Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Properties Research Articles

Bioactive polyphenolic compounds, water-soluble vitamins, in vitro anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and free radical scavenging properties of underutilized alternate crop Amaranthus spinosus L. from Gangetic plain of West Bengal

Studies associated with validation of folklore and ethnomedicinal claim of utilization of different plant parts of ‘spiny amaranth’ (Amaranthus spinosus L.) against degenerative diseases with chemical data, particularly the bioactive polyphenolic compounds and associated anti-degenerative properties are scanty and is the purpose of the present investigations. RP-HPLC coupled photodiode assay was employed for the quantification of twenty-one health promoting bioactive polyphenolic antioxidants derived from phenylpropanoid pathway from different plant parts of Amaranthus spinosus L. for validating organoleptic traditional claims as well as current trends in practice of this underutilized medicinal herb. Further, important water-soluble vitamins [vitamin B1, B2, B3, B6, B9] present in different plant parts were extracted and estimated through RP-HPLC for validating the claim of their functional food properties. The antioxidant-based functional food property of different plant parts of Amaranthus spinosus were corroborated from the data of in vitro free radical scavenging, metal-chelating, reducing, superoxide radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, anti-protein coagulation, anti-lipid peroxidation and antidiabetic properties. When compared, a positive correlation in accumulation of polyphenolic compounds and water-soluble vitamins tested with antioxidant attributes were noticed for different plant parts, strongly substantiating their phytonutrient properties. Taken as a whole, the present work provides data on organ-specific bioavailability of bioactive polyphenolic antioxidant compounds, water soluble B- vitamins and their functional attributes for validating traditional claims as well as existing trends in consumption of this underutilized medicinal vegetable as low-cost natural antioxidant supplement and functional food, which may encourage their effective exploration and utilization.

Medical applications of Couroupita guianensis Abul plant and Covid-19 best Safety measure by using Mathematical Nano topological spaces

Lellis Thivagar and Richard introduced the idea of Nano topology as an extension of set theory for such study of intelligent systems with little or imperfect knowledge. The Nano open set consists of the components of a Nano topological space. It is derived from the Greek term 'Nanos,' which means 'dwarf,' in the current scientific meaning, a magnitude of one billionth. The topology is referred to as a Nano topology due to its small size, since it has no more than five components. Lellis Thivagar has carried out Nutrition Modeling Through Nanotopology directions, some of which were shown in his pioneering work. This article discusses the implementation of nanotopological structures to enable knowledge reduction in real-world scenarios. Couroupita guianensis's Ayurvedic usage of Immunobooster, antifungal, antibacterial, Skin infection, hypertension, tumor, snake bite, malaria. The chemical ingredient of C. guianensis, numerous studies have indicated that extracts derived from various sections of CG have a considerable antioxidant activity. Leaf, stem, as well as flower extracts demonstrated varied DPPH, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, and hydroxyl radical scavenging properties. Almost every component of the tree has been Ayurvedic utilised to cure a variety of diseases. In mathematically using Nano topological spaces we can identify which parts the plant mostly cure antifungal, and antibacterial activities. After that one more applications of regarding Covid-19 virus. The WHO verified on 12 January 2020 that a new coronavirus was responsible for a cluster of respiratory illnesses in a cluster of persons in Wuhan, Hubei, China, which has been notified to the WHO on 31 December 2019. India announced its first incidence of COVID-19 at Thrissur, Kerala, on 30 January 2020, India is Cases: 43,018,032 and death cases 520,885 and Recovered: 42,480,436.After third wave of covid 19 now normal functioned happened. WHO and Indian government defined covid safety measures like Wear mask, Don't skip vaccinations, avoid touching his or her eyes, nose, and mouth, maintain a physical distance from the others, and vaccinations of all the people. Now using nano topological spaces which are main core component identified by nano topological spaces.

Cytotoxic Potential of Ficus palmata Extracts on Lung Cancer Cell Lines (A549)

Cancer accounts for 10 million deaths globally whereas the treatments available either have several side effects or non-effective due to multi-drug resistant property of cancer cells for long term use. Therefore, it is utmost important to find safe therapeutic drugs that have cytotoxic potentials against cancer cells. Medicinal plants are believed to have lesser side effects with huge therapeutic efficacy. One such species is Ficus palmata which is known to have several medicinal properties and great antioxidant potentials. Earlier it was reported that methanolic extract of leaves (FPLM) and aqueous extract stembark (FPBA) of this plant have decent antioxidant properties. Therefore, the anticancer potentials of these plant extracts have been evaluated in addition of hydroxyl radical scavenging property. The results shown that FPBA represents higher antioxidant (IC50 value= 242.46±11.26 µg/ml) and anticancer effects against lung cancer (A549) cell lines (IC50 value= 69.74±2.12) whereas this plant extract have lower toxicity (IC50 value= 249.61±7.31) on normal cell lines (3T3-L1) which indicate that FPBA can be a potential therapeutic option for cancer and oxidative stress. The study concluded that the stem bark aqueous extract having therapeutic properties against lung cancer. It is to be recommended that the bioactive compound responsible for its therapeutic properties need to explore against cancer cell by evaluating various other parameters such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and toxic effect on cell morphology.

Metronidazole does not show direct antioxidant activity in in vitro global systems

Metronidazole has been widely used topically and systemically for more than 50 years but data on its antioxidant properties are still incomplete, unclear and contradictory. Its antioxidant properties are primarily hypothesized based on in vivo results, therefore, studies have been performed to determine whether metronidazole has antioxidant activity in vitro. We used so-called global spectrophotometric and luminometric methods. Fe3+/Fe2+-reducing ability, hydrogen donor activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging property and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity were investigated. Under the condition used, metronidazole has negligible iron-reducing ability and hydrogen donor activity. The hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity cannot be demonstrated. It acts as a pro-oxidant in the H2O2/.OH-microperoxidase-luminol system, but it can inhibit the induced lipid peroxidation. According to our results, metronidazole has not shown antioxidant activity in vitro but can affect redox homeostasis by a ROS-independent mechanism due to its non-direct antioxidant properties.

Antioxidant mediated protective effect of Bridelia tomentosa leaf extract against carbofuran induced oxidative hepatic toxicity.

Bridelia tomentosa (B. tomentosa) is a traditional medicinal plant for treating diverse ailments. Hence, we designed our study to scrutinize the protective effect of the methanol extract of B. tomentosa leaf (BTL) against carbofuran-induced oxidative stress-mediated hepato-toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats for the first time, along with the identification and quantification of phenolic acids and flavonoids by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and evaluation of antioxidant and antiradical activities of this extract. HPLC analysis confirmed the existence of tannic acid, gallic acid, salicylic acid, and naringin in B. tomentosa leaf extract which showed in-vitro antioxidant potentialities with DPPH, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical scavenging properties. Co-administration of B. tomentosa leaf extract with carbofuran showed dose-dependent significant protective effects of hepatic toxicity on serum markers such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl-transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, globulin, lipid profile, urea, uric acid, and creatinine. Carbofuran intoxication also revealed an upsurge in malondialdehyde (MDA) and a decline in cellular endogenous antioxidant enzyme levels in rats compared with the control group. However, B. tomentosa leaf extract co-treatment increased the levels of hepatic antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, and amended the MDA level. Similarly, histopathological evaluation further assured that BTL could keep the hepatocyte from carbofuran-induced damage. Therefore, all of our findings may conclude that the phenolic acids and flavonoids of B. tomentosa leaf extract are responsible to neutralize the toxic free radical-mediated oxidative hepatic damages.

Designed synthesis of chlorine and nitrogen co-doped Ti3C2 MXene quantum dots and their outstanding hydroxyl radical scavenging properties

As a novel zero-dimensional (0D) material, metal carbides and/or carbonitrides (MXenes) quantum dots (MQDs) show unique photoluminescence properties and excellent biocompatibility. However, due to the limited synthesis methods and research to date, many new features have yet to be uncovered. Here, to explore their new properties and expand biological applications, chlorine and nitrogen co-doped Ti3C2 MXene quantum dots (Cl, N-Ti3C2 MQDs) were designed and synthesized, and their hydroxyl radical scavenging properties were investigated for the first time, revealing outstanding performance. Cl, N-Ti3C2 MQDs was directly stripped from bulk Ti3AlC2 by electrochemical etching, while N and Cl are successfully introduced to carbon skeleton and Ti boundaries in the etching process by electrochemical reactions between selected electrolytes and Ti3C2 skeleton, respectively. The obtained Cl, N-Ti3C2 MQDs exhibit large surface-to-volume ratio due to small particle size (ca.3.45 nm) and excellent higher scavenging activity (93.3 %) and lower usage (12.5 μg/mL) towards hydroxyl radicals than the previous reported graphene-based nanoparticles. The underlying mechanism of scavenging activity was also studied based on the reduction experiment with potassium permanganate (KMnO4). The reducing ability of the intrinsic Ti3C2 structure and electron donation of double dopants are the main contributors to the outstanding scavenging activity.

Scavenging of hydroxyl radical by kinsenoside originated from anoectochilus roxburghii: A DFT approach

- A density functional theory (DFT) study on the hydroxyl radical scavenging properties of Kinsenoside originated from Anoectochilus roxburghii is presented. Two mechanisms, single electron transfer (SET) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) are considered. The thermochemical results demonstrate that the SET mechanism is not plausible to occur. With respect to the HAT, the interaction of OH• radical with Kinsenoside is also studied in detail by establishing potential energy surface (PES). This result strongly confirms that the C8H bond decides the radical scavenging activity of Kinsenoside with activation Gibbs free energy (∆G≠) and rate constants (k) of 1.1 kcal/mol and 5.9×10-8 cm3/molecules, respectively

One-pot synthesis of cerium and praseodymium co-doped carbon quantum dots as enhanced antioxidant for hydroxyl radical scavenging

The antioxidant activity of ceria nanoparticles is tightly regulated by size distribution and heteroatom doping. Inspired by this rule, cerium and praseodymium codoped carbon quantum dots (Ce/Pr-CQDs) were synthesized through the one-pot hydrothermal carbonization method. Taking intrinsic advantage of CQDs, the resultant Ce/Pr-CQDs exhibited uniform and ultra-small morphology with an average size of 2.8 nm, which led to an increased proportion of Ce3+. In addition, the doping of Pr into Ce-CQDs improved the redox properties. As we expected, the Ce/Pr-CQDs possessed enhanced hydroxyl radical scavenging properties compared with the cerium-doped carbon quantum dots (Ce-CQDs). Furthermore, Ce/Pr-CQDs with favorable biocompatibility and negligible cytotoxicity are readily internalized into cytoplasm, decreasing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Taken together, the resultant Ce/Pr-CQDs displayed great potential for applications relating to oxidative-stress-associated disease.

Techno-functional traits and safety aspects of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolated from traditional fermented food

ABSTRACTNgari is a traditional-fermented fish food product of northeast India from which distinct bacteria were initially isolated and assessed for their antagonistic activities against wide spectrum of foodborne and enteric infection-causing pathogens. Among them, Staphylococcus saprophyticus strain AAS1 showed strong inhibitory activity against all the indicator pathogens, ranging from 81.14 ± 2.4 to 340.18 ± 2.1 AU/mL. In vitro techno-functional properties of strain AAS1 were further evaluated and confirmed by using standard methodologies. The AASI strain exhibited high tolerance at higher acidic conditions, simulated gastric juice of pH 2.0, and oxgall (0.5%, w/v). Furthermore, this strain showed noticeable hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation traits of 64.2 ± 1.3 and 44.3 ± 1.5%, respectively. The isolate depicted not only resistance to phenol and lysozyme but also exhibited 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl degradation (16.6 ± 1.2–67.5 ± 1.1%), hydrogen peroxide tolerance (2.1 ± 0.04–1.1 ± 0.04), and hydroxyl radical scavenging (10.6 ± 1.2–57.5 ± 1.1%) properties. Strain AAS1 fermented varied carbohydrates and produced exopolysaccharide and lipase. The isolate exhibited significant rate of autolysis (48.6 ± 1.2%), catalase activity (18.14 ± 0.3 AU), and nitrate reductase production (26.32 ± 0.8 mM nitrite/mg dry weight). It has also showed negative results toward in vitro hemolytic, DNase, gelatinase, and biofilm formation tests, in addition to being susceptible to conventional antibiotics used. In a nutshell, strain AAS1 may be employed as quintessential candidate for its disparate applications in food and pharmaceutical industries if its probiotic function can be validated.

Antioxidant activitiy of Lactobacillus plantarum , Lactobacillus sake and Lactobacillus curvatus strains isolated from fermented Turkish Sucuk.

In recent years, it is very important to find more safe and natural antioxidants than biological sources to replace synthetic antioxidants. The antioxidant properties of 22 lactic acid bacteria were investigated in vitro in the present study. The conducted in vitro antioxidant assays included scavenging the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) free radical, metal (Fe+2) ion chelation, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical scavenging properties, and anti-lipid peroxidation. Analysis of DPPH free radical scavenging property of microorganisms demonstrated that Lactobacillus plantarum IH14L (90.34 ± 0.40%) strain exhibited the highest activity. The highest Fe+2 chelation activity was observed with Lactobacillus curvatus GH5L (75.98 ± 5.35%), while the lowest chelation activity was observed with L. plantarum IH14L (19.80 ± 0,05). The highest and lowest hydroxyl radical scavenging strains were L. plantarum IH16L (82.25 ± 1.60%) and L. plantarum IH26L (35.60 ± 4.50) strains, respectively. Comparison of superoxide radical scavenging activities of the microorganisms demonstrated that these activities ranged between 21.63 ± 1.32% and 7.22 ± 0.04%. A positive correlation was identified between the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of the microorganisms and the anti-lipid peroxidation property. It was found that they had the potential for use in nutritional and probiotic applications as protective and natural antioxidants.

Preparation and evaluation of Bletilla striata polysaccharide/carboxymethyl chitosan/Carbomer 940 hydrogel for wound healing.

This study aims at developing an effective, safe and economic hydrogel, with wound healing ability, by making use of polysaccharides. Bletilla striata polysaccharide (Bsp) and the bioactive natural polymers, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), were physically blended with Carbomer 940 (CBM940) in order to promote gel-forming and improve water retention. FT-IR displayed hydrogen bonding between CBM940 and CMC played a role in physical gel formation. XRD showed broad and weak intensity peak of Bsp/CMC/CBM940 hydrogel. SEM, rheological measurement and water loss test revealed that the best hydrogel with optimum characteristics in relation to porous structure, elastic property and water retention could be obtained by mixing Bsp, CMC and CBM940 in a ratio of 4:1:1. In vitro studies proved that the Bsp/CMC/CBM940 hydrogel possessed blood compatibility. M293T cells viability was over 85% via MTT assay which revealed non-cytotoxicity. Hydroxyl radical scavenging property highly improved while Bsp combined with CMC. The full-thickness wound experiment illustrated 71.64 ± 6.64% and 83.80 ± 5.56% wound healing rates for Bsp4:CMC1:CBM9401 hydrogel on Day 7 and Day 14, respectively, which showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in comparison to the positive control. Histological observation expressed epithelization, dense collagen fiber and neovascular formation in hydrogel group on Day 14. Bsp/CMC/CBM940 hydrogel can, hence, serve as an attractive candidate for healing wounds.

IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING POTENTIAL OF METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF UVARIA CHAMAE LEAVES AND ROOTS

Objective: This study investigated the in vitro antioxidant and free radical potentials of methanol extracts of Uvaria chamae leaves and roots.Methods: Fresh Uvaria chamae leaves and roots were air dried, pulverized and extracted using methanol. Phytochemical, total phenolic, flavonoids, antioxidant and tannin contents, DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide radical scavenging properties of the extracts were determined using standard methods.Results: In vitro antioxidant potentials revealed that methanol extract of Uvaria chamae leaves contains vitamin A (4871±79.21 I. U) and vitamin C (1.72±0.02%) while the root extract contains vitamin A (673.28±0.00I. U) and vitamin C (1.66±0.01%). Both extracts had equal contents of vitamin E (8.83±0.04 mg/100g). The leaf extract scavenged 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) in a concentration dependent manner with the correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.839 and effective concentration (EC50) of 31.19 µg/ml, while the root extract scavenged DPPH with R2 of0.778 and EC50 of 14.00 µg/ml. The leaf and root extracts scavenged superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical with EC50 of 5.93 µg/ml and 719.45 µg/ml; 107.89 µg/ml and 912.01 µg/ml respectively compared to the EC50 of ascorbic standard (30.27 µg/ml) and EC50 of vitamin E standard (106.66µg/ml) respectively. The leaf extract showed significantly higher (p<0.05) anti radical power (ARP) of superoxide (0.17) compared to the root extract (0.0014) and the root extract showed significantly higher (p<0.05) ARP of DPPH (0.071) compared to the leaf extract (0.032).Conclusion: The leaves and roots of Uvaria chamae are rich in natural antioxidants that can be exploited in the treatment of diseases related to oxidative stress.

Antimicrobial activities, antioxidant and phytochemical analysis of methanol and aqueous leaf extract of Phyllathus muellerianus (KUNTZ) Exell

FRED COOLBORThe development of resistance in many microorganisms to synthetic drugs, inability of these synthetic drugs to provide cure for some diseases and infections calls for serious attention. Due to this development, the antimicrobial activity, phytochemical analysis and antioxidant properties of aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of Phyllanthus muellerianus was studied. Well in agar diffusion method was used for the antimicrobial test. Chemical methods was used for the preliminary phytochemical screening and the in vitro antioxidant tests. The aqueous leaf extract possessed higher antibacterial potency (14.0±0.16–37.3±0.03 mm) on the test bacteria species and less of antifungal activity (5.0±0.2–16.0±0.0 mm) than the antibacterial (6.2±0.5–20.8±0.3 mm) and antifungal antibiotics (6.5±0.07-17.7±0.4 mm) respectively. Methanol extract only inhibited Candida krusei with inhibition of 4.5±0.3 mm. In both the qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals N AKHARAIYI* AND ABAYOMI OLABANJO DINA screened, aqueous extract was of higher yield thanmethanol extract. The in vitro antioxidant assay of the leaf extract in free radical scavenging (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant and hydroxyl radical scavenging properties yielded values able to represent antimicrobial potentials which may make the plant serve as alternative medicine for cure of the many microbial disease origins that plaque around properties was exhibited by P. muellerianus leaf extract, it may enhance a large segment of the world population to rely upon the use of traditional system of medicine for disease healing with novel plants. screened, aqueous extract was of higher yield than the world. As valuable antimicrobial potential, phytochemical constituents and in vitro antioxidant

Changes in the amino acid profiles and free radical scavenging activities of Tenebrio molitor larvae following enzymatic hydrolysis.

Tenebrio molitor (T. molitor) larvae provide food at low environmental cost and contribute positively to livelihoods. In this research, we compared the amino acids compositions and antioxidant activities of various extracts of T. molitor to enhance their quality as food. For the comparison, distilled water extracts, enzymatic hydrolysates, and condensed enzymatic hydrolysates of T. molitor larvae were prepared. Their amino acids (AAs) profiles and antioxidant activities, including ferric-reducing antioxidant power, oxygen radical absorption capacity, and DPPH, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging properties assay were analyzed. DW extracts had the lowest AAs contents and antioxidant activity compared with enzymatic extracts. Condensed hydrolysates with a combination of alcalase and flavourzyme (C-A+F) exhibited the highest levels of total free AAs (11.1759 g/100 g). C-A+F produced higher total hydrolyzed AAs (32.5292 g/100 g) compared with the other groups. The C-A+F possessed the strongest antioxidant activity. Notably, the antioxidant activities of the hydrolysates and the total hydrolyzed AAs amount were correlated. Taken together, our findings showed that C-A+F was a promising technique for obtaining extracts of T. molitor larvae with antioxidant activity as potential nutritious functional food.

Foliar anti-diabetic and antioxidant potential of a promising accession of Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.: GC-MS based evidences

The present study makes an effort to investigate the foliar neutraceutical potential of a promising green accession of a seed amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus, accession no. IC94661) based on anti-lipid peroxidation property, reducing power, metal chelating activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging property, antidiabetic factor and GC-MS based identification of hydroxyl containing phytochemicals. Methanol and aqueous fractions possessed exhibited better anti-lipid peroxidation, reducing, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and metal chelating properties in the experimental accession. Estimation of anti-diabetic factors from the young leaf extract also revealed significantly high α-glucosidase and α- amylase inhibition properties. When GC-MS study was carried out, it exhibited presence of several hydroxyls containing phytochemicals in the accession, some of which are having antioxidant properties. Taken as a whole, the data not only provide evidence of rich sources of marker antioxidant properties but also the availability of several phytochemicals with hydroxyls, in support of its rich pharmaceutical potential.

Antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti inflammatory properties of water and n-butanol soluble extracts from Saharian Anvillea radiata in high-fat-diet fed mice

Ethnopharmacological relevanceAccording to Saharian traditional medicine, Anvillea radiata Coss. & Dur. (Asteraceae) has been valued for treating a variety of ailments such as gastro-intestinal, liver and pulmonary diseases, and has gained awareness for its beneficial effect on postprandial hyperglycemia. However, to best of our knowledge, no detailed study of the antidiabetic curative effects of this plant has been conducted yet. Aim of the studyTo determine the hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effect of dietary supplementation with Anvillea radiata extracts on high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity and insulin resistance in C57BL/6J mice in relation with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, pancreatic beta-cells and skeletal muscle protection, and digestive enzyme inhibiting properties. Materials and methodsSix extracts (water soluble and organic) from aerial parts of the plant were analyzed phytochemically (total phenolic and flavonoid content) and screened for in vitro superoxide (by chemiluminescence) and hydroxyl radical (by electron paramagnetic resonance spin-trapping) scavenging, antioxidant (DPPH, TRAP and ORAC assays), xanthine oxidase, metal chelating, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory property, and protective effects on copper-induced lipoprotein oxidation. Then selected hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts were assessed for toxicity in normal human lung fibroblasts and A549 cancer cells using FMCA and MTT assays. Two water-soluble extracts having the best overall properties were assessed for their (i) protective effect at 1−15µg/mL on metabolic activity of rat insulinoma-derived INS-1 cells exposed to hyperglycemic medium, and (ii) acute hypoglycemic effect on 16-weeks HFD-induced diabetic mice. Then diabetic mice were administered HFD supplemented by extracts (up to 150mg/kg/day) for 12 additional weeks using standard diet as control and the antidiabetic drug, metformin (150mg/kg), as positive control. Then the antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of extracts were determined. ResultsOf the highly efficient polyphenolics-enriched hydroalcoholic and ethyl acetate extracts, the lyophilized aqueous (AQL) and butanol extracts were not toxic in cells (≤ 400µg/mL) or when given orally in normal mice (≤ 2000mg/kg), exerted a dose-dependent hypoglycemic action in diabetic mice, which was maximal at the dose of 150mg/kg. Upon administering this dose for 12 weeks, both extracts significantly ameliorated body weight control capacity, recovery of plasma glucose and insulin level, reduced oxidative stress in blood, myocardial and skeletal muscles, and improved hyperlipidemic and inflammatory status. Moreover, diabetes-related complications were optimally ameliorated by oral therapy based on halved doses (75mg/kg) of a mixture of AQL and metformin. ConclusionsCurrent investigation supports the traditional medicinal usage of Anvillea radiata and suggests that both readily accessible and low-cost bio-extracts have the potency to develop an antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and protective agent against beta-cells and muscle dysfunction at doses compatible with the common practices of indigenous people for the management of metabolic disorders.

Synthesis and in vitro antioxidant activity study of some new piperazinyl flavone compounds.

Flavones exhibit a variety of beneficial effects and are well known for their medicinal importance in several diseases, including cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and cancer. The inclusion of the piperazine ring to the flavone backbone is an important strategy in drug discovery but only a few studies have synthesized piperazinyl flavone compounds to test their biological activity. While there is a major focus on the antioxidant properties of drugs in therapy of several diseases of inflammatory origin, we synthesized a series of the novel piperazinyl flavone analogues bearing the phenyl ring with different substituents. The analogues were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity against superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging properties. The total antioxidant status based on the absorbance of the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical cation (ABTS+• ) and total antioxidant capacity using the Fe(III)-ferrozine complex were also monitored. The results of the above studies showed that the compounds synthesized were found possessed moderate radical scavenging potential, and that their interaction with reactive oxygen species is complex and depends on their structural conformation and the type of substituent R in the piperazine ring being attached. Best antiradical activity were found for the compounds with methoxy groups on the phenyl ring of substituent R, whereas the presence of methoxy or trifluoromethyl groups in substituent R resulted in higher ABTS+• and ion Fe(III) reduction. These compounds are promising molecules to be used for their antioxidant properties and may be regarded, after improvement of the antioxidant potential, to control diseases of free radical etiology.

Nafion-porous cerium oxide nanotubes composite membrane for polymer electrolyte fuel cells operated under dry conditions

Abstract A composite membrane operated in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) under low relative humidity (RH) is developed by incorporating cerium oxide nanotubes (CeNT) into a perfluorosulfonic acid (Nafion®) membrane. Porous CeNT is synthesized by direct heating a precursor impregnated polymer fibers at 500 °C under an air atmosphere. Compared to recast Nafion and commercial Nafion (NRE-212) membranes, the Nafion-CeNT composite membrane generates 1.1 times higher power density at 0.6 V, operated at 80 °C under 100% RH. Compared to Nafion-cerium oxide nanoparticles (Nafion-CeNP) membrane, the Nafion-CeNT provides 1.2 and 1.7 times higher PEFC performance at 0.6 V when operated at 80 °C under 100% and 18% RH, respectively. Additionally, the Nafion-CeNT composite membrane exhibits a good fuel cell operation under 18% RH at 80 °C. Specifically, the fluoride emission rate of Nafion-CeNT composite membrane is 20 times lower than that of the commercial NRE-212 membrane when operated under 18% RH at 80 °C for 96 h. The outstanding PEFC performance and durability operated under dry conditions is mainly attributed to the facile water diffusion capability as well as the effective hydroxyl radical scavenging property of the CeNT filler, resulting in significantly mitigating both the ohmic resistance and Nafion membrane degradation.

Enhanced Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Activity by Doping Lanthanum in Ceria Nanocubes

Ceria nanoparticles have been reported to possess special antioxidant and catalytic properties due to their unique redox characteristics. In this study, single-crystalline CeO2 nanocubes were synthesized which demonstrated hydroxyl radical scavenging properties. In order to further enhance such activity, 10% lanthanum (La) was doped into the nanocubes by a hydrothermal method. The as-synthesized, La-modified ceria nanocubes presented improved radical scavenging activity spanning a range of concentrations and durations. The structure and redox behavior of the nanocubes were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high resolution electron microscopy (HREM), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), oxygen storage capacity (OSC), etc. A mechanism was proposed on how the incorporation of La could affect the redox as well as scavenging properties of CeO2 nanocubes. This new nanomaterial may be potentially used as protective agent in b...

Antigenotoxic and antioxidant activities of a polyphenolic extract from European Dracocephalum moldavica L.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the antigenotoxic and antioxidant activities of the crude hydromethanolic extract from the aerial parts of European Dracocephalum moldavica L. (Moldavian dragonhead). The total phenolic content estimated by the Folin–Ciocalteu assay was 289.55±2.63mg of GAE/g of dry extract, and rosmarinic acid was the major polyphenol of Dracocephalum moldavica extract (107.11±0.83mg/g of dry extract). In vitro antioxidant assays revelead remarkable scavenging effects against DPPH (EC50=23.10±0.10μg/mL), ABTS (EC50=8.0±0.10μg/mL) and superoxide anion radicals (EC50=445.5±2.3μg/mL). The extract showed a high ferrous ion chelating activity (EC50=35.70±0.40μg/mL), a considerable reducing capacity, and good hydroxyl radical scavenging properties. Dracocephalum moldavica extract reduced, in a concentration-dependent manner, DNA damage induced by bleomycin in normal human dermal fibroblasts as measured by comet assay and micronucleus test. Exposure of dermal fibroblasts to Dracocephalum moldavica extract (100μg/mL) after preincubation with bleomycin (10μg/mL) resulted in the most significant antigenotoxic activity. The protective effects may be due to the free radical scavenging activity, iron-chelating properties and the possible intervention on DNA repair processes.