Viscosity Grades Of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Research Articles

Modifying Cotton Fabric Properties by Controlling HPMC Viscosity Grade to Limit Ink Spreading and Penetration.

In cotton fabric inkjet printing, the spreading and penetration of the ink seriously damage printing resolution and color strength. In this study, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) with varying viscosity grades (6, 30, 100, 400, and 4000 mPa·s) were used for fabric pretreatment to reduce the ink spreading and penetration. The results indicated that HPMC with a high viscosity grade enhanced the ability of pretreatment paste to form a continuous HPMC film on the fiber surface. A continuous film could greatly increase the hydrophobicity of the fabric, thereby restricting the spreading and penetration of ink. Meanwhile, ink migration was also limited by the paste connected to the fibers and the swelling of the film, which was more significant at higher HPMC viscosity grades. However, the increase of the HPMC viscosity grade was not conducive to dye fixation. Additionally, HPMC with a viscosity grade of 100 mPa·s was considered a reasonable choice, which could improve printing resolution and color strength in industrial applications. This research provides a new approach for optimizing pretreatment paste to achieve high-quality printed products.

Gastroretentive Sustained-Release Tablets Combined with a Solid Self-Micro-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System Adsorbed onto Fujicalin®.

Gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) get retained in the stomach for a long time, thus facilitating the absorption of drugs in the upper gastrointestinal tract. However, drugs that are difficult to dissolve or unstable in an acidic environment are not suitable for GRDDS. The current study designs GRDDS combined with a self-micro-emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) for drugs with solubility or stability problems in the stomach. The model drug fenofibrate was formulated into the optimized liquid SMEDDS composed of 50 w/w% Capryol® PGMC, 40 w/w% Kolliphor® RH40, and 10 w/w% Transcutol® HP and solidified through adsorption on several porous adsorbents. In a dissolution medium at pH 1.2, the powdered SMEDDS using Fujicalin® dissolved quickly and achieved higher drug dissolution than other adsorbents. Based on these results, a gastroretentive bilayer tablet consisting of a drug release layer and a swelling layer was designed. The drug release layer was formulated with the powdered SMEDDS and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as a release modifier. HPMC was also added to the swelling layer as a water-swellable polymer. The dissolution rate depended on the viscosity of the HPMC in the drug release layer. The time for 90% drug release was extended from 3.7 to 12.0h by increasing the viscosity grade of HPMC from 0.1 to 100K. Moreover, the tablet swelled and maintained a size comparable to a human pylorus diameter or more for at least 24h. This GRDDS could apply to a broader range of drug candidates.

Observation of curcumin-loaded hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) oleogels under in vitro lipid digestion and in situ intestinal absorption in rats

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (Cur-NLCs)-based hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) oleogels (Cur-NLCs-HPMC-OGs) were fabricated using a cryogel template. The effect of the HPMC viscosity grade on the oleogel characteristics and in situ intestinal absorption were examined. Highly stable Cur-NLCs were prepared with a mean particle size of 314 nm and polydispersity index of 0.275. Cur-NLCs affected the creamy texture of self-standing Cur-NLCs-HPMC-OGs. The Cur-NLCs were tightly packed as oil droplets in the network of HPMC. However, a high viscosity of HPMC-4000 led to a greater ability to entrap and prevent droplet coalescence compared to a low viscosity of HPMC-400. NLCs promoted the release of free fatty acids during in vitro lipid digestion, whereas HPMC-4000 maintained the strength and durability of oleogels against mechanical and enzymatic breakdown. The in situ loop results revealed higher curcumin absorption by Cur-NLCs-HPMC-OGs than by Cur-HPMC-OGs. HMPC-4000 showed slightly higher curcumin absorption compared to HPMC-400.

Development and characterization of effervescent floating tablet of famotidine for treatment of peptic ulcer

Floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) are utilized to target drug discharge in the stomach or to the upper parts of intestine. Famotidine has been the most extensively used drug for the management of peptic ulcer for various decades. The current study concerns the development and evaluation of floating tablets of famotidine which, after oral administration, are planned to extend the gastric residence time, enhance drug bioavailability and aim the gastric ulcer. A FDDS was expanded using gas-forming agents, like sodium bicarbonate, citric acid and hydrocolloids, like hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and carbopol 934P. The prepared tablets were evaluated in terms of their pre-compression parameters, physical characteristics, buoyancy, buoyancy lag-time, in vitro release, and swelling index. The formulations were optimized for the different viscosity grades of HPMC, carbopol 934P and its concentrations and combinations. The consequences of the in vitro release studies demonstrated that the optimized formulation (F6) could sustain drug release (98%) for 24 h and remain buoyant for 24 hr. Optimized formulation (F6) showed no considerable change in physical appearance, drug content, total buoyancy time or in vitro dissolution study after storage at 40°C/75% RH for 3 months. Lastly the tablet formulations establish to be economical and may conquer the draw backs associated with the drug during its absorption.
 Keywords: Famotidine, Floating drug delivery system, Hydrocolloids, Gastric residence time.

Development of Floating Tablets of Metformin HCl by Thermoplastic Granulation. Part II: In Vitro Evaluation of the Combined Effect of Acacia Gum/HPMC on Biopharmaceutical Performances.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effect, acacia gum(AG)/ hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), on biopharmaceutical performances of floating tablets of metformin hydrochloride (MTH) prepared by thermoplastic granulation using stearic acid. Methods: We have prepared the matrixes using AG/HPMC as a polymer combination. This combination of polymers which represents 15% of the total mass of tablet was used at various ratios 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, with two viscosity grade of HPMC (k15M and k100M). The developed matrixes have been evaluated for their pharmacotechnical and biopharmaceutical properties. Results: In addition to the satisfactory physical characteristics of matrixes, it was revealed that the Fc3 and Fc6 formulations with AG/HPMC k15M and AG/HPMC k100M respectively, at ratio, 1:3 were considered the most performance. These formulations have shown swelling, fast flotation, 360 and 480 seconds respectively, and remained floating on the surface of the medium for more than 24 hours, with the matrix integrity, while F1, containing only AG, did not show swelling and did not float. In addition, extendedin vitro release (>8 hours) with decreased dissolved MTH rates was demonstrated for Fc3 and Fc6 matrixes, 95% and 91% respectively, compared to F1 where MTH dissolution was complete after 2 hours. The drug release from the highest-performance matrixes (Fc3 and Fc6) was found to follow Korsmeyer-Peppas’s model. The mechanism drug release was controlled by diffusion and erosion. Conclusion: The AG/HPMC combination was suitable as a polymer matrix to improve the in vitro biopharmaceutical properties of MTH compared to AG.

Formulation and In vitro Release Behavior of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) Matrix Tablet Containing Poorly Soluble Fenofibrate

Fenofibrate, a water insoluble drug was used to prepare matrix tablet with four different viscosity grades of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) which were Methocel K4M CR, Methocel K15M CR, Methocel K100M CR and Methocel K100LV CR. The concentration of those excipients was 5, 10, 20, and 40% (w/w), respectively. The content of drug in a fixed quantity of powder in every formulation was ranged between 96.47 to 104.78 %. The dissolution study was done by using USP dissolution apparatus II. The kinetics of release was analyzed by using zero-order, first order, Korsmeyer-Peppas, Higuchi and Hixon-crowell equations to explain the drug release mechanism from the matrix tablets. In-vitro dissolution profile of matrix tablets were dependent upon the HPMC concentration and dissolution was rapid for tablets containing lower polymer proportion i.e. 5,10, and 20% Percentage (w/w) HPMC than those containing 40% (w/w) HPMC. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 23(1): 10-16, 2020

Preparation and characterization of Starch–Urea–Borate: A new floating polymer

In recent years considerable attention has been focused on the development of new drug delivery systems known as controlled release drug delivery systems. Such interest is based largely on the fact that the controlled release products have established and retained place in the market based on their uniqueness and their clinical advantages in the practices of medicine. The major types of controlled release systems include matrix tablets, floating tablets, swellable tablets, coated beads, microcapsules and microspheres, mucoadhesive systems, ion exchange resin complexes, osmotic pressure controlled release systems, transdermal systems etc. The principle of floating tablets offers a simple and practical approach to achieve increased gastric residence time to enhance the bioavailability and to obtain controlled release. Floating tablets are designed based on gas generating principle. Design of floating tablets needs a strong matrix forming polymer. Several polymers such as various viscosity grades of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), Carbopol 934P, Eudragit RL, calcium alginate, chitosan, xanthan gum, guar gum, ethyl cellulose etc., have been used in the design of floating tablets of various active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Though these polymers are available for floating tablets, there is a continued need to develop new, effective and efficient polymers for controlled release floating tablets.The overall objective of the investigation is to develop new, efficient and safe polymer as floating matrix former for floating systems.
 Keywords: Floating, Matrix, Polymers, Starch-urea-borate.

Sustained Release Bilayer Tablet of Ibuprofen and Phenylephrine Hydrochloride: Preparation and Pharmacokinetics in Beagle Dogs.

Cold is a global common infectious disease accompanied by symptoms such as headache and stuffy nose. Ibuprofen (IBU) and phenylephrine hydrochloride (PE) were commonly used for common cold due to their different effects in relieving fever and the main symptoms such as nasal congestion and high sinus pressure. However, the commercial tablets of IBU and PE have to be administered 2 to 3 times per day due to their short half-life, with inconvenience for patient and fluctuations of plasma concentration. Bilayer tablet technology was utilized to design the IBU-PE sustained release tablets because of the significantly different solubility of IBU and PE in release media. The formulations of IBU layer and PE layer contain different viscosity grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as sustained-release matrix, hydrophilic diluent, and traditional glidant and lubricant. The sustained release bilayer tablet exhibited satisfying sustained release performance with the mechanisms of diffusion and matrix erosion. Compared with the conventional tablets, the IBU-PE sustained release bilayer tablet expressed significantly sustained-release behavior with decreased Cmax and prolonged Tmax in fasted conditions for IBU and PE. Though IBU of IBU-PE sustained release bilayer tablet was bioequivalent to the commercial IBU tablet, the relative bioavailability of PE from the bilayer tablets was 87.49 ± 20.00% (90% confidence interval was 72.3 to 102.5%), indicating bioinequivalence probably due to the "first pass" effect.

Probing the impact of HPMC viscosity grade and proportion on the physical properties of co-freeze-dried mannitol-HPMC tableting excipients using multivariate analysis methods

This study investigated the impact of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) viscosity grade, HPMC proportion and particle size fraction on the physical properties of the freeze-dried mannitol-HPMC excipients produced, using multivariate analysis methods. Solutions containing 20%, w/w mannitol-HPMC were freeze-dried and milled to obtain excipients of size fractions 125–355 μm and 355–710 μm to understand the impact of the formulation variables on the molecular, particle and bulk properties of the excipients. Results showed that the freeze-dried mannitol-HPMC excipients were mainly differentiated by 3 overarching properties, in the order of their contribution to the variation in the principal component analysis (PCA) model: (i) freeze-dried cake strength and bulk fill-related properties, (ii) compression behaviour-related properties, and (iii) flow-related properties. These properties were influenced by the HPMC viscosity grade, HPMC proportion and size fraction of excipient used. Freeze-dried excipients containing vLV or lower HPMC proportions had higher bulk densities, thus displaying better packing within the die. For larger excipients, densification by plastic deformation was likely preceded by fragmentation, thus accounting for the higher yield pressure values. The establishment of inter-variable relationships between the physical properties would be useful in further studies on the functional properties of tablets containing these co-freeze-dried mannitol-HPMC tableting excipients.

FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF AMLODIPINE GASTRORETENTIVE FLOATING TABLETS USING A COMBINATION OF HYDROPHILIC AND HYDROPHOBIC POLYMERS

Objective: The aim of this study was to formulate a developed floating tablet of amlodipine using different concentrations and types of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers to be conserved in the stomach for modulating solubility and bioavailability, diminishes drug waste and decline side effects.Methods: Through this study, eleven innovative formulations of amlodipine floating tablets were prepared [mixture of amlodipine, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) E50, HPMC K100M, ethylcellulose (EC) 5 mp. a. s.] by direct compression method. The pre-compressed mixtures were then evaluated for numerous parameters such as angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Carr's compressibility index and Hausner's ratio. After compression, tablets were subjected to several tests like; floating behavior of tablets, tablet thickness, hardness test, friability test, weight variation, in vitro dissolution test. In addition, the optimum formulation was evaluated for Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests. Results: From in vitro dissolution tests and kinetic assessments; F8 was selected as an optimum formula, depending on the R2 value of zero order kinetics (0.9915) and (n) value of Korsmeyer-Peppas (0.9635) which indicate purely relaxation zero order kinetic with good delaying in drug release that was reached to 14 h.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the developed formulation of a certain combination of low viscosity grades of HPMC and EC was considered an efficient floating tablet.

Biocompatible interpolymer complex matrix tablets - an oral sustained release class-III antidiabetic drug

Development of sustained release formulations of Metformin hydrochloride (Met) having low bioavailability and short half-life is one of the frontier areas of research towards achieving novel drug delivery systems. Towards the same, we have prepared interpolymer complexes (IPCs) of chitosan (CH) and two different viscosity grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose - HPMC (K4M and K100M) in various ratios, say, 4:6, 2:8, 1:9, respectively. The IPCs are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. Drug compatibility study is carried out by FT-IR and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The physical properties and drug content of formulated tablets are evaluated and found to be optimum. In addition, in vitro drug release kinetics is carried out at two different pH, say, 1.2 and 6.8. The release pattern from different polymeric matrices is shown in figure below: a) Chitosan, HPMC K4M and HPMC K100M b) IPCs of CH/HPMC K4M in [2:3, 1:4 and 1:9 ratios] c) IPCs of CH/HPMC K100M in [2:3, 1:4 and 1:9 ratios]. From the study, it has been observed that the drug release is sustained for a period of 12h in 1:9 ratio of CH: K100M IPC due to the formation of complex network matrix.

The effect of pH, buffer capacity and ionic strength on quetiapine fumarate release from matrix tablets prepared using two different polymeric blends

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the different physiological parameters of the gastrointestinal (GI) fluid (pH, buffer capacity, and ionic strength) on the in vitro release of the weakly basic BCS class II drug quetiapine fumarate (QF) from two once-a-day matrix tablet formulations (F1 and F2) developed as potential generic equivalents to Seroquel® XR. F1 tablets were prepared using blends of high and low viscosity grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K4M and K100LV, respectively), while F2 tablets were prepared from HPMC K4M and PEGylated glyceryl behenate (Compritol® HD5 ATO). The two formulations attained release profiles of QF over 24 h similar to that of Seroquel® XR using the dissolution medium published by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). A series of solubility and in vitro dissolution studies was then carried out using media that simulate the gastric and intestinal fluids and cover the physiological pH, buffer capacity and ionic strength range of the GIT. Solubility studies revealed that QF exhibits a typical weak base pH-dependent solubility profile and that the solubility of QF increases with increasing the buffer capacity and ionic strength of the media. The release profiles of QF from F1, F2 and Seroquel® XR tablets were found to be influenced by the pH, buffer capacity and ionic strength of the dissolution media to varying degrees. Results highlight the importance of studying the physiological variables along the GIT in designing controlled release formulations for more predictive in vitro–in vivo correlations.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SIMVASTATIN GASTRORETENTIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Objective: The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRRDS) using an effervescent approach for simvastatin.Methods: Floating tablets were prepared using directly compressible polymers hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) K100M, HPMC K4M and carboxymethylcellulose sodium (NaCMC). The prepared tablets were subjected to pre-formulation studies like Compressibility index, Hausner ratio and post compression parameters like buoyancy/floating test and In vitro dissolution study.Results: Drug-excipient compatibility studies performed with the help of FTIR instrument indicated that there were no interactions. The DSC thermogram of the formulations revealed that crystalline form of simvastatin existed in the formulation which was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction. Dissolution studies indicated that there was a decrease in the drug release with an increase in the polymer viscosity. The tablets prepared with low-viscosity grade HPMC K4M exhibited short Buoyancy Lag Time and floated for a longer duration as compared with formulations containing high viscosity grade HPMC K100M. The ‘n’ value for dissolution studies for all the formulations was found to be in the range of 0.647 to 0.975 indicating non-Fickian or anomalous drug transport. Conclusion: The drug release rate and floating duration of tablets depended on the nature of the polymer and other added excipients. The release rate of the drug can be optimized by using different ratios of polymers and other excipients. The formulation F8 achieved the optimized batch and complied with all the properties of the tablets.

Correlation between the viscoelastic properties of the gel layer of swollen HPMC matrix tablets and their in vitro drug release

Drug release from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) hydrophilic matrix tablets is controlled by drug diffusion through the gel layer of the matrix-forming polymer upon hydration, matrix erosion or combination of diffusion and erosion mechanisms. In this study, the relationship between viscoelastic properties of the gel layer of swollen intact matrix tablets and drug release was investigated. Two sets of quetiapine fumarate (QF) matrix tablets were prepared using the high viscosity grade HPMC K4M at low (70 mg/tablet) and high (170 mg/tablet) polymer concentrations. Viscoelastic studies using a controlled stress rheometer were performed on swollen matrices following hydration in the dissolution medium for predetermined time intervals. The gel layer of swollen tablets exhibited predominantly elastic behavior. Results from the in vitro release study showed that drug release was strongly influenced by the viscoelastic properties of the gel layer of K4M tablets, which was further corroborated by results from water uptake studies conducted on intact tablets. The results provide evidence that the viscoelastic properties of the gel layer can be exploited to guide the selection of an appropriate matrix-forming polymer, to better understand the rate of drug release from matrix tablets in vitro and to develop hydrophilic controlled-release formulations.

Critical Material Attributes of Strip Films Loaded With Poorly Water-Soluble Drug Nanoparticles: II. Impact of Polymer Molecular Weight

Recent work established polymer strip films as a robust platform for delivery of poorly water-soluble drug particles. However, a simple means of manipulating rate of drug release from films with minimal impact on film mechanical properties has yet to be demonstrated. This study explores the impact of film-forming polymer molecular weight (MW) and concentration on properties of polymer films loaded with poorly water-soluble drug nanoparticles. Nanoparticles of griseofulvin, a model Biopharmaceutics Classification System class II drug, were prepared in aqueous suspension via wet stirred media milling. Aqueous solutions of 3 viscosity grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (14, 21, and 88 kDa) at 3 viscosity levels (∼9500, ∼12,000, and ∼22,000 cP) were mixed with drug suspension, cast, and dried to produce films containing griseofulvin nanoparticles. Few differences in film tensile strength or elongation at break were observed between films within each viscosity level regardless of polymer MW despite requiring up to double the time to achieve 100% drug release. This suggests film-forming polymer MW can be used to manipulate drug release with little impact on film mechanical properties by matching polymer solution viscosity. In addition, changing polymer MW and concentration had no negative impact on drug content uniformity or nanoparticle redispersibility.

Development of a new single unit dosage form of propranolol HCl extended release non-effervescent floating matrix tablets: In vitro and in vivo evaluation

ABSTRACT The objective of the present investigation was to develop extended release non-effervescent floating matrix tablets of Propranolol Hydrochloride (PPH) to extend the gastric residence time (GRT) and prolong the drug release after oral administration. Different viscosity grades of Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) polymers such as HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M and HPMC K100M were used as drug release retardants. Glyceryl behinate (Compritol 888 ATO) and Glyceryl monosterate (Precirol ATO 5) were used as low density lipids in order to get the desired buoyancy over a prolonged period of time. The drug excipients compatibility study was carried out by using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). All the formulations were prepared by direct compression technique. The prepared tablets were evaluated for their physical characters, in vitro drug release and in vitro buoyancy. The release and floating property depends on the polymer type, polymer proportion, lipid type and lipid proportions. The drug release profiles of all the formulations were subjected to Zero order, First order, Higuchi and Peppas kinetic models, and the optimized formulation (F7) followed the Peppas model (R2= 0.987) with non-Fickian diffusion mechanism(n>0.5). The optimized formulation was subjected for in vivo radiographic studies in healthy human volunteers (n=3). These studies revealed a mean gastric residence time of 5 h (n=3). Key words: Propranolol HCl, Compritol 888 ATO, Precirol ATO 5, Non-effervescent, Floating drug delivery system and Gastric residence time.

Impact of HPMC on the physical properties of spray-congealed PEG microparticles and its swelling effect on rifampicin dissolution

Context: Many active substances are poorly water-soluble and pose a great challenge when orally administered because drug bioavailability is largely dependent on its solubility.Objective: The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as an additive on the physical properties of spray-congealed polyethylene glycol (PEG) microparticles.Materials and methods: The effects of four viscosity grades of HPMC (K100 LV, K4M, K15M and K100M) on the spray-congealing process yield and physical properties of spray-congealed microparticles, such as morphology and particle size, were studied. The swelling effect of HPMC on drug release was also explored using surface plots.Results and discussion: Molten mixtures containing PEG and HPMC of various grades and concentrations were successfully spray-congealed with useful yield ranging from 42.6% to 58.4%. Smooth and spherical microparticles were produced and their size was found to increase with increasing feed viscosity. The swelling extent of microparticles was found to be influenced by the grade, particle size and amount of HPMC present while the rate of erosion depended on the formation of the barrier and grade of HPMC used. Formulations with appropriate rates of erosion were selected to prepare microparticles with rifampicin (RIF), a poorly water-soluble drug. At 10% (w/w), K100 LV was found to enhance the dissolution of RIF while K15M retarded the release.Conclusion: The novel application of HPMC as an additive in spray-congealed PEG microparticles not only affected the physical properties of the microparticles but also modified the drug release by its swelling effect.

Drug release behavior of polymeric matrix filled in capsule

A single unit sustainable drug release system was developed using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-based matrices filled in capsule as the drug delivery device. Release behavior of propranolol HCl from these capsules was investigated and least square fitting was performed for the dissolution data with the different mathematical expressions. Effect of diluent, polymer, pH and hydrodynamic force on the drug release from the developed systems was investigated. The utilization of HPMC as a matrix former extended the drug release longer than 8h. HPMC viscosity grades affected the drug release, that is, increasing the amount of fillers such as lactose and dibasic calcium phosphate enhanced the drug release rate of HPMC matrices. The hydrodynamic force, type and amount of incorporated polymer apparently influenced the drug release. The physiochemical properties of polymers and interaction between HPMC and other polymers were important factors for prolongation of the drug release. The release mechanism from HPMC-based matrices in capsules was the non-Fickian transport in which the sustainable drug release of HPMC capsules could be achieved by the addition of polymeric matrix.

In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of repaglinide loaded floating microspheres prepared from different viscosity grades of HPMC polymer

During the study repaglinide encapsulated floating microspheres were formulated and characterized for enhancing residence time of drug in git and thereby increasing its bioavailability. Floating microspheres of ethylcellulose (EC) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) (5 and 100cps) were prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion technique. During process optimization various parameters were studied such as: drug: polymer ratio, polymer ratio, concentration of emulsifier and stirring speed. Selected optimized formulations were studied for SEM, entrapment, floating behavior, drug release and kinetics. In-vivo floating ability (X-ray) study and in-vivo antidiabetic activity were performed on alloxan induced diabetic rats. Microspheres prepared with different viscosity grade HPMC were spherical shaped with smooth surface. Size of microspheres was in the range of 181.1–248μm. Good entrapment and buoyancy were observed for 12h. X-ray image showed that optimized formulation remained buoyant for more than 6h. Optimized formulation treated group shows significant (p<0.01) reduction in blood glucose level as compared to pure drug treated group. Repaglinide loaded floating microspheres expected to give new choice for safe, economical and increased bioavailable formulation for effective management of NIDDM.

Formulation and Characterization of Ketoprofen Emulgels

Gastro-Retentive Floating Matrix Tablets of Cefpodoxime ProxetilK. Sreenivasa Rao, Rakesh R. Vairagkar, Dattatreya B. Udgirkar, Praveen S. Patil, Karnakumar V. Biradar