Hydroisomerization Of N-hexadecane Research Articles

Synthesize and Characterization of Pt-supported Co-ZIF for Catalytic Hydrocracking and Hydroisomerization of n-Hexadecane

Zeolitic Imidazole Frameworks (ZIFs) are prospective porous materials as catalyst support due to their relatively large surface area, and tunability in size, structure, and porosity. Recent studies have also shown that ZIF is the best candidate for various catalytic redox reactions such as the oxidation of benzyl aromatic hydrocarbons. In this study, the synthesized Pt catalyst supported on Co-ZIF was varied by the organic ligands: imidazole, benzimidazole, and 1-(3-aminopropyl) imidazole, then followed by impregnation of Pt precursor. The catalysts were characterized its physical and chemicals properties such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET), Temperature-Programmed Desorption (NH3-TPD and CO2-TPD). The prepared catalysts were evaluated for catalytic hydrocracking and hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane in a 100 ml-batch reactor. GC-MS analysis presented that the Pt/ZIF catalyst with imidazole ligands has better performance than others. Hence, the optimization of n-Hexadecane conversion was carried out by the Pt/ZIF-imidazole catalyst varying the amount of metal loading, time and temperature reaction. The results showed that the reaction temperature of 350 ºC using 20 bar H2 for 4 h and the addition of 15 wt% Pt successfully achieved 90.77% conversion and produced the highest yield of isomers and alkanes, 4.04% and 35.75%, respectively. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

CrOx modified particles size and electronic density of Ni catalyst on ZSM-23 for enhanced hydroisomerization performance of long-chain n-alkanes

CrOx-doped Ni catalysts with different Ni/Cr mass ratios on ZSM-23 (NimCrn/ZSM-23) were synthesized using a simple initial wet impregnation method. The influence of CrOx on Ni in the NimCrn/ZSM-23 catalysts was investigated by combining XPS, IR-CO, H2-TPR, TEM, and EDX mapping. The obtained results suggested that an intimate contact was formed between Ni and CrOx in the catalysts. The CrOx-modified NiOx species strongly interacted with ZSM-23, facilitating the formation of small sized Ni nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the electronic density around Ni on the catalyst was increased due to the presence of adjacent CrOx. The reaction rate and TOFs over Ni2.0Cr2.0/ZSM-23 (1.13 × 10-2 mol•g-1•h−1 and 6.8 × 10-2 s−1) are much higher than over Ni2.0/ZSM-23 (0.88 × 10-2 mol•g-1•h−1 and 6.2 × 10-2 s−1) in the n-hexadecane hydroisomerization, illustrating the promotion of CrOx in the Ni-based catalyst. The Ni2.0Cr2.0/ZSM-23 catalyst exhibited the highest iso-hexadecanes yield of 82.9 %, as compared to Pt/ZSM-23 catalyst (78.9 %).

Effect of diffusion and metal-acid synergy on catalytic behavior of the Pd/Hierarchical SAPO-31 nanoparticles for hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane

The hydroisomerization of long-chain n-alkanes proves to be an effective approach for the production of renewable second-generation biodiesel, and the development of bifunctional catalysts with synergistic effect between metal and acidic sites was the key to increase the yield of iso‐alkanes. Herein, novel hierarchical SAPO-31 nanoparticles (S31-Hi) were synthesized with varied amounts of the growth inhibitor 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid (OMIMCl IL) in a one-stage crystallization, and a proposed formation process was discussed. The 0.1Pd/S31-Hi bifunctional catalysts were prepared by loading only 0.1 wt% Pd based on the S31-Hi by wetness impregnation method and their catalytic performances were evaluated for the hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane. The catalytic performance of 0.1Pd/S31-H based on the S31-H synthesized by adding an appropriate amount of OMIMCl ILs was significantly improved, which can be attributed to the enhanced diffusion originating from its smaller crystal size, higher Pd dispersion, and larger CPd/CH+ value, which was beneficial for achieving synergistic catalysis. The iso‐hexadecane yield of 77.8% and proportion of multi-branched isomers of 51.5%, and catalytic stability within 100 h time on stream was obtained over the 0.1Pd/S31-H at n-hexadecane conversion of 89.3%. These catalysts have application potential for the production of second-generation clean biodiesel with excellent low temperature fluidity.

Changing Template/Al2O3 Ratio in Reaction Gel-An Effective Way to Regulate Nature of Intermediate Phases and Properties of SAPO-11 Molecular Sieves during Crystallization.

A study has been conducted to investigate the formation of intermediate phases during the crystallization of SAPO-11 molecular sieves from reaction mixtures with a varying template (di-n-propylamine) DPA/Al2O3 ratio. It was found that changing the DPA/Al2O3 ratio from 1.0 to 1.8 in the initial reaction gels leads to the formation of different intermediate phases during crystallization into a SAPO-11 molecular sieve. It is shown that at the ratio template/Al2O3 = 1.0, an intermediate amorphous silicoaluminophosphate is formed; at 1.4, a mixture consisting of amorphous and layered phases forms; and at 1.8, a layered phase is present. A simple and innovative approach for controlling the morphology, size, and characteristics of primary crystals and the secondary porous structure in hierarchical SAPO-11 is proposed. The method is based on regulating the DPA/Al2O3 ratio in the reaction gel. The synthesized SAPO-11 molecular sieves with a hierarchical porous structure exhibited high selectivity in the hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane.

Comparative study of Pt/zeolites for n-hexadecane hydroisomerization: EU-1, ZSM-48, ZSM-23, ZSM-22, and ZSM-12

The hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane was investigated using bifunctional platinum catalysts supported on EU-1, ZSM-48, ZSM-23, ZSM-22, and ZSM-12 zeolites. These one-dimensional microporous zeolites were synthesized at 160 ℃ with an Si/Al molar ratio of 60, and 0.5 wt% Pt was loaded onto them using the impregnation method. The findings indicate that Brønsted acidity predominantly influences the conversion to n-hexadecane over 10 membered ring zeolites. Additionally, ZSM-12, characterized by a 12-ring channel, exhibits preferential activity in this regard. The apparent activation energy for the reactions increased from 81 kJ/mol (Pt/ZSM-23) to 134 kJ/mol (Pt/ZSM-48) across all tested catalysts. Pt/ZSM-22 demonstrated high selectivity towards mono-branched isomers, whereas Pt/ZSM-12 favored the formation of multi-branched isomers. The isomer selectivity trend was Pt/ZSM-22 > Pt/ZSM-12 > Pt/EU-1 > Pt/ZSM-48 > Pt/ZSM-23. Moreover, TG analysis of spent catalysts unveiled that coke formation on these zeolites was chiefly influenced by zeolite channel structure and Brønsted acid content. The average coke selectivity followed this order: Pt/EU-1 > Pt/ZSM-12 > Pt/ZSM-48 > Pt/ZSM-22 > Pt/ZSM-23.

Tailored synthesis of plate-like SAPO-11 molecular sieve and its application in non-noble metal-supported catalyst for efficient hydroisomerization of long-chain n-alkanes

The tailored synthesis of plate-like SAPO-11 molecular sieve was achieved by introducing seed-surfactant directing agent into the synthesis system for the first time. The effects of morphological change of SAPO-11 molecular sieve on the physicochemical properties of SAPO-11 and the active phase properties of the catalyst were analyzed via a series of characterization techniques. The hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane was used as the model reaction to evaluate the catalytic performance of NiWS supported catalysts based on SAPO-11 molecular sieve with different morphologies. The plate-like SAPO-11 possessed better textural properties and acidity than pseudo-spherical SAPO-11. Meanwhile, the stacking number, dispersion and metal sulfidation degree of the active phase of sulfided NiW/SAPO-11-P were improved, and its high proportion of type II active phase optimized the metal–acid synergistic catalytic mechanism. Through tracking and analyzing the crystallization process of plate-like SAPO-11, the formation mechanism of plate-like SAPO-11 was investigated and revealed. The adsorption kinetics, diffusion behavior and catalytic kinetics of n-hexadecane on the catalysts were emphatically investigated. The optimized support structure and active phase properties improved the intrinsic catalytic activity and hydroisomerization reaction path priority of NiW/SAPO-11-P. It was found that the hydroisomerization reaction on NiW/SAPO-11-P was carried out under the reaction-limiting conditions, while the hydroisomerization reaction on NiW/SAPO-11-C was carried out under the reaction-controlling conditions. The effects of plate-like SAPO-11 on the activity stability of the catalyst was investigated, and the essential reasons for the differences in activity stability of the catalysts were revealed through comprehensively analyzing the coke formation difference and diffusion behavior difference. It is expected to provide reference for the tailored design of SAPO-11 molecular sieve with special morphology and the preparation of efficient hydroisomerization catalyst.

The Preparation of Nanosized Pd/ZSM-23 Bifunctional Catalysts for n-Hexadecane Hydroisomerization by Employing PHMB as the Growth Modifier

The development of highly effective metal–zeolite bifunctional catalysts for the hydroisomerization of n-alkanes is a paramount strategy to produce second-generation biofuels with high quality. In this study, polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is precisely added to the initial gel to synthesize nanosized ZSM-23 zeolites (Z23-xPH). Due to orientation adsorption and steric hindrance effects of PHMB, each sample of Z23-xPH demonstrates enhanced mesoporosity in comparison with the conventional Z23-C zeolite. Furthermore, the Brønsted acid density of the Z23-xPH samples is also significantly reduced due to a reduction in the distribution of framework Al at T2–T5 sites. The corresponding Pd/23-C and Pd/Z23-xPH bifunctional catalysts with 0.5 wt% Pd loading for n-hexadecane hydroisomerization are prepared by incorporating ZSM-23 zeolites as acid supports. According to the catalytic test results, the suitable addition of PHMB can effectively promote the iso-hexadecane yield. The Pd/Z23-2PH catalyst with an nPHMB/nSi molar ratio of 0.002 demonstrates the highest maximum iso-hexadecane yield of 74.1% at an n-hexadecane conversion of 88.3%. Therefore, the employment of PHMB has provided a simple route for the development of highly effective Pd/ZSM-23 catalysts for n-alkane hydroisomerization.

The synthesis of hierarchical ZSM-22 zeolite with only the PHMB template for hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane

The ZSM-22 zeolite has become an effective support for the hydroisomerization of n-alkanes due to its one-dimensional pore structure, good hydrothermal stability and simple synthesis process. However, the diffusion resistance of hydrocarbons in the microporous channel still limits the further industrial application of the traditional microporous ZSM-22 zeolites. To overcome the diffusion limitation, the different amounts of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) was added into the initial gel as the only template instead of 1,6-diaminohexane (DAH) to synthesize a series of hierarchcal ZSM-22 zeolites (Z22-xP), and the corresponding Pd/ZSM-22 catalysts with 0.5 wt% Pd loading were then prepared for n-hexadecane hydroisomerization in this work. The characteristic results show that, the Z22-xP samples exhibit improved mesoporous volume and external surface than those of the traditional microporous Z22-D sample. Additionally, the Z22-xP samples also demonstrates significantly lower Brønsted acid density in comparison with the microporous Z22-D sample because of the proportion decrease of T1-T3 skeleton Al atoms. The catalytic tests results indicate that the employment of PHMB instead of DAH can effectively promote the catalytic performance. The Pd/Z22-0.002P catalyst reveals the highest iso-hexadecane yield of 76.6 % among all catalysts. Therefore, this work provides a more convenient and effective way for the development of potential bifunctional catalysts with promoted catalytic performance.

Hydroisomerization Catalysts for High-Quality Diesel Fuel Production

Upgrading the properties of diesel fractions is considered one of the crucial processes in the petrochemical industry; and for this purpose in laboratory-scale researching it is studied on the base of the hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane as a main model reaction. Recently, zeolite-based bifunctional catalysts have proven their efficiency due to their remarkable acidity, shape-selectivity and relative resistance to deactivation. In this review, different topological-type zeolite-based catalysts, the mechanism of their catalytic effect in n-C16 isomerization, and the principles of shape-selectivity are reviewed. A comparison of their structural-operational characteristics is made. The impact of some feedstock impurities on the catalyst’s performance and deactivation due to carbonaceous deposits as well as various modern eco-friendly cost-effective synthesis techniques are also discussed.

Novel construction and synthesis mechanism of b-axis oriented flower-like SAPO-11 molecular sieve in OSC-containing system for efficient hydroisomerization of long-chain n-alkanes

In view of the fact that different kinds of flower-like zeolites and materials have been synthesized for catalysis, but there are few reports on the construction of flower-like SAPO-11 molecular sieve. In this work, we successfully synthesized b-axis oriented flower-like SAPO-11 molecular sieve with multi-layered structure in the organosilicon compounds (OSC)-containing system for the first time. The morphology and b-axis thickness of SAPO-11 flakes were controlled and the tailored synthesis of b-axis oriented flower-like SAPO-11 with multi-layered structure was realized by adding [3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl] octadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) into the synthesis system. The NiWS supported catalyst for hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane was prepared by using the synthesized flower-like SAPO-11 as support. Through a series of characterization techniques, the effects of morphological changes of SAPO-11 molecular sieve on the textural properties, acidity, element composition and silicon distribution of SAPO-11 molecular sieve were investigated, and the influence mechanism of morphological changes of the support on the active phase properties of the catalyst was studied. The formation mechanism of multi-layered flower-like SAPO-11 was proposed, the influence mechanism of the morphological change of the support on the catalytic performance of the catalyst and the catalytic reaction kinetics was investigated, and the structure–activity relationship between flower-like SAPO-11 and NiWS supported catalyst was systematically expounded. It provides a reference for enriching the morphological types of SAPO-11 molecular sieve and preparing catalyst for high-efficiency hydroisomerization of long-chain n-alkanes.

Deep Hydroisomerization of n-Hexadecane over NiWS/SAPO-11 Catalyst: Size Effect of the Support and Revelation of the Reaction Network

Deep Hydroisomerization of n-Hexadecane over NiWS/SAPO-11 Catalyst: Size Effect of the Support and Revelation of the Reaction Network

Рt/SAPO-11 Catalytic Systems Differing in Acidity and Secondary Pore Structure in n-Hexadecane Hydroisomerization

Рt/SAPO-11 Catalytic Systems Differing in Acidity and Secondary Pore Structure in n-Hexadecane Hydroisomerization

Novel synthesis strategy of SAPO-11 molecular sieve with superior performance for hydroisomerization of long-chain n-alkanes: Supergravity-cyclone assisted hydrothermal crystallization method

In this work, we successfully synthesized high performance SAPO-11 molecular sieve via the novel supergravity-cyclone assisted hydrothermal crystallization method for the first time. The initial gel was subjected to cyclone treatment and supergravity shearing treatment to obtain the secondary molecular sieve precursor mixture with high viscosity and micro-bubble distribution. The effects of supergravity shear-cyclone operation on the physicochemical properties of SAPO-11 molecular sieve were investigated. The supergravity-cyclone treatment improved the textural properties and acidity of SAPO-11 molecular sieve. The effects of support properties on the properties of active phase of NiWS-support catalyst and its catalytic performance for hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane were further investigated. NiW/SAPO-11-B showed more active phase with hydroisomerization kinetics advantage and nearly doubled yield of i-hexadecane compared with conventional SAPO-11-based catalyst. The process and mechanism of synthesizing high performance SAPO-11 molecular sieve via the supergravity-cyclone technology were explored. It was found that the supergravity-cyclone assisted crystallization method shortened the crystallization time of SAPO-11 and improved the crystallization efficiency. In addition, the hydroisomerization kinetics of n-hexadecane on SAPO-11-based NiWS supported catalyst was studied. The structure–activity relationship between the structure of active phase and the formation of CUS was investigated, and the influence of support properties on the properties of NiWS active phase and their synergistic mechanism in the hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane were revealed. This is expected to provide a new strategy for the synthesis of high performance SAPO-11 molecular sieve and the preparation of non-noble metal supported catalyst with superior hydroisomerization performance for long-chain alkanes.

Promotion effect of cerium in ZSM-22 zeolite on the hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane

The study fabricated ZSM-22 zeolites with Ce/Al molar ratios ranging from 0 to 1, which were subsequently loaded with Pt to perform n-hexadecane hydroisomerization. Various methods, such as XRD, 29Si NMR, FTIR, UV–Vis, XPS, and H2-TPR, confirmed the direct evidence of Ce incorporation into the zeolite framework, and the framework Ce content was of a volcanic nature. Furthermore, the study observed successful manipulation of textural and acidity properties of the samples through variation of the Ce content, as shown by N2-physisorption, NH3-TPD, and Py-IR. Increasing Ce content led to retardation of micropore diffusion due to lower micropore volume and surface area, as well as an increase in the distribution of weak Brønsted acid sites, which suppressed outside-of-pore cracking reactions. These changes rendered improved i-hexadecane selectivity and catalyst stability for Pt/ZSM-22. At a Ce/Al molar ratio of 0.5 with a WHSV of 12 h−1, the high selectivity to monobranched isomers resulted in a yield exceeding 75 wt%.

Bifunctional catalysts based on hierarchical SAPO-41 nanosheet for Highly-efficient hydroisomerization of n-Hexadecane

Conversion of long-carbon chain n-alkanes into iso-alkanes is a key technology to improve the low-temperature fluidity of petroleum-based diesel and lubricating oil, as well as produce second-generation biodiesel from vegetable oils. Developing a highly efficient bifunctional catalysts is the key to realize this process. In this work, a series of hierarchical silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves SAPO-41 nanosheet (S41-xBCl) were synthesized by using various amounts of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid (BMIMCl) as a crystal growth inhibitor. The bifunctional catalysts Pd/S41-xBCl with merely 0.1 wt% Pd loading on the S41-xBCl samples were prepared by wetness impregnation, and the catalytic performance for hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane was tested. The catalytic performance of Pd/S41-xBCl markedly improved because of the enhanced diffusion properties of reactants and iso-alkene intermediates, as well as the realizing synergistic catalysis of metal and acid sites. The yield of iso-hexadecane over the catalyst Pd/S41-2BCl were as high as 83.4% at n-hexadecane conversion of 94.6%. This efficient catalyst with lower noble metal loadings has wide application potential in the production of petroleum-based diesel and green biodiesel with excellent low-temperature fluidity.

Reaction pathways control of long-chain alkanes hydroisomerization and hydrocracking via tailoring the metal-acid sites intimacy

Designing a bifunctional catalyst to achieve efficient hydroisomerization of long-chain alkanes is very essential for producing high-performance fuel and lubricant base oils. Herein, a bifunctional catalyst composed of an intimate mixture of ZSM-48 zeolite and alumina binder and with platinum (Pt) metal controllably deposited on zeolite or alumina was fabricated by a strong electrostatic adsorption method. The dependence of reaction pathways of hydroisomerization and hydrocracking of n-hexadecane on the metal-acid sites intimacy was investigated. High Brønsted acid density and suitable metal-acid sites intimacy favored to promote the catalytic activity. The selectivity, hydroisomerization mechanism and hydrocracking mechanism were significantly altered by tailoring the metal-acid sites intimacy. Too large or too small metal-acid sites intimacy was conducive to inhibit the occurrence of pore-mouth mode. A linear decease of the hydroisomerization selectivity with the increase of acid steps (nas) was observed. The catalyst with nanoscale intimacy of metal-acid sites (Pt/A-48) showed the highest catalytic activity and isomer selectivity (87%) and the least acid steps (nas = 1.4). This work provides a promising approach to fabricating highly efficient and shape-selective bifunctional catalysts for selective hydroisomerization of long-chain alkanes. A reaction network was proposed over the catalysts with different metal-acid intimacy.

The effects of growth modifiers on the catalytic performance of hierarchical Pd/ZSM-23 bifunctional catalysts for n-hexadecane hydroisomerization

Hydroisomerization of n-alkanes catalyzed by metal-zeolite bifunctional catalysts is an important process to produce clean biofuels. The employment of appropriate growth modifiers during the synthesis of hierarchical zeolites to increase the iso-alkane yield has captured much attention. In this work, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and polydiallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (PDDA), representatives of cationic surfactants and cationic polyelectrolytes, are added to the initial gel to one-pot synthesize hierarchical ZSM-23 zeolites (Z23-xPC and Z23-yPP) via the bottom-up strategy. The corresponding Pd/ZSM-23 catalysts are prepared by loading 0.5 wt% Pd on microporous and hierarchical ZSM-23 and tested for the hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane. Due to the cationic adsorption of CTAB or steric hindrance effect of PDDA, Z23-xPC and Z23-yPP samples all demonstrate enhanced mesoporosity compared with the conventional microporous Z23-P sample. The diffusivity experiments indicates that the D/L2 values decrease in the order of Pd/Z23-5PP > Pd/Z23-3PC > Pd/Z23-P, suggesting that the hydrocarbons diffusion in the channel of hierarchical ZSM-23 samples is evidently improved. In addition, the Brønsted acid densities of the Z23-xPC and Z23-yPP samples are also evidently reduced compared to that of the microporous Z23-P sample because of the proportion decreases of framework Al atoms at T2-T5 sites. Compared with the microporous Pd/Z23-P catalyst, the appropriate addition amount of growth modifiers can evidently improve the yield of iso-hexadecane products and limit the cracking process. Especially for the Pd/Z23-5PP catalyst, the cracking process is effectively limited and the maximum iso-hexadecane yield of 75.4% is obtained at an n-hexadecane conversion of 88.8% at 290 °C, which is the highest among all catalysts. Therefore, this work has provided an effective method for the simple preparation of bifunctional catalysts with improved diffusion performance and more favorable metal–acid balance.

Quantitatively regulating ZSM-48 by phenolic molecules for n-hexadecane hydroisomerization

ZSM-48 is widely used to support Pt nanoparticles (Pt/ZSM-48) for hydroisomerization of long-chain n-paraffin due to its 10-member-ring one-dimensional pore structure. But the yield of target isomers on Pt/ZSM-48 is difficult to be improved due to easily bundled crystal bars and relatively excessive acid sites of ZSM-48, which restricts reactant diffusion and causes cracking. In this study, different types of zeolite growth modifiers (ZGMs) are screened for regulating the physicochemical property of ZSM-48, in which phenolic hydroxyl was found to be the most effective functional group. Quantitative correlations between ZGM structure and the properties of corresponding ZSM-48 crystal are achieved based on appropriate descriptors and multi-parameter regression. Then, the mechanism of ZSM-48 regulation by phenolic ZGMs is revealed. The models predict that polydopamine (PDA) is a superior ZGM for hydroisomerization, which is verified by textural characterization and reaction evaluation. Compared with the conventional catalyst, the isomer selectivity was improved effectively from 92% to over 97% when the feed conversion was lower than 80%, and the maximum yield of isomers was 89.0% as catalyzed by the PDA-regulated catalyst. The as-built models can also be used to design preferred phenolic ZGMs for preparing tailored ZSM-48 in other applications.

Tuning the Structure and Acidity of Pt/Hierarchical SSZ-32 Catalysts to Boost the Selective Hydroisomerization of n-Hexadecane

Developing highly selective and efficient bifunctional catalysts is an important issue for the hydroisomerization of long-chain n-alkanes. It is vital to tailor the balance of isomerization and cracking reactions in hydroisomerization. Herein, a bifunctional Pt/hierarchical SSZ-32 catalyst was fabricated with a sequential desilication–dealumination treatment to boost the selective hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane (C16). The pore structure and acid sites of SSZ-32 zeolite were tailored. More mesopore and Brønsted acid sites were generated, and the ratio of weak to strong Brønsted acidity (Bw/Bs) was increased by the sequential desilication–dealumination. The generated hierarchical structure had little effect on the selectivity of the reaction pathways of hydroisomerization versus cracking. The ratio of isomers/cracking products increased almost linearly with the increase in the Bw/Bs ratios. Meanwhile, the synergetic effect of the hierarchical structure and acidity regulation promoted the selectivity of monobranched i-C16 products. Therefore, the resulting Pt/SSZ-0.6AS exhibited the highest activity with a total isomer yield of 71.5% at 255 °C and the enhanced formation mechanism of monobranched isomers occurred via the pore mouth.

Synthesis of SAPO-31 Nanorod in Ethylene Glycol–Water Medium and Its Catalytic Performance in the n-Hexadecane Hydroisomerization

Synthesis of SAPO-31 Nanorod in Ethylene Glycol–Water Medium and Its Catalytic Performance in the n-Hexadecane Hydroisomerization