Hyper Extension Research Articles

Cantrell Pentalogy Associating Acrania and Iniencephaly: Antenatal Ultrasound Diagnosis at the CHU Pr BSS of Kati

Introduction: Cantrell's pentalogy is a rare malformation, which associates 5 cardinal malformations: supraumbilical hernia of the abdominal wall, defect of the anterior part of the diaphragm and diaphragmatic pericardium, abnormality of the lower part of the sternum, heart defects. Ultrasound is essential in antenatal diagnosis. We report a case of polymaformative syndrome, including Cantrell pentalogy, acrania and iniencephaly. Observations: Mrs. BS, 24 years old, housewife, resident in rural areas, 3rd pregnancy, two live children, no medical-surgical history or known fetal malformation, no notion of teratogenic drug intake. Coming for his first ultrasound, which, performed by two radiologists concluded to a polyformative syndrome associating cantrell pentalogy, acrânie and iniencephaly: by the presence of a defect of closure of the anterior thoraco-abdominal wall resulting in an evisceration of the intra-abdominal organs, a cardiac malformation, the absence of formation of the bones of the skull, and absence of cervico-occipital bone formation with neck shortening and hyper extension of the head. The pregnancy was estimated at 27 weeks, the couple was informed of the fate of the future baby and the pregnancy intervention was proposed. After their agreement the labor was triggered, after 8 hours, she expelled a live newborn male, polymalformed confirming the ultrasound diagnosis, weighing 1900grams and lived only thirty minutes after birth. Conclusion: The polymalformative syndrome associating cantrell pentalogy, acrania and iniencepahlia is exceptional. Ultrasound is essential in diagnosis. Termination of pregnancy is the rule.

Understanding the structure and function of protein kinase C-Epsilon using site directed mutagenesis

This research is focused on gaining a better understanding of PKC-epsilon a calcium-dependent protein kinase involved in a wide range of cellular functions including cell proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. The interest in PKC-epsilon derives from the discovery of a de novo mutation in the PKC-epsilon gene in patients suffering from SHORT syndrome. This syndrome is a debilitating disorder characterized by short stature, hyper extensibility, ocular depression, Rieger anomaly, and teething decay. This project involved recapitulating the naturally occurring de novo mutations in vitro as well as determining if other mutations in PKC-epsilon could cause similar disease-state phenotypes. Using a technique known as Site Directed Mutagenesis mutations were introduced into the PKC-epsilon gene and the effects of these mutations on the protein expression were assessed. This mutational analysis will help identify the regions of PKC-epsilon that are vital for its function. This will help elucidate the effect of the same mutations in patients and could help correlate with the severity of disease. Obtaining a clearer picture of the different regions of the PKC-epsilon protein allows for future studies to focus on successfully fixing these regions when they become damaged and could therefore be used to help patients with SHORT syndrome.

A Trait-based Investigation of Fungal Decomposition with Machine Learning

Fungi are of great functional significance in terrestrial ecosystems as the main decomposers. To better understand their decomposing process and population coexistence, we first describe and quantify the decomposition rate, focusing on three traits of interest selected by machine learning algorithm: moisture tolerance, hyper extension rate, and hyphal density and obtain, and use a Ternary Linear Regression Decomposition Model (TLRDM) to quantify the decomposition rate. Then, to incorporate the interactions, we build an Interactive Decomposition Model (IDM) and creatively employ a Three-player Logistic-based Competition Population Model (TPLCM). Based on logistic growth, we formulate a differential equation group, fit the curves of this unsolvable equation group to obtain a function of population density versus time and compare the decomposition rates of three populations under interactive and non-interactive conditions, followed by analyzing the impact of the communications on decomposing ability. We obtain the population combinations that can coexist in certain climates. Furthermore, we include environmental factors, conducting a sensitivity analysis to describe how short-term and long-term climate changes affect our models.

The Effect of Imagery and Corrective Exercises on Model of Activity of Selected Pelvic Muscles and the Lumbar Hyper Extension Syndrome

The Effect of Imagery and Corrective Exercises on Model of Activity of Selected Pelvic Muscles and the Lumbar Hyper Extension Syndrome

Electromyographical Differences Between the Hyperextension and Reverse-Hyperextension.

Cuthbert, M, Ripley, NJ, Suchomel, TJ, Alejo, R, McMahon, JJ, and Comfort, P. Electromyographical differences between the hyperextension and reverse-hyperextension. J Strength Cond Res 35(6): 1477-1483, 2021-The aims of this study were to compare muscle activation of the erector spinae (ES), gluteus maximus (GMax), and biceps femoris (BF) during the hyperextension (HE) and reverse-HE (RHE) exercises. Ten subjects (age, 23 ± 4 years; height, 175.9 ± 6.9 cm; mass, 75.2 ± 9.7 kg) had electromyography (EMG) electrodes placed on the ES, GMax, and BF muscles in accordance with SENIAM (Surface EMG for Non-Invasive Assessment of Muscles) guidelines. Subjects performed 3 maximum voluntary isometric contraction trials of lumbar extension and hip extension using a handheld and isokinetic dynamometer, respectively, to normalize the EMG during the HE and RHE exercises. Three repetitions of each exercise were executed in a randomized order. High reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.925) was observed with low variability (coefficient of variation [CV] < 10%) in all but the GMax during the extension phase of the HE (CV = 10.64%). During the extension and flexion phases, the RHE exhibited significantly greater (p ≤ 0.024; 34.1-70.7% difference) peak EMG compared with the HE in all muscles tested. Similarly, the RHE resulted in significantly greater mean EMG compared with the HE (p ≤ 0.036; 28.2-65.0% difference) in all muscles except the BF during the flexion phase (p = 9.960). Therefore, the RHE could be considered as a higher-intensity exercise for the posterior chain muscles compared with the HE, potentially eliciting greater increases in strength of the posterior chain muscles.

Assessment of 3 Lateral Pins Fixation in the Management of the Supracondylar Humeral Fractures in Children

Supracondylar fractures of the humerus are the most common type of elbow fracture in children, accounting more than 80% of all fractures. Posterior Displacement suggests a hyper extension injury , normally fall on out extended hand. While foremost removal, uncommon sort, as a rule because of direct viciousness with the joint in flexion. Assessment of the procedure of 3 horizontal pins obsession as a line of treatment of the supracondylar humeral cracks in 20 patients with uncommon spotlight on resultant steadiness, results and entanglements experienced during the investigation time frame. an imminent, randomized controlled clinical preliminary from September 2018 to December 2019. The convention was endorsed by the moral council of the staff of medication, Benha University. Educated assent was taken, from guardians, all things considered, that the information of the examination will be distributed. 13 patients were female and 7 were male.13 were correct sided and 7 were left sided.The mean age of the patients was 6.05 with range from 3 to 11. Patients were followed up for a very long time normal, and were evaluated by Flynn's models for reviewing and the end-product were: 15 patients had amazing outcomes (75%) and 5 had great outcomes (25%).As for expected intricacies ,we noticed no iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury. mean of usable time was 50.25 with range from 35 to 60; mean of chunk length was 3.40 with range from 3 to about a month So, employable time is huge here as it required some investment than exemplary obsession either with 2 sidelong pins or 2 parallel pins with 1 average on account of the higher specialized requests of this example of obsession , likewise it required some investment to accomplish strength of fracture.Slab span and expulsion of pins here are critical, as we can eliminate section and pins in normal 3.40 weeks which is quicker than some other example of obsession of SCHF in youngsters . treatment of the supracondylar humeral breaks in kids by shut decrease and interior obsession with 3 sidelong k wires whenever set with propped procedure is steady and viable strategy for obsession with completley ulnar nerve insurance so it gives great practical and cosmotic result .

Comparison Between Hyperextension and Neutral Positions for Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty: Which is Best for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures?

PurposeThis study aimed to compare the demographic features (including total cost), surgical effects, radiographic parameters, and complications of kyphoplasty (KP) and vertebroplasty (VP) in the hyperextension (HP) and neutral positions (NP) and to assess their efficacy and cost-effectiveness for treating single-level osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF).Patients and MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of 245 consecutive patients who underwent KP or VP from February 2018 to February 2019 with observation on postoperative day 2 and at the one-year follow-up. The first 122 patients (86 KP and 36 VP cases) were treated in the neutral position, and the remaining 123 in the hyperextension position (90 VP and 33 KP cases). Back pain and impact on daily life were evaluated. Cobb’s angle and the ratio of the anterior (AR) and middle vertebral (MR) bodies were the main radiographic parameters. The chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), repeated measurement ANOVA, and post hoc tests (Bonferroni adjustments) were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the demographic features, operation time, or rate of re-fracture at the one-year follow-up among the groups. The rate of cement leakage was significantly lower in the HPVP group than in the NPKP group. The total cost was significantly lower in the VP groups than in the KP groups. At the one-year follow-up, back pain was significantly lower in the HPVP group than in the NPKP group. The Oswestry Disability Index, Cobb’s angle, AR, and MR in the HPVP group were similar to those in the NPKP and HPKP groups, but better than those in the NPVP group.ConclusionHPVP can achieve better pain relief, and similar disability scores, Cobb’s angle, AR and MR recovery, with a lower total cost, compared with NPKP. HPVP is the most economically efficacious treatment for OVCF.

Biomechanical Comparison of the Reverse Hyperextension Machine and the Hyperextension Exercise.

Lawrence, MA, Chin, A, and Swanson, BT. Biomechanical comparison of the reverse hyperextension machine and the hyperextension exercise. J Strength Cond Res 33(8): 2053-2056, 2019-The purpose of this study was to compare activation of the erector spinae, gluteus maximus, and biceps femoris muscles, lower back extension moment, and lower extremity range of motion (ROM) between the reverse hyperextension (RHE) and hyperextension (HE) exercises. Motion and muscle activation of the trunk and lower extremity were measured while 20 recreationally active individuals performed 2 sets of 10 repetitions of each exercise. Equivalent loads were used for each exercise. Peak, average, and integrated muscle activity, low back moment, and ROM between the trunk and pelvis and the thigh and trunk were calculated. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test (p = 0.05) revealed significantly greater integrated activity of the biceps femoris and gluteus maximus during the HE exercise. The RHE exercise generated greater peak (+129%), integrated (+63%), and mean (+78%) low back moment as compared to the HE exercise. The RHE resulted in a significantly greater thigh to trunk ROM, 76.6 compared with 64.7. However, the RHE used less lumbar flexion, 20.4 compared with 31.1 for the HE. The RHE movement profile is preferable because it provides greater hip ROM with less angular stress and equivalent erector spinae activity.

Complementary Knowledge Compilation Using the Hyper Extension Rule

We introduce the concept of Complementary formula (COMF), which is a new and non-equivalent way for Knowledge compilation (KC). Based on the Hyper extension rule (HER) which is an expansion of Extension rule (ER), we design a compilation algorithm which can formula compile each Conjunctive normal form (CNF) formula to complementary Fully complementary connected diagram (c-FCCD), named as C2C (CNF formula to cFCCD). Theoretically, c-FCCD is a kind of complementary formulae of the input formulae and can support all queries and partial transformations in KC map. Experimentally, C2C is competitive with the EPCCL compilers KCER, C2E, UKCHER, DKCHER and IKCHER.

Characteristics of the odontological management of patients with progressive ossifying fibrodyplasia

Introduction: Progressive ossifying fibrodysplasia (POF) is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by the congenital malformation of the big toes and progressive postnatal heterotopic ossification of soft tissues with characteristic anatomical profiles. The maxillofacial region may also be affected. Observation: A 24-year-old man was referred by a traumatologist for the restoration of the oral cavity. He showed characteristic signs of POF. Oral clinical examination showed limitation of the oral opening, multiple dental caries, dental necrosis, and an asymptomatic impacted 48. Management included motivation for oral hygiene, scaling and dental extractions, followed by a prescription of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at a single dose of 2 mg/kg/day for 4 days. Discussion: The management of patients with POF in oral surgery has particularities. Dental care must be performed in brief sessions. The patient must be in a semi-sitting position, with the neck held upright, to avoid hyper extension of the neck and to improve comfort and safety. A prescription for corticosteroids is necessary after dental care to prevent possible heterotopic ossification. Through this article, we highlight the characteristics of POF, therapeutic attitude, and precautions to take to avoid possible complications.

Physiologic Preoperative Knee Hyperextension Is a Predictor of Failure in an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Revision Cohort: A Report From the MARS Group

Background: The occurrence of physiologic knee hyperextension (HE) in the revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) population and its effect on outcomes have yet to be reported. Hypothesis/Purpose: The prevalence of knee HE in revision ACLR and its effect on 2-year outcome were studied with the hypothesis that preoperative physiologic knee HE ≥5° is a risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft rupture. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Patients undergoing revision ACLR were identified and prospectively enrolled between 2006 and 2011. Study inclusion criteria were patients undergoing single-bundle graft reconstructions. Patients were followed up at 2 years and asked to complete an identical set of outcome instruments (International Knee Documentation Committee, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, WOMAC, and Marx Activity Rating Scale) as well as provide information regarding revision ACL graft failure. A regression model with graft failure as the dependent variable included age, sex, graft type at the time of the revision ACL surgery, and physiologic preoperative passive HE ≥5° (yes/no) to assess these as potential risk factors for clinical outcomes 2 years after revision ACLR. Results: Analyses included 1145 patients, for whom 2-year follow-up was attained for 91%. The median age was 26 years, with age being a continuous variable. Those below the median were grouped as “younger” and those above as “older” (age: interquartile range = 20, 35 years), and 42% of patients were female. There were 50% autografts, 48% allografts, and 2% that had a combination of autograft plus allograft. Passive knee HE ≥5° was present in 374 (33%) patients in the revision cohort, with 52% being female. Graft rupture at 2-year follow-up occurred in 34 cases in the entire cohort, of which 12 were in the HE ≥5° group (3.2% failure rate) and 22 in the non-HE group (2.9% failure rate). The median age of patients who failed was 19 years, as opposed to 26 years for those with intact grafts. Three variables in the regression model were significant predictors of graft failure: younger age (odds ratio [OR] = 3.6; 95% CI, 1.6-7.9; P = .002), use of allograft (OR = 3.3; 95% CI, 1.5-7.4; P = .003), and HE ≥5° (OR = 2.12; 95% CI, 1.1-4.7; P = .03). Conclusion: This study revealed that preoperative physiologic passive knee HE ≥5° is present in one-third of patients who undergo revision ACLR. HE ≥5° was an independent significant predictor of graft failure after revision ACLR with a >2-fold OR of subsequent graft rupture in revision ACL surgery. Registration: NCT00625885 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).

Changes of cervical sagittal alignments during motions in patients with cervical kyphosis.

Changes of cervical sagittal alignment during motion in cervical kyphosis patients have never been published before. This study was to investigate the changes and provide a better reference for orthopedic treatment.Randomized double-blind repeat trial was carried out on 60 patients with cervical kyphosis. On standard position, hyper flexion, and hyper extension sagittal radiographs, the following measurements were made: the C2–7 vertebral body spatial alignment angle (∠A), C2–7 vertebral lower terminal lamina tilt angle (∠B), C2/3 to C6/7 segmental intervertebral space angle (∠C), the distance from the posterior edge of odontoid to C7 vertebral body (D value), and the difference of angle A, B, and C between cervical flexion and extension movement. Another 60 healthy volunteers were enrolled, of whom the cervical curve apex was determined using Borden's method to compare change and distribution characteristics to patients with cervical kyphosis and C value.In standard lateral position, ∠A was positive and increased from C2 to C7. In hyper extension position, ∠A decreased with reducing amplitude from C2 to C7 compared with the standard position, whereas in hyper flexion position, the average value of ∠A increased with decreasing amplitude from C2 to C7. ∠B followed similar change regularities as ∠A with a larger mean value. In cervical flexion and extension movement, ∠A change of upper vertebral body (∠D) was almost equal to ∠A change of lower vertebral body and ∠C change between the adjacent 2 vertebral bodies (∠E). The curve apex distribution was almost between C4 and C5 in cervical kyphosis patients. A significant difference was observed between cervical kyphosis patients and normal people in C value and D value.The correction of the cervical kyphosis can be carried out from the apex of the cervical spine that provides a solid theoretical foundation for the correction of the cervical kyphosis.

SHORT Syndrome. Rare Genetic Condition

SHORT syndrome is a rare inherited condition and incidence of patients is unknown. Multiple anomalies (acronym SHORT) whose name stands for short stature, hyperextensibility of joints, ocular depression, Rieger anomaly and teething delay which are the main manifestations of the disease. The diagnosis of SHORT syndrome is based on physical findings, X-rays, and molecular genetic testing. The aim was to present a case extremely rare genetic condition characterised by short stature, dysmorphic features. Our patient shows most common signs and symptoms of SHORT syndrome except Rieger anomaly, lipodystrophy, hyper extensibility of joints. Such anomaly is considered as typical (element of set of symptoms listed in acronym SHORT) but not necessary to diagnose such syndrome.

Anterior Cervical Plating for An Axis Tear Drop Fracture: Case Report

Axis tear drop fractures are infrequent injuries attributed to hyper extension and flexion of neck. In unstable tear drop fractures there will be posterior displacement of vertebral body, anterior longitudinal ligament disruption and anterior rotation of antero-inferior vertebral body fragment. Most of the unstable tear drop fractures are associated with neurological deficit due to incomplete spinal cord injuries like anterior cord syndrome. We present a case of traumatic unstable C2 flexion tear drop fracture without neurological deficit. We have treated the patient successfully with anterior cervical plating and tricortical bone grafting after removal of tear drop fragment and discectomy. This patient was mobilized on next day after surgery and neck mobilization started after 3 weeks. The patient in our study was followed up for 6 years and found to have no sequlae related to the injury. Unstable tear drop fracture needs to be fixed irrespective of the presence or absence of neurological deficit. Open reduction internal fixation with low profile plate and tricortical bone graft, shaped to fit the defect and disc space, through high anterior retropharyngeal approach is a promising treatment for unstable tear drop fractures.

Anterior Cervical Plating for An Axis Tear Drop Fracture: Case Report

Axis tear drop fractures are infrequent injuries attributed to hyper extension and flexion of neck. In unstable tear drop fractures there will be posterior displacement of vertebral body, anterior longitudinal ligament disruption and anterior rotation of antero-inferior vertebral body fragment. Most of the unstable tear drop fractures are associated with neurological deficit due to incomplete spinal cord injuries like anterior cord syndrome. We present a case of traumatic unstable C2 flexion tear drop fracture without neurological deficit. We have treated the patient successfully with anterior cervical plating and tricortical bone grafting after removal of tear drop fragment and discectomy. This patient was mobilized on next day after surgery and neck mobilization started after 3 weeks. The patient in our study was followed up for 6 years and found to have no sequlae related to the injury. Unstable tear drop fracture needs to be fixed irrespective of the presence or absence of neurological deficit. Open reduction internal fixation with low profile plate and tricortical bone graft, shaped to fit the defect and disc space, through high anterior retropharyngeal approach is a promising treatment for unstable tear drop fractures.

Comparison of Anteroposterior to Posterior-Only Correction of Scheuermann's Kyphosis: A Matched-Pair Radiographic Analysis of 92 Patients

Study DesignRetrospective radiographic benchmark study. ObjectiveTo evaluate the amount of instrumented correction obtained from a combined anterior/posterior (A/P) versus posterior-only (post-only) approach for Scheuermann's kyphosis. Summary of Background DataAn A/P approach was thought to optimize correction; however, instrumentation advances using pedicle screws allow treatment through an all-posterior approach. MethodsA total of 166 Scheuermann's kyphosis patients were treated between 2 centers: 90 by combined A/P approach at 1 center and 76 by post-only at the second center. From the 166 patients, a matched cohort of 92 (46 from each) was established according to preoperative sagittal (±10°) and hyperextension (HE) Cobb (±10°) measurements and matched for age and gender. ResultsIn the matched-pair group, average preoperative sagittal Cobb angles were 75.9° for the A/P group versus 78.8° for the post-only group (p = .2). The HE Cobb angles were similar (52.4° vs. 51.1°; p = .6). They showed similar corrections (33.7° vs. 30.6°; p = .3) and postoperative Cobb measurements (43.4° vs. 47.1°; p = .2) as well. The number of fusion levels was 9 in the A/P group and 12 in the post-only group; the difference yielded significance (p = .02). ConclusionsThe A/P and post-only approaches averaged similar degrees of correction. The A/P patients were likely to correct more than their preoperative HE sagittal Cobb measurement, whereas the post-only group corrected close to their preoperative HE measurement. The number of fusion levels was larger with the post-only group.

Material properties of the human posterior knee capsule.

There is considerable interest to develop accurate subject-specific biomechanical models of the knee. Most of the existing models currently do not include a representation of the posterior knee capsule. In order to incorporate the posterior capsule in knee models, data is needed on its mechanical properties. To quantify the mechanical properties of the human posterior knee capsule through semi-static tensile tests. Fifteen posterior knee capsule specimens (5 knees, 3 male, 2 female; age 79.2±7.9 years) were used to perform tensile tests. A medial, central and lateral specimen was taken from each knee. The cross-sectional area was measured, after which semi-static tensile tests were performed to quantify the material properties. The stiffness of the capsule was randomly distributed over the regions. The global Young's modulus and yield strength was 8.58±10.77 MPa and 1.75±1.89 MPa, respectively. A strong correlation (ρ=0.900) was found between Young's modulus and yield strength. The location of failure was not associated with smallest cross-sectional area or highest strain. The results suggest that the posterior knee capsule does not have a systematic (medial-central-lateral) distribution of material properties. The posterior capsule may play an important role in knee joint mechanics, particularly when in hyper extension.

A rare case of Ehler–Danlos syndrome with literature review

The Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS), “rubber man disease” comprises of a group of generalized connective tissue disorders, which is characterized by fragile skin, skin hyper extensibility, and joint hypermobility. More than 10 types of EDS have been identified based on genetic and biochemical studies. In the majority of patients with molecularly characterized as classic EDS (Type I and Type II), the disease is caused by a mutation leading to a non-functional COL5A1 allele and resulting in haplo-insufficiency of Type V collagen. Most mutations identified so far result in a reduced amount of the Type V collagen in the connective tissues available for collagen fibrillogenesis. Inter and intra-familial phenotypic variability are observed, but no specific genotype-phenotype correlations have been observed. No specific treatment protocol for the underlying defect is presently available for EDS. However, there are a series of preventive guidelines applicable. Periodontal disorders, increased bleeding tendency, delayed eruption of teeth and joint subluxation are few concerns during dental management of such patients. This case report discusses the features of classic EDS presented in a 7-year-old female patient and reviews the recent literature.

Current concepts: mallet finger.

Loss of the extensor mechanism at the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint leads to mallet finger also known as baseball finger or drop finger. This can be secondary to tendon substance disruption or to a bony avulsion. Soft tissue mallet finger is the result of a rupture of the extensor tendon in Zone 1, and a bony mallet finger is the result of an avulsion of the extensor tendon from the distal phalanx with a small fragment of bone attached to the avulsed tendon. Mallet finger leads to an imbalance in the distribution of the extensor force between the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and DIP joints. If left untreated, mallet finger leads to a swan neck deformity from PIP joint hyper extension and DIP joint flexion. Most mallet finger injuries can be managed non-surgically, but occasionally surgery is recommended for either an acute or a chronic mallet finger or for salvage of failed prior treatment.

MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF THE HUMAN POSTERIOR KNEE CAPSULE

BACKGROUND: There is considerable interest to develop accurate subject-specific biomechanical models of the knee. Most of the existing models currently do not include a representation of the posterior knee capsule. In order to incorporate the posterior capsule in knee models, data is needed on its mechanical properties. OBJECTIVE: To quantify the mechanical properties of the human posterior knee capsule through semi-static tensile tests.METHODS:Fifteen posterior knee capsule specimens (5 knees, 3 male, 2 female; age 79.2±7.9 years) were used to perform tensile tests. A medial, central and lateral specimen was taken from each knee. The cross-sectional area was measured, after which semi-static tensile tests were performed to quantify the material properties. RESULTS: The stiffness of the capsule was randomly distributed over the regions. The global Young’s modulus and yield strength was 8.58 ± 10.77 MPa and 1.75 ± 1.89 MPa, respectively. A strong correlation (ρ = 0.900) was found between Young’s modulus and yield strength. The location of failure was not associated with smallest cross-sectional area or highest strain. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the posterior knee capsule does not have a systematic (medial–central–lateral) distribution of material properties. The posterior capsule may play an important role in knee joint mechanics, particularly when in hyper extension.