Hyoid Bone Morphology Research Articles

Age-dependent changes in the hyoid bone morphology in children.

This radiologic work aimed to display the alteration in the hyoid bone (HB) morphology in the pediatric population with advancing age. This pediatric examination consisted of computed tomography images of 129 subjects (49 males / 80 females) aged 1-17 years. The anterior-posterior length of HB, the lengths of right and left greater horns, the width and height of HB's body, and the distance between the midpoints of the posterior ends of the greater horns increased with advancing age (p < 0.001), but the angle of the right and left greater horns (p = 0.022) decreased. Four configurations regarding HB shape were observed: Type A (U-shaped HB) in 8.5% (11 HBs) out of 129 children, Type B (B-shaped HB) in 33.3% (43 HBs), Type C (D-shaped HB) in 45% (58 HBs), and Type D (V-shaped HB) in 13.2% (17 HBs). HB shape types correlated with the pediatric age (p < 0.001), but not gender (p = 0.153). Most of the parameters increased until the postpubescent period, but the angle of the right and left greater horns decreased after the late childhood. Our linear functions representing the growth pattern of HB in children may be useful to estimate HB size.

Hyoid bone morphology in patients with isolated robin sequence – A case-control study utilizing 3D morphable models

BackgroundAbnormalities of the hyoid bone are associated with impairment of oropharyngeal functions including feeding, swallowing, and breathing. Few studies have characterized anatomic abnormalities of the hyoid in patients with Robin sequence (RS), e.g. a less mineralized and voluminous hyoid. The purpose of this study was to compare normal hyoid bone morphology and hyoid bone morphology in children with isolated RS. MethodsThree-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of the hyoid bone were obtained from CT-imaging of children with RS and unaffected controls. A 3D morphable model was constructed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Partial least squares – Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used to characterize and compare hyoid shape differences between patients with RS and an age-matched control group. ResultsThe study included 23 subjects with RS (mean age 9.8 ± 10.3 months) and 46 age-matched control samples. A less voluminous hyoid was observed for the RS group with a larger lateral divergence of the greater horns compared to controls (MANOVA, p-value<0.001). The first shape variable from the PLS-DA model showed a significant correlation for the observed variance between the two groups (Spearman R = −0.56, p-value<0.001). The control samples and 151 CT-scans of subjects up to age 4 years were used to create a 3D morphable model of normal hyoid shape variation (n = 197, mean age 22.1 ± 13.1 months). For the normal 3D morphable model, a high degree of allometric shape variation was observed along the first principal component. ConclusionsThe 3D morphable models provide a comprehensive and quantitative description of variation in normal hyoid bone morphology, and allow detection of distinct differences between patients with isolated RS and controls.

The use of hyoid bone dimensions in age and sex estimation in a Turkish population: a cone-beam computed tomography study.

The aim of the study was to determine sex and age from hyoid bone morphology on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The study sample comprised 130 CBCT images. Eight different measurements were performed for each hyoid bone. Fusion conditions were assigned to each side of the hyoid bone separately as; unfused, partially fused, and totally fused. The hyoid length, width of the left proximal end and stature variables showed sexual dimorphism in all hyoid fusion types (p < 0.05). In young adult age group, a significant difference was found between sex and fusion types (p = 0.025). The body length (81.35%) and stature measurements (76.25%) contributed most significantly to sex estimation. Patient's CBCT scans which enable reproducible and reliable measurements for bone tissues can be used for forensic procedures. Hyoid bone measurements with CBCT are useful methodology for age and sex estimation in forensic sciences with high predictive accuracy.

Computed Tomography (CT) Study on the effects of age changes and sex differences on morphology of hyoid bone (from age 20 years to more than 60 years old)

Computed Tomography (CT) Study on the effects of age changes and sex differences on morphology of hyoid bone (from age 20 years to more than 60 years old)

Comparison of hyoid bone morphology between obstructive sleep apnea patients and healthy individuals.

We aimed to find morphological properties of the hyoid bone, which are predominant among the patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), and compare them with healthy individuals. A total of 67 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) image sequences of patients (44 males, 23 females) diagnosed with OSA and a total of 70 multislice computed tomography (MSCT) data of non-OSA patients (45 males, 25 females) were selected in this study. DICOM images were imported into InVivo 5.1.2 (Anatomage) software. The position of the hyoid bone relative to the C3 and C4 cervical vertebrae, as well as its morphological type (B, V, U, H, D, HK-type) and its total volume was determined. The volumetric values of the hyoid bone of OSA patients (2384.49±682.073mm3 ) were significantly (P<.001) lower compared to the values derived from non-OSA patients (2952.96±932.5mm3 ). The difference was independent of gender, and volumetric values showed a strong significant (P<.01) difference between male OSA and non-OSA (2709.18±608.05; 3157.87±926.5mm3 ) and female OSA and non-OSA patients (1763±242.51 2584; 2584.12±840.21mm3 ), as well. In the case of B and V-types, the volumetric values showed significant differences (P<.05), when the OSA (2300,77±622; 2166±312mm3 ) and non-OSA patients were compared (2823,48±780; 3216±463mm3 ). Our results suggest that the volume of the hyoid bone might be a potential biological marker for OSA, especially in the case of B and V hyoid bone types.

Sexual dimorphism of hyoid bone morphology and position from third cervical vertebrae

Sexual dimorphism of hyoid bone morphology and position from third cervical vertebrae - IJODR- Print ISSN No: - 2581-9356 Online ISSN No:- 2581-9364 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.ijodr.2019.006, IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research-IP Indian J Orthod Dentofacial Res

English

English

Dating human cultural capacity using phylogenetic principles

Humans have genetically based unique abilities making complex culture possible; an assemblage of traits which we term “cultural capacity”. The age of this capacity has for long been subject to controversy. We apply phylogenetic principles to date this capacity, integrating evidence from archaeology, genetics, paleoanthropology, and linguistics. We show that cultural capacity is older than the first split in the modern human lineage, and at least 170,000 years old, based on data on hyoid bone morphology, FOXP2 alleles, agreement between genetic and language trees, fire use, burials, and the early appearance of tools comparable to those of modern hunter-gatherers. We cannot exclude that Neanderthals had cultural capacity some 500,000 years ago. A capacity for complex culture, therefore, must have existed before complex culture itself. It may even originated long before. This seeming paradox is resolved by theoretical models suggesting that cultural evolution is exceedingly slow in its initial stages.

Age and sex-related variation in hyoid bone morphology source

Age and sex-related variation in hyoid bone morphology source

Age and Sex-Related Variation in Hyoid Bone Morphology

Although the relationship between hyoid bone shape and fracture pattern figures prominently in forensic investigations of strangulation, few quantitative data exist on age and sex differences in hyoid morphology. An image analysis system was used to take a series of 30 measurements on digitized radiographs of 315 hyoid bones from people of known age and sex. The degree of fusion of the greater cornua to the hyoid body was also recorded. Statistical analysis of these data shows that there is a continuous distribution of hyoid bone shapes and the most bones are highly symmetrical. Based on smaller samples, previous researchers have suggested that non-fusion is more common in women than in men. In contrast, our data suggest that men and women have similar non-fusion rates. Analysis of sexual dimorphism shows that the greatest length differences are in the greater cornua. There are also significant sex differences in hyoid shape. For example, the distal ends of the greater cornua of women are significantly longer than those of men.

On Neanderthal speech and human evolution

AbstractLoring Brace's assertion that “Neanderthals were just as capable of articulate speech as we are” reflects ignorance of speech anatomy and physiology. Metrical analyses of hyoid bone morphology cannot predict supralaryngeal vocal tract (SVT) shape. Houghton's (1993) “modern” Neanderthal SVT reconstruction yields an impossible creature who had a larynx positioned in his chest. The reconstructed modem SVTs of early fossil Homo sapiens indicate brains that can regulate speech, consistent with Merlin Donalds timetable for the evolution of language.