited the most significant reduction, 47.76%, at a dose of 150 mg/g BW. The fascinating discovery is that the methanolic extract, which contained carbohydrates absent in the other extracts, resulted in a 14.92% increase in blood glucose levels within 30 minutes of treatment. Organic seed extracts can prevent hyperglycemia, which will be a significant argument in favor of the Aphanamixis polystachya plant's common uses in traditional medicine to treat diabetes. More research is required to determine the exact mechanism of action, pinpoint the active ingredients, and clarify their structures.

Synbiotic supplementation ameliorates anxiety and myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury in hyperglycaemic rats by modulating gut microbiota.

Hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and obesity are the main risk factors affecting the development and prognosis of ischaemic heart disease, which is still an important cause of death today. In our study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a standard diet (SD) or a high fat and high carbohydrate diet (HF-HCD) for 8weeks and streptozotocin (STZ) was injected at the seventh week of the feeding period. In one set of rats, a mixture of a prebiotic and probiotics (synbiotic, SYN) was administered by gavage starting from the beginning of the feeding period. Experimental myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (30min/60min) was induced at the end of 8weeks. Hyperglycaemia, hypertension and increased serum low-density lipoprotein levels occurred in SD- and HF-HCD-fed and STZ-treated rats followed for 8weeks. Increased density of the Proteobacteria phylum was observed in rats with increased blood glucose levels, indicating intestinal dysbiosis. The severity of cardiac damage was highest in the dysbiotic HF-HCD-fed hyperglycaemic rats, which was evident with increased serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), tumour necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 levels, along with a decrease in ST-segment resolution index. SYN supplementation to either a normal or a high-fat high-carbohydrate diet improved gut dysbiosis, reduced anxiety, decreased CK-MB and cTnI levels, and alleviated myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury in hyperglycaemic rats.

Long-term diabetic hyperglycaemia modifies social behaviour in rats

Diabetes is a known risk factor for cognitive decline and mood disorders. However, the effects of long-term diabetic hyperglycaemia on the various dimensions of social behaviours, such as play or aggression, remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the social behaviour in a nicotinamide-streptozotocin rat model of long-term diabetic hyperglycaemia, in the absence of glucose-lowering treatments. Five months following induction of hyperglycaemia, we scored affiliative/exploratory or aggressive social interactions between pairs of unacquainted rats in a neutral arena. Our results demonstrate alterations in the behaviour of long-term diabetic rats faced with social novelties. Specifically, diabetic hyperglycaemic rats engaged in hyper-sociable and hyper-aggressive encounters. Interestingly, social interactivity was not associated with the degree of hyperglycaemia in affiliative/exploratory or in aggressive social interactions, in our long-term diabetic rat model. Altogether, our data suggest a lack of social appropriateness in long-term diabetic hyperglycaemic rats which is independent of the degree of hyperglycaemia. These findings support the importance of a tight glycaemic control in the management of diabetes at every stage of the disease and enlighten the importance of impaired glycaemic control as a novel metabolic player impacting the neural networks of social behaviours.

Hyperglycemia adversely affects critical physiological events related to rat sperm capacitation

Hyperglycemia, the hallmark of diabetes mellitus (DM), is the main cause of DM-related systemic complications, including reproductive issues. Furthermore, the incidence of DM in males of reproductive ages is becoming an increasing concern, as the complexity of sperm capacitation (an essential process for fertilizing the egg) extends beyond conventional sperm parameters such as count, viability, and motility. Capacitation defects cause male infertility, and DM-related hyperglycemia may affect this process. We explore the effects of uncontrolled hyperglycemia on sperm using alloxan-induced hyperglycemic Wistar rats. In addition to assessing conventional sperm parameters, we also evaluated functional indicators, including hyperactivation (HA) with a pharmacological approach and assessed its effects with a computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA); fluorescence indicators to monitor membrane potential (EmR, DiSC3(5)) and mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψ, JC-1); CatSper activity, using its ability to permeate Na+ ions, and ATP levels with the luciferin-luciferase reaction. We confirmed previous findings with our hyperglycemic model, which replicated the typical reduction on conventional sperm parameters. In sperm from hyperglycemic rats, we observed increased motility and HA levels after pharmacological treatment. Additionally, CatSper activity was unaffected by hyperglycemia, while EmR was hyperpolarized under non-capacitating condition. Finally, we noted a low percentage of hyperpolarized Ψ and reduced ATP content. This study highlights the significance of impact of hyperglycemia on sperm physiology and capacitation. We proposed that low ATP levels perturb energy state, signaling pathways, ion channels activity, motility, and HA. Our findings offer insight into DM-associated infertility and potential treatment strategies.

Assessing the potential fasting and postprandial mechanisms involved in the acute hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglycemic effects of four selected plants from Iran used in traditional Persian medicine

Ethnopharmacological relevanceIn traditional Persian medicine (TPM), people often use herbal infusions as a dosage form to treat diseases related to hyperglycemia, known as 'dam-kardeh'. Traditionally, herbal preparations of Eryngium bungei Boiss. (E. b), Tragopogon buphthalmoides (DC.) Boiss. (T. b), Salvia hydrangea DC. ex Benth. (S. h), and Juniperus polycarpos K. Koch. (J. p) are used to manage diabetes in Iran. However, there is no evidence of their effectiveness in controlling glucose levels and their mechanisms remain unclear.Aim of the study: This study aimed to investigate whether traditional doses of plant infusions can have hypoglycemic and/or anti-hyperglycemic effects during fasting and/or postprandial states and establish the basis for future research on their potential mechanisms of action. Materials and methodsThe effects of traditional doses of herbal extracts on blood glucose levels in STZ-NA-induced hyperglycemic rats were investigated in 2-h acute tests during fasting and postprandial states (with a glucose load). In addition, the potential inhibitory effect in vitro of enzymes involved in relevant pathways, such as gluconeogenesis (fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, FBPase and glucose-6-phosphatase, G6Pase), carbohydrate breakdown (intestinal α-glucosidases), and insulin sensitivity (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, PTP-1B) was evaluated. Acute toxicity tests were carried out and HPLC-SQ-TOF was used to analyze the chemical profiles of the plant extracts. ResultsIn the fasting state, T. b, S. h, and E. b were as effective as glibenclamide in lowering blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic rats. Moreover, all three suppressed G6Pase and FBPase enzymatic activity by 90–97% and 80–91%, respectively. On the other hand, significant postprandial hypoglycemic efficacy was observed for E. b, S. h, and T. b. Based on the AUC values, T. b caused a reduction comparable to the therapeutic efficacy of repaglinide. When investigating the possible mechanisms of action involved in this activity, E. b, S. h, and T. b showed significant inhibition of PTP-1B in vitro (>70%). Finally, all plant extracts showed no signs of acute toxicity. Several compounds that may contribute to biological activities were identified, including phenolic acids and flavonoid glycosides. ConclusionsThe present study supports the traditional use of T. b, E. b and S. h for the control of diabetes in the fasting and postprandial state. Moreover, these plants were found to be rich in bioactive compounds with hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activities. On the other hand, J. p, showed a modest effect only in the fasting state and after 90 min. Further studies are needed to expand these results by analyzing the chemical composition and using complementary experimental models.

Evaluation of terpenes rich Hura crepitans extract on glucose regulation and diabetic complications in STZ-induced diabetic rats

The continual increase in global diabetic statistics portends decreased productivity and life spans, thus making it a disease of concern requiring more effective and safe therapeutic options. While several reports on antidiabetic plants, including Hura crepitans, are available, there is still a dearth of information on the holistic antidiabetic properties of H. crepitans and its associated complications. This study evaluated the antidiabetic potential of methanolic extract of Hura crepitans using in vitro, in vivo, and in silico approaches. The extract revealed a dose-dependent in vitro effect, with a 47.97 % and 65.34 % decrease in the fasting blood sugar levels of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats at 150 and 300 mg/kg BW, respectively. Likewise, the extract increased serum and pancreatic insulin levels, and significantly ameliorated neuronal oxidative stress and inflammation by reducing the expression levels of cholinesterase, NF-κB, and COX-2 in the brain of hyperglycemic rats. Serum dyslipidemia, liver, and kidney biomarker indices, and hematological alterations in diabetic rats were also significantly attenuated by the extract. Several constituents, mainly terpenes, were identified in the extract. To further predict the drug-likeness, pharmacokinetics, and binding properties of the compounds, in silico analysis was conducted. Ergosta-2,24-dien-26-oicacid,18-(acetyloxy)-5,6-epoxy-4, 22-dihydroxy-1-oxo-,delta.-lactone-4.beta., displayed the highest docking scores for acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterases, alpha-amylase, and nuclear factor-kB with values of −12.4, −10.9, −10.3, and −9.4 kcal/mol, while ergost-25-ene-6,12-dione,3,5-dihydroxy-, (3.beta.,5.alpha.) topped for cyclooxygenase-2 (-9.0 kcal/mol). The top-ranked compounds also presented significant oral drug-likeness, pharmacokinetics, and safety properties. Altogether, our data provide preclinical evidence of the potential of Hura crepitans in ameliorating diabetes and its associated complications.

Mechanism of Takifugu bimaculatus Skin Peptides in Alleviating Hyperglycemia in Rats with Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Based on Microbiome and Metabolome Analyses.

In this study, we aimed to explore the hypoglycemic effects of a hydrolysate on Takifugu bimaculatus skin (TBSH). The effect of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activities from different TBSH fractions was investigated on basic indexes, gut hormones, blood lipid indexes, viscera, and the gut microbiota and its metabolites in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The results showed that the <1 kDa peptide fraction from TBSH (TBP) exhibited a more potent DPP-IV inhibitory effect (IC50 = 0.45 ± 0.01 mg/mL). T2DM rats were induced with streptozocin, followed by the administration of TBP. The 200 mg/kg TBP mitigated weight loss, lowered fasting blood glucose levels, and increased insulin secretion by 20.47%, 25.23%, and 34.55%, respectively, rectified irregular hormonal fluctuations, lipid metabolism, and tissue injuries, and effectively remedied gut microbiota imbalance. In conclusion, TBP exerts a hypoglycemic effect in rats with T2DM. This study offers the potential to develop nutritional supplements to treat T2DM and further promote the high-value utilization of processing byproducts from T. bimaculatus. It will provide information for developing nutritional supplements to treat T2DM and further promote the high-value utilization of processing byproducts from T. bimaculatus.

Microencapsulated sardine Oil using vanillic acid grafted chitosan as wall material: Alleviating effect on streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in rats

Impact of an innovative antioxidant wall material, vanillic acid-grafted chitosan, on enhancement of oxidative stability was investigated. Microencapsulation with the aid of spray drying was proven to be an effective method for preserving omega-3 fatty acids. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were used to examine the effects of microcapsules loaded with sardine oil and vanillic acid-grafted chitosan (SO-MC) as wall material. Antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic effects were significantly enhanced in rat models treated with 500 mg/kg of SO-MC. The lack of aberrant weight fluctuations or mortality in an acute toxicity assessment indicated that there were no symptoms of toxicity. Addition of SO-MC into the meal resulted in dose-dependent decreases in blood glucose levels as compared to the diabetes control group. Treatment with SO-MC reduced lipid peroxidation, whereas increased production of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GSH), two crucial antioxidants, as compared to the diabetes control group. These findings underscore the potential utility of SO-MC as a promising dietary supplement for the management of hyperglycemia

Ad libitum honey supplementation on hyperglycemic rats caused an escalating intake with harmful metabolic effects

Ad libitum honey supplementation on hyperglycemic rats caused an escalating intake with harmful metabolic effects

Pengaruh Pemberian Mesenchymal Stem Cell Wharton's Jelly Terhadap Aktivitas Enzim Katalase pada Tikus Wistar Model Hiperglikemia

Objective: To determine the effect of Wharton's Jelly (MSC-WJ) mesenchymal stem cells on the activity of the catalase enzyme in hyperglycemic Wistar rats. Methods: This study used 21 male Wistar rats aged 2-3 months with a body weight of 200-300 grams according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Mice were divided into 3 groups: negative control (K-), positive control (K+), and treatment (P). Group K- was only given food and drink without being given treatment. The K+ group was injected intraperitoneally with alloxan at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW so that the rats became hyperglycemic. Group P was given an alloxan injection and left for a week, then given MSC-WJ 3x106 cells through the tail vein and left for four weeks. After four weeks, all groups had their blood taken to examine the catalase enzyme. Result: Mean of catalase activity enzyme in the K-, K+, and P groups were 4.22 ± 0.27 units/mg, 2.39 ± 0.19 units/mg, and 3.93 ± 0.45 units /mg, respectively. Conclusion: This shows that the administration of mesenchymal stem cells Wharton's Jelly (MSC-WJ) has an effect on increasing the serum catalase enzyme activity of Wistar rats with hyperglycemia models.

Hyperglycemic Rats Exposed to West Mexico Blackberries Improved Metabolic Parameters Similar to Healthy Rats

Hyperglycemic Rats Exposed to West Mexico Blackberries Improved Metabolic Parameters Similar to Healthy Rats

Hyperglycemia influences the cell proliferation and death of the rat endocrine pancreas in the neonatal period

AimsTo evaluate the cell proliferation and death, and structural morphology of the pancreatic islet cells of the rats with hyperglycemia in the first month of life and compare to those of the control rats. Main methodsFemale Sprague-Dawley newborn rats received Streptozotocin (a beta-cytotoxic drug) at birth for diabetes induction. Control and hyperglycemic animals were euthanized on different days of life: 5, 10, 15, and 30. The pancreas was collected and processed for immunohistochemical analysis of cleaved Caspase-3 (cell death), Ki-67 (cell proliferation), PDX-1 (transcription factor responsible for insulin synthesis), and endocrine hormones (insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin). Key findingsControl females showed a higher percentage (%) of Ki-67-positive(+) cells on D10 and D15, a higher % of insulin+ and somatostatin+ cells on D15 and D30, a lower % of PDX-1+ cells on D10, and a higher % of glucagon+ cells on D10 and D30. Hyperglycemic females showed a lower % of Ki-67+ cells on D15, a higher % of cleaved Caspase-3+ cells on D15, and insulin+ cells on D15 and D30. In the comparison among the experimental groups, the hyperglycemic females showed an increased % of cleaved Caspase-3+ and Ki-67+ cells and a lower % of PDX-1+ cells. SignificanceThis study enabled a better understanding of the abnormal pancreas development regarding cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and hormonal synthesis in the neonatal period. Thus, the pancreatic islets of hyperglycemic rats do not reestablish the normal endocrine cell population, and cellular apoptosis overcame the proliferative activity of these cells.

Effects of empagliflozin on gonadal functions of hyperglycemic male wistar rats.

Empagliflozin (EMPA) showed antiapoptotic, oxidative and anti-inflammatory potential effect. EMPA attenuates the inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with heart failure while significantly decreases the malondialdehyde (a lipid peroxidation marker) levels in the plasma of diabetic patients. The present study examined the effects of moderate hyperglycemia on reproductive function. Sixty male Wister rats ‎ were divided and randomly allocated into four groups of 15 animals each‎‎. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of a prepared solution containing STZ diluted in 0.1 M sodium citrate buffer (pH 4.5) at a dosage of 40 mg/kg body weight in selected in groups II and III for seven days before starting the treatment with EMPA. The current study revealed that EMPA for eight weeks prevented testicular high glucose-induced oxidative stress markers such as penile nitric oxide (NO), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC) in STZ-induced hyperglycemia in a rat model. In addition, EMPA ameliorated the high levels of endogenous Interleukin-6 (IL-6) present in gonads in response to an acute inflammatory found in the hyperglycemic STZ-induced rats. The present study further suggested the protective effects of EMPA and how it has a beneficial role and can effectively attenuate hyperglycemia-induced testicular oxidative damage and inflammatory markers as well as androgen dependent testicular enzymes activity as a protective role against the consequences of hyperglycemia and male sub-infertility.