Hydrophobic Cotton Fabrics Research Articles

Anti-flammable, anti-fouling, anti-bacterial treatment of cotton fabrics with MOF-based hybrid coatings for highly efficient oil-water separation

A flame-retardant and hydrophobic coating was deposited on the surface of the cotton fabric via a two-step spray deposition technique. Specifically, the coating was composed of flame retardant components (guanidine phosphate) and hydrophobic species (Ti-MOF and bis(3-aminopropyl)-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)) and crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the coated cotton fabrics increased from 18.0 % to 32.0 % (15#) and 26.5 % (15#-Ti-PDMS) relative to that of the original cotton fabric, and the coated cotton fabrics also self-extinguished in the UL-94 flammability test. Compared with that of the original cotton fabric, the PHRR of the coated fabrics was significantly lower, reaching 80 %. The coated cotton fabrics (15# and 15#-Ti-PDMS) had good antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In addition, 15#-Ti-PDMS had high hydrophobicity, good washing and abrasion resistance and good water-oil separation performance. Its water contact angle was 146°. The water contact angle remained above 130° after 10 laundering cycles and 50 scratch cycles. Even under strongly acidic and basic conditions, the water-oil separation efficiency of 15#-Ti-PDMS was greater than 99 %, and it was still greater than 90 % after 10 cycles. Therefore, a simple and effective method for preparing flame-retardant, hydrophobic and antibacterial cotton fabrics was developed.

Facile fabrication of ultradurable flame-retardant and hydrophobic cotton fabric with P/N-rich maltodextrin derivative and octadecyltrimethoxysilane

Flame-retardant and hydrophobic cotton fabric provides protections from fire, stain and bacteria in daily life. However, it is still a great challenge to achieve ultrahigh durability via a green and facile technology. Herein, we synthesized a reactive P/N-rich maltodextrin derivative (PM), and reported a facile dipping-baking strategy to fabricate ultradurable flame-retardant and hydrophobic cotton fabric with PM and octadecyltrimethoxysilane (OTMS). The acids released from PM not only reacted with cellulose during baking, but also catalyzed the hydrolysis-polycondensation of OTMS and silylation reaction of cellulose. Thanks to the P/N/Si synergy and the existence of polyalkylsiloxane coating, treated fabric exhibited outstanding flame retardancy and hydrophobicity with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 34.7% and a water contact angle (WCA) of 143.3°. The chemical crosslinkings in PM-cellulose and OTMS-cellulose imparted ultrahigh durability to treated fabric. The LOI and WCA of treated fabric still reached 27.2% and 127.9° after 50 harsh washing cycles, respectively. Moreover, the WCA still maintained above 125° after 3000 intense friction cycles or soaked in strongly acidic/alkaline solution for 3 days. This work not only provides a new idea to synthesize biobased reactive flame retardant, but also a feasible and sustainable strategy for fabricating ultradurable hydrophobic and flame-retardant cotton fabric.

Halloysite-based inorganic-organic hybrid coatings for durable flame retardant, hydrophobic and antibacterial properties of cotton fabrics

Developing durable protective cotton fabrics (CF) against potential environmental dangers such as fire hazards and bacterial growth remains an imperative but tough challenge. In this study, flame retardant, antibacterial and hydrophobic CF were successfully prepared via two-step coating. The inner coating entailed polyelectrolyte complexes consisting of polyethyleneimine and ammonium polyphosphate with the goal of enhancing the flame retardancy of CF. Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), a kind of tubular silicate mineral, were creatively modified and introduced to multifunctional coatings to improve flame retardant and antibacterial properties of CF. N-halamine modified HNTs (HNTs-EA-Cl) and polydimethylsiloxane were applied as the outer coating to endow CF with antibacterial and hydrophobic properties and further improve the flame retardancy of CF. After halloysite-based inorganic-organic hybrid coatings, the limiting oxygen index of the treated samples (PAHP-CF) was over 28 %, and the release of heat and smoke was significantly inhibited. PAHP-CF could inactivate 100 % E. coli and S. aureus within 2 h. More importantly, PAHP-CF showed excellent hydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 148° and exhibited great prevention of bacterial adhesion. PAHP-CF exhibited excellent washing durability undergoing 5 washing cycles. This study promotes the development of multifunctional coatings and offers a new way to manufacture multifunctional cotton fabrics.

Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles and Their Application on Cotton Fabrics to Obtain Superhydrophobic Surfaces

حضرت جسيمات أوكسيد الزنك النانوية ZnO (NPs) بطريقة كيميائية رطبة عند درجتي حرارة مختلفتين (30-90) ̊C باستخدام كلوريد الزنك كبادئ في وسط مائي. تم توصيف جسيمات أوكسيد الزنك النانوي المحضر باستخدام المجهر الإلكتروني الماسح (SEM) ,حيود الأشعة السينية (XRD) ، وطيف الأشعة تحت الحمراء (FTIR) ، أشارت أنماط الأشعة السينية الى بنية سداسية (wurtizte) بمتوسط حجم بلوري (19.5-23nm) لجسيمات أوكسيد الزنك المحضرة عند درجتي الحرارة (30-90 ̊C)على التوالي. أظهرت صور المجهر الالكتروني الماسح أنه مع زيادة درجة الحرارة ، تغير شكل جسيمات أوكسيد الزنك النانوي من الأسلاك النانوية إلى االشكل الكروي . لتصنيع قماش قطني فائق المقاومة للماء. تم غمر القماش في محلول غروواني لأوكسيد الزنك بتركيز (1٪) ,ثم تعديله لاحقًا بحمض الشمع . تم توصيف القماش القطني المعالج باستخدام المجهر الإلكتروني الماسح (SEM) واختبار زاوية التماس (CA) .أظهرت نتائج المجهر الالكتروني الماسح أن جسيمات أوكسيد الزنك النانوي المحضر عند(90 ̊C) خلق خشونة على سطح القطن أفضل من جسيمات أكسيد الزنك النانوي المحضرعند (30 ̊C). أظهرت نتائج اختبار زاوية التماس CA خصائص فائقة الكره للماء لعينات أوكسيد الزنك النانوي المحضر عند(90 ̊C) ، بينما أظهرت عينات أوكسيد الزنك النانوي المحضر عند(30 ̊C) خصائص كارهة للماء فقط بعد التعديل بحمض الشمع. تم استخدام تراكيز مختلفة من حمض الشمع لجعل سطح أوكسيد الزنك كارهاً للماء. أظهرت نتائج زاوية التماس (CA) أن القماش القطني المعالج بأوكسيد الزنك النانوي المحضر عند الدرجة (90 ̊C) المعدل ب 1٪ وزناً من حمض الشمع أظهر سطحاً فائق الكره للماء بزاوية تماس (CA=154̊ ).

Integration of Dual Fire Alarm Self-Powered System: Leveraging Intelligent Wearable Flame-Retardant Hydrophobic Cotton Fabric

In the realm of smart textiles, an area garnering significant research attention and demonstrating vast developmental potential, we have conceived and fabricated a multifunctional smart textile with a fire dual-warning function. This innovation integrates thermoelectric performance, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), flame retardancy, and hydrophobic functionalities into a cohesive entity. Employing a straightforward impregnation method, we successfully infused cotton fabric (CF) with a novel flame retardant (named AA). Additionally, CF/PPA is modified by incorporating poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as separate layers, with the former providing thermoelectric properties and the latter enabling TENG functionality in smart textiles. This configuration exhibits excellent voltage output performance, generating a thermoelectric effect of 221 mV under a temperature differential of 76 K and achieving voltage output as high as 138 V at a vertical contact-separation frequency of 5 Hz. The superior dual-warning function, flame-retardant properties, and hydrophobicity of CF/PPA can be integrated into firefighting apparel, thereby establishing fire-alarm systems with remote signal transmission capabilities to enhance personnel safety. Furthermore, CF/PPA holds promising dual warning application prospects in the field of wearable flame-retardant and fire-alarm systems, thus paving new avenues for the utilization of smart textiles in the realm of the Internet of Things (IoT).

Preparation and properties of flame retardant and hydrophobic cotton fabrics based on poly-(dimethylsiloxane-co-diphenylsiloxane, dihydroxy terminated)/ammonia phytate

Applications for cotton fabrics with multifunctional qualities, such as flame retardancy, hydrophobicity, and anti-ultraviolet properties, are increasingly common and growing daily. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the preparation of flame retardant, hydrophobic, and ultraviolet (UV) protection cotton fabrics through the utilization of Poly-dimethylsiloxane-co-diphenylsiloxane, dihydroxy terminated (HTDMS) and ammonia phytate (AP). The flame retardancy, thermal stability, mechanical properties, anti-UV properties, air permeability and the hydrophobicity properties of coated cotton fabrics were evaluated. The results indicated that the HTDMS/AP coating was successfully deposited on the surface of cotton fabrics. The damaged length of Cotton/HTDMS/AP was 4.7 cm, and the limiting oxygen index reached 31.5 %. The thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the char residues in the high-temperature range were increased. Furthermore, cone calorimetry results indicated that after the HTDMS/AP coating, the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production values decreased by 88.7 %, 51.2 %, and 98.4 %, respectively. Moreover, the deposition of HTDMS/AP provided cotton fabrics with hydrophobicity with a water contact angle of over 130°, while Cotton/HTDMS/AP maintained their air permeability, and enhanced the breaking force compared with those of Cotton/AP. Such desirable qualities make HTDMS/AP a meaningful coating for producing multifunctional cotton fabrics.

ZIF-8/GO/PDMS modified cotton fabric to form a hierarchical-structure coating for fast oil/water separation

An efficient hydrophobic and lipophilic cotton fabric was designed for oil/water separation. ZIF-8 (zeolitic imidazolate framework-8) nanocrystals were synthesized and subsequently uniformly mixed with a GO (graphene oxide) dispersion, and then the cotton fabric was immersed in a pre-crosslinked PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) solution and the mixture of ZIF-8 and GO to form rough and dense surface morphology and to achieve hydrophobic modification. Its surface morphologies, chemical structures, contact angles, and oil/water separation performances were characterized. The ability of prepared fabric with a separation efficiency was better than 95 % on average for various types of oil/water mixtures demonstrated the hydrophobic/oleophilic property, meanwhile, demonstrated a noteworthy degree of durability. It holds significant practical implications for the development of environmentally friendly and highly efficient materials for oil/water separation.

An easy preparation of carbon nanoparticle-coated hydrophobic substrates for highly efficient oil/water separation

Hydrophobic cotton fabrics and sponges were fabricated using a simple hydrothermal method in a mixed solution of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) generated from candle soot and n-octadecyltrimethoxysilane, within which a cotton fabric was immersed. The negatively charged CNPs firmly bonded to the positively charged surface of the fabric and sponge through electrostatic interactions, resulting in the formation of a chemically durable hydrophobic filter. The separation efficiencies of the hydrophobic fabric and sponge were high for different types of oil, including hexane, iso-octane, chloroform, and canola oil, which had different viscosities and densities. The CNP-coated fabric showed outstanding recycling ability and chemical durability in corrosive chemical environments such as in highly acidic, alkaline, saline, and hot solutions. Moreover, the CNP-coated sponge showed strong absorption of a diverse range of oils, up to 64.1 times the weight of the sponge. The proposed synthesis method shows considerable technical potential for the application of CNP-based hydrophobic coating technology in various methods used for the separation of oily waste.

Synthesis of a water-based TEOS–PDMS sol–gel coating for hydrophobic cotton and polyester fabrics

TEOS–PDMS coating was synthesized without any organic solvent. While it exhibited good durability in high temperatures and abrasion tests, further refinement is necessary to mitigate the decline in hydrophobicity resulting from washing cycles.

Fluorine-free nanoparticle coatings on cotton fabric: comparing the UV-protective and hydrophobic capabilities of silica vs. silica-ZnO nanostructures.

Robust, hydrophobic woven cotton fabrics were obtained through the sol-gel dip coating of two different nanoparticle (NP) architectures; silica and silica-ZnO. Water repellency values as high as 148° and relatively low tilt angles for fibrous fabrics (12°) were observed, without the need for fluorinated components. In all cases, this enhanced functionality was achieved with the broad retention of water vapor permeability characteristics, i.e., less than 10% decrease. NP formation routes indicated direct bonding interactions in both the silica and silica-ZnO structures. The physico-chemical effects of NP-compatibilizer (i.e., polydimethoxysilane (PDMS) and n-octyltriethoxysilane (OTES) at different ratios) coatings on cotton fibres indicate that compatibilizer-NP interactions are predominantly physical. Whenever photoactive ZnO-containing additives were used, there was a minor decrease in hydrophobic character, but order of magnitude increases in UV-protective capability (i.e., UPF > 384); properties which were absent in non-ZnO-containing samples. Such water repellency and UPF capabilities were stable to both laundering and UV-exposure, resisting the commonly encountered UV-induced wettability transitions associated with photoactive ZnO. These results suggest that ZnO-containing silica NP coatings on cotton can confer both excellent and persistent surface hydrophobicity as well as UV-protective capability, with potential uses in wearables and functional textiles applications.

Fabrication of Stable Fluorine-Free Hydrophobic Cotton Fabrics with Prominent Antibacterial Property

Fabrication of Stable Fluorine-Free Hydrophobic Cotton Fabrics with Prominent Antibacterial Property

Highly hydrophobic cotton fabric by in-situ co-deposition of lignin/metal particles for oil/water separation

Highly hydrophobic fabrics by chelating lignin (alkali lignin, sodium lignin sulfonate and formic acid lignin) with metal ions (Fe3+, Fe2+ and Cu2+) were prepared with the surface wettability from superhydrophilic to highly hydrophobic. The lignin/metal chelated particles are in-situ deposited onto the fabric surface using dip-coating. Different lignin/metal ion system influenced the construction of hierarchical surface roughness and energy of fabrics greatly. Specially, the formation of homogeneous spherical particles on surface contributed to the minimal contact area of water droplets and fabric, and thus avoiding their adherence. The surface morphology results showed that the active groups of lignin is closely related with the surface roughness. It was found that the alkali (AL)/FeⅢ@cotton fabric achieved a maximum water CA value of 149.9° and a low surface energy of 1.90 mN/m. Its oil-water separation efficiency was higher than 99.9% and the resultant AL/FeⅢ@cotton fabric owned an excellent stability and suitability under harsh conditions. Collectively, this work is greatly significant for achieving the high-value utilization of lignin in wastewater treatments.

Preparation and properties of nano-MgO/HDTMS super hydrophobic multifunctional cotton

First, nano-sized magnesium oxide (MgO) particles were prepared with magnesium nitrate hexahydrate as raw material and plant extract Angelica dahurica as a protective agent and dispersant. Then, MgO nano particles (MgO NPs) were loaded on the cotton fabric surface by dipping method. Finally, using hexadecyl trimethoxysilane (HDTMS) as a modifier and ammonia as a catalyst, the cotton fabric was hydrophobically modified to prepare a super hydrophobic multifunctional cotton fabric. FTIR indicated that long carbon chain silane was successfully introduced onto cotton fabric. SEM and XRD analysis showed that the micro-nano rough structure was formed on the MgO/HDTMS/cotton fabric surface, and its crystal structure was unchanged. The water contact angle of cotton fabric modified by MgO/HDTMS reached 153°, which made it super hydrophobic. Moreover, MgO/HDTMS/cotton fabric has excellent antibacterial properties with the antibacterial rates against S. aureus and E. coli of 95.50% and 95.30%, respectively. After 10 times of cyclic washing, both the water contact angle and the antibacterial rate for S. aureus and E. coli of the fabric showed a slight decrease, which indicated that it has good washing durability.

Hydrophobic, fireproof, UV-blocking and antibacterial cotton fabric activated by bio-based PA/ODA/TiO2

Hydrophobic, fireproof, UV-blocking and antibacterial cotton fabric activated by bio-based PA/ODA/TiO2

Fabrication of Sustainable Hydrophobic Cotton Fabrics with Fluorescence-Emitting Performance Using Novel 1,8-Naphthalimide Functional Molecules

Cotton fabrics with high value fluorescent and hydrophobic properties are highly needed in the functional textile industry. A facile method of imparting fluorescent and hydrophobic characteristics to cotton fabrics was developed through the application of novel fluorescent molecules in this work. Three 1,8-naphthalimide fluorescent dyes (FH1, FH2, FH3) with carboxyl reactive groups and different lengths of aliphatic carbon chains were synthesized and characterized first. The N,N-carbamide diimidazole-catalyzed esterification reaction was employed to fix fluorescent dyes covalently on the cotton fabrics. The morphologies and microstructures of the functional fabrics were characterized. The apparent color, fluorescence emissions, and hydrophobic properties of the three molecule-modified fabrics were investigated and compared. The FH3-modified fabric exhibited strong yellow-green fluorescence and achieved a water contact angle of 127°, being outstanding in separating hydrocarbons from water. The hydrophobic performance originated from the hydrophobic layer formed on the surface of the fabric by the long carbon chain was verified by theoretical calculations. This way of constructing fluorescent and hydrophobic cotton fabrics is promising in green and functional textile manufacturing without using fluorine compounds and complex preparation processes.

The Antibacterial and Hydrophobic Cotton Fabrics Constructed by Multifunctional Polysiloxane and TiO2 Nanoparticles

The Antibacterial and Hydrophobic Cotton Fabrics Constructed by Multifunctional Polysiloxane and TiO2 Nanoparticles

Enhancement UV-resistance and hydrophobic of cotton fabrics through membrane formation by cationic colored nanospheres

In order to satisfy the demand for more textile taking properties, UV resistance and hydrophobic functionalization have become the focus of research in the field of textile modification. We herein report a simple method to prepare hydrophobic and UV-resistant multifunctional colored cotton fabrics by the self-curing technique of cationic polyethyleneimine dye polymer (CPNP(R218)) nanospheres. First, cationic CPNP(R218) nanospheres with homogeneous particle size and good dispersion stability were synthesized, which can be directly introduced to the eco-friendly cotton fiber dyeing. Polymer membranes on the surface of cotton were formulated through self-curing of the CPNP(R218) nanospheres during the dyeing process, and its surface morphology and elements were characterized. The cotton fabric dyed CPNP(R218) nanospheres have good color properties along with good hydrophobicity, showing a static water contact angle (WCA) of 138.4°. In addition, the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) value of the dyed cotton was 3.5 times higher than the original cotton fabric, due to the polymer film blocking the penetration of UV radiation. Therefore, the method of self-curing film formation by dye polymer nanospheres has great significance for the construction of multifunctional colored cotton fabrics.

Study on the Hydrophobicity and Antibacterial Activity of Silica Sol-Chitosan-HDTMS Treated Cotton Fabric Dipped in an Aquas Media

A hydrophobic surface with an antibacterial property has numerous uses, including self-cleaning, anti-sticking, anti-contamination, sports apparel, and wound healing/implant materials. The durability of the coating in an aquas media (pH 7.4) is a vital requirement for use in technical textile sectors, particularly in medical applications. In this study, we used silica sol, chitosan and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) to create exceptionally hydrophobic surfaces with antibacterial properties on cotton fabrics. First, cotton fabric was treated with silica sol, which was produced by the hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in an alkaline environment. After that, chitosan was applied on the silica sol-treated fabric to add an antibacterial characteristic. The silica sol-chitosan-treated fabric was then given a hydrolysed HDTMS treatment to give a highly hydrophobic property. The hydrophobicity was assessed by measuring the water contact angle, while the AATCC-147 test protocol was used to assess the antibacterial property. The developed fabric exhibited a strong hydrophobic property. The fabric samples were immersed in an aquas media for 30 days to assess the coating durability by observing changes in hydrophobicity and anti-bacterial activity in terms of the zone of inhibition (ZOI). After 30 days of immersion in the aquas media, it was observed that the contact angle decreased from 151.7° to 129.5°, and the ZOI increased from 1 mm to 5 mm, which indicates an increase in anti-bacterial activity in relation to time of immersion. The wicking characteristics of coated and uncoated fabrics were also measured to determine how coating affects the wicking behaviour of fabric. EDS was performed to observe the coating stability for coated-dipped fabric samples after 30 days. SEM analysis was performed to examine the surface morphology, while FTIR was used to determine the surface functional groups after coating and changes after dipping in the aquas media. The developed hydrophobic cotton fabrics with anti-bacterial properties may help in the fabrication of natural biomaterials and other technical textile products.

Effect of Oxygen Plasma Pre-Treatment on the Surface Properties of Si-Modified Cotton Membranes for Oil/Water Separations.

Hydrophobic and oleophilic Si-based cotton fabrics have recently gained a lot of attention in oil/water separation due to their high efficiency. In this study, we present the effect of O2 plasma pre-treatment on the final properties of two Si-based cotton membranes obtained from dip coating and plasma polymerization, using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as starting polymeric precursor. The structural characterizations indicate the presence of Si bond on both the modified cotton surfaces, with an increase of the carbon bond, assuring the success in surface modification. On the other hand, employing O2 plasma strongly changes the cotton morphology, inducing specific roughness and affecting the hydrophobicity durability and separation efficiency. In particular, the wettability has been retained after 20 laundry tests at 40 °C and 80 °C, and, for separation efficiency, even after 30 cycles, an improvement in the range of 10-15%, both at room temperature and at 90 °C can be observed. These results clearly demonstrate that O2 plasma pre-treatment, an eco-friendly, non-toxic, solvent-free, and one-step method for inducing specific functionalities on surfaces, is very effective in enhancing the oil/water separation properties for Si-based cotton membranes, especially in combination with plasma polymerization procedure for Si-based deposition.

ZnO nanorods-grafted durable antibacterial and hydrophobic cotton fabrics by a new grafting protocol

• Synthesis and functionalization of ZnO nanorods by hydrothermal technique. • Functionalized ZnO nanorods were grafted on cotton by new synthetic protocol. • A durable antimicrobial and hydrophobic cotton surface was obtained. This work reports a new method for the preparation of durable antibacterial and hydrophobic nanotextile by covalent grafting of zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) on cotton. The method involves synthesis and post-synthesis functionalization of the ZnO NRs with amino (–NH 2 ) groups followed by their grafting with hydroxyl groups on the cotton by reliable and effective condensation protocol. The ZnO NRs grafted cotton fabric exhibited excellent antibacterial efficacy against E-coli bacteria and showed a static water contact angle (WCA) of 121°. The covalent grafting of nanomaterials with antibacterial and hydrophobic properties on various textile substrates guarantees durability of the resulting nanotextile. Threfore, this report is a significant advancement towards the development of durable antibacterial as well as hydrophobic nanotextiles.