Hydrogeomorphological Studies Research Articles

Characteristics of the River Islands of the Greater Zab River Between "Rizan Village and Its Mouth" Hydro Geomorphological Study

Characteristics of the River Islands of the Greater Zab River Between "Rizan Village and Its Mouth" Hydro Geomorphological Study

Hydro-geomorphological research in earth sciences: A systematic review of literature

Water is the most important geomorphic agent for geomorphological action. Hydro-geomorphology is a sub-field of geomorphology that provides a scientific description of the evolution of landforms. The former deals with the study of the spatial interaction of water with the earth's surface. The introduction and implementation of new techniques make descriptions more useful and informative. Remote sensing and GIS provide highly dynamic space through which assessment and analysis of these geomorphic forms become feasible. The application of hydro-geomorphological study is most useful in management and planning. The present paper focuses on a systematic review of literature on geomorphology, hydro-geomorphology, and mapping, and explains how sub-discipline such as fluvial geomorphology is different from hydro- geomorphological.

النمذجة الهيدروجيومورفولوجية لخور عمر أم درمان - السودان باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية

e study addressed the hydro geomorphological modeling of koher Omar Oum Dorman Area by analyzing many digital data, including satellite Image, and Digital Elevation Model, soil and meteorological data, by using ARC.GIS -WMS - Hydrologic Engineering Center – Hydrologic Modelling System, (HEC-HMS). in order to analyzing geomorphological characteristics and hydro geomorphological, estimation of the amount of runoff and determination of affected areas through Hydro morphometric measurements, determination of soil varieties and land cover to extract Curve number (CN) the study found that the annual surface runoff volume is 21830.5M3 – 33938.1M3 areas affected by runoff are located to the east and south-east of the basin of koher Omar, and the study Reflced Meany recommendetoin, the most important of which is the utilization of water in development processes and the application of Geographical information system in hydro geomorphological studies. Key words: : GIS – RS - Rain off - WMS.

STREAMFLOW AND SUSPENDED SEDIMENT LOAD TRENDS IN TROTUȘ DRAINAGE BASIN: GEOMORPHIC IMPLICATIONS

The research focusing on the trends of the streamflow and suspended sediment, as well as on the controls involved in these changes, are currently topics of significant interest in fluvial geomorphology. In this context, the aim of this study is to analyze the trends of the streamflow discharge and the sediment load based on a geomorphological approach of the relations between the two variables. These trends were assessed based on three testing methods frequently employed in hydro-geomorphological studies (Mann–Kendall trend test, Șen's slope estimator and the innovative trend method) applied on data from 10 gauging stations located on major tributaries of Trotuș River. Results reveal an overall downward trend of the mean annual streamflow and an increasing trend of the mean annual suspended sediment load. Whereas the decreasing streamflow trend was linked to the diminishing precipitation amounts, the upward trend of suspended sediment load was related to the changes occurring within river channels as a result of flood events.

A spatial and integrated flood risk diagnosis

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify vulnerable areas for flood hazard and to analyze stakes exposed in touristic valley of Morrocan mountains. The three goals are: methodological (low-cost diagnosis without starting data), operational (to show the risk and identify avenues of prevention in Ourika) and incentive (to reproduce this on other sectors in Morocco). Design/methodology/approach The vulnerability of three areas of the Ourika valley (the most frequented) was assessed by a hydro-geomorphological study, human frequentation surveys and risk indices at the building scale. Findings Surveys carried out in the field allowed the identification of areas with high risk, the evaluation of the buildings’ vulnerability and the frequentation of the valley. Evacuation plans, allowing easy access to potential refuges in case of flood, were finally proposed. Originality/value The reproducible, inexpensive and relevant nature of the approach (integrated and spatialized) helps in decision making and facilitating dialogue for prevention.

Channel degenerations and hydraulic shrinkages implicated by anthropogenic interference as a temporal outcome: a study of Magurmari River, Darjeeling, India

The study of fluvial processes deals with the fluid of natural origin through a channel that carries particulate sediments including solid load either in solution, or in suspension and even rolling over the channel bed. Channel bed forms, cross-sectional shapes, channel geometry, etc. have direct interactions among flow, sediment, and the channel boundaries and any untoward reaction through anthropo-geogenic activity to disrupt the riverine ecology can lead to degenerations of channel. The present work has been focused to analyze the impact of anthropo-geographic implications on river habitat change through hydro-geomorphological study. The river Magurmari flowing through the Sub-Himalayan foothills of Darjeeling is of such kind which is degenerating and decaying over time and is losing its vivacity. The main objective of the work is to find out the interrelations of the hydraulic parameters as indicators of level of degeneration in view of their natural setup especially rainfall regime and head water supply. Field works with leveling surveys to draft the cross sections and measurement of hydraulic characteristics have carried out by the authors. Empirical formulae have been calculated to find the results and to analyze their interrelations. Moreover, map works have been done under GIS environment as the allied methodological attempts. Finally, findings on river habitat Survey through rating magnitudes in Likert scale and hydraulic impact study have been done.

Groundwater Occurrence from Hydrogeomorphological Study of Hard Rock Terrain of Part of Southwestern Nigeria

Abstract Studies of structural and hydrogeomorphological units (HGU) that are indicators of groundwater occurrence were carried out across an area extent of more than 700 km2 within the hard rock terrain of southwestern Nigeria. These studies integrated geological remote sensing techniques (RST) and geographical information system (GIS) methods to generate thematic maps that included elevation, drainage, lineaments and vegetation index for characterising the attributes of groundwater occurrence across the area. The results revealed that the lineament system is mainly rectilinear with major trends of NNW-SSE and NE-SW on the gneiss, NW-SE and NE-SW on porphyritic granite and NNE-SSW, NW-SE and E-W on migmatite. The discharge zones in the area are the lowland terrains underlain by gneiss and amphibolite. Similarly, variably directional discontinuities that are related to rock contacts are equally laden with groundwater. Conversely, the recharge areas are the high-lying terrains characterised by higher fracture density and underlain by porphyritic granite and migmatite. Additionally, there are evidences of groundwater seepage along the major river channels. Therefore, besides the rock structures, landform is another crucial factor that guides groundwater distribution in the study area.

Identification of Groundwater Potential Zones of Visakhapatnam Urban Area using Integrating Multi Criteria Evaluation with Geographical Information System

Groundwater forms very little quantity when compared to the total water available on the earth. Therefore it is very vital for all living beings especially for human beings. Visakhapatnam, one of the fastest growing industrial city, is situated on the East Coast of India between longitudes E83o11’ 30” and 83o 22’ 16” and latitudes. N170 39’ 16” and 170 45’ 58”. The present study is aimed to evaluate the groundwater occurrence using Remote sensing and GIS. Remote sensing data interpretation of visual and digital images gave the immediate information about surface features. From this information the groundwater potential zones are identified. The present study used IRS-IC (March 99) and ID (November 99) LISS-III digital data for comparative land use and land cover categorization and hydrogeomorphological features identification and lineament study. The layers created from Remote sensing data and available ancillary data for index overlay operations for identification of groundwater potential zones in the study area using GIS.

Hydrogeomorphological Study in Bamanghaty Subdivision of Mayurbhanj District, Odisha an Integrated Remote Sensing and GIS Approach

Remote Sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) are now very essential tools for efficient planning and management and handling a range of data simultaneously in a time- and cost-efficient manner for targeting of groundwater, which assists in measuring, monitoring, and conserving groundwater resources. Survey of India toposheets, LISS-III and CARTOSAT DEM satellite imageries are used to prepare various thematic layers viz., geology, slope, lineament, drainage, and geomorphology, and were transformed to raster data using feature to raster conversion tool in ArcGIS spatial analysis, then we reclassify each raster map using reclassify tools. By using weight overlay analysis, each weighted thematic layer is statistically computed to get the ground water potential zones. Then, five different groundwater potential zones were identified, namely “very good”, “good”, “moderate”, “poor”, and “very poor”. The villages under poor groundwater potential zone and the villages under very good groundwater potential zone are finding out. The above study has clearly demonstrated the capabilities of Remote Sensing and GIS in demarcation of the different groundwater potential zones in hard rock terrain.

MINIMUM LENGTH OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT YIELD TIME-SERIES FOR A PROPER ESTIMATION OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF EROSION RATES IN RIVER BASINS

River suspended sediment yield (R) is one of the proxies of erosion activity and mechanical denudation in river basins, that can vary greatly both in space and time. A number of R-databases have been collected and permitted to reveal regional and global patterns of erosion. One of the main shortcomings of these databases is the high presence of relatively short time-series, which influences greatly the reliability of resultant assessments of spatial erosion patterns. It is necessary to determine the minimum time-series length reliable for assessment of suspended sediment yield spatio-temporal variability, erosion rate mapping and theoretical issues. The author’s original method was used to analyze long term time-series from 84 hydrological stations over the former USSR and determine the t values of 9.1±1.2 and 7.6±1.2 years for assessment of spatial and temporal variability of R, respectively. In case of spatial variability of R in small river basins, reliable time series are 10+ years in lowland landscapes and 6–7 years in highlands, for medium and large basins the t-values are 5 and 10 years respectively. Given that the majority of hydrological stations are located in lowlands and low mountains, the author recommends to base regional and global hydrogeomorphological studies on suspended sediment yield time series not shorter than 10–11 years.

Hydrogeomorphological Study for Shallow Groundwater Prospecting Within Solani Watershed in Haridwar District, Uttranchal. India

Hydrogeomorphological study has been carried out to demarcate shallow groundwater prospecting zones of the Solani watershed in Haridwar district, Uttranchal, India. An integrated geographic database, consisting of spatial and non spatial data, has been generated for the study area using remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) technique coupled with ground truth investigations. The spatial database layers like hydrogeomorphology, land use/land cover, soil, slope and geology generated from topographic maps and satellite data while the non spatial data is derived primarily from ground checking during field survey and from the available literature. These data have been stored in the GIS databank for digitization, computational purpose and output generation to locate the availability of shallow groundwater in solani watershed for prospecting purposes. The result had been show that the southern part of solani watershed associated with hydrogeomorphological unit of lower piedmont (covering 367 km2) has very good to excellent categories of prospect zones while the shallow groundwater prospect zones is very poor in the northern part (hilly area) covering about 163km2of the study due to steeply slopes and very high drainage densities which are grouped together as runoff zone in the study area. In the middle part associated with upper piedmont zone, the category of prospecting shallow groundwater is good and covering about 96 km2 of the area with gentle slope and low drainage density. The present study shows that a spatial technique has been proved to be very efficient in delineation of groundwater prospect zone of the considered area.

An integrated approach to the study of catastrophic debris-flows: geological hazard and human influence

Abstract. On 1 October 2009, a prolonged and intense rainstorm triggered hundreds of landslides (predominantly debris flows) in an area of about 50 km2 in the north-eastern sector of Sicily (Italy). Debris flows swept the highest parts of many villages and passed over the SS114 state highway and the Messina-Catania railway, causing more than 30 fatalities. This region has a high relief, due to recent uplift. The peculiar geological and geomorphological framework represents one of the most common predisposing causes of rainstorm-triggered debris flows. This paper deals with the geological and hydro-geomorphological studies performed as a part of the post-disaster activities operated in collaboration with Civil Protection Authority, with the aim at examining landslides effects and mechanisms. The data were elaborated into a GIS platform, to evaluate the influence of urbanisation on the drainage pattern, and were correlated with the lithological and structural framework of the area. Our study points at the evaluation of the volume involved, the detection of triggering mechanisms and the precise reconstruction of the influence of urbanisation as fundamental tools for understanding the dynamics of catastrophic landslides. This kind of analysis, including all the desirable approaches for the correct management of debris flow should be the starting point for robust urban planning.

A Combined Penetrometer–Moisture Probe for Surveying Soil Properties of Natural Hillslopes

Information on spatial distributions of soil water content and mechanical strength is fundamental to hydrogeomorphological studies in mountainous watersheds. For simultaneous measurements of soil water content, θ, and penetration resistance, Nc, of soil mantles on natural hillslopes, we developed a new type of combined penetrometer–moisture probe (CPMP). The new CPMP has a robust configuration to reduce the frequency of moisture probe breakdowns during penetration into gravelly and rocky natural soils, and it has a penetration depth of up to 552 cm, which is about four to 14 times greater than the maximum measurable depth of any previous CPMP developed for agricultural soils. Laboratory calibrations and field validations showed that the CPMP succeeded in producing vertical distributions for θ and Nc similar to those measured with conventional methods. The CPMP provided less time‐consuming and less destructive measurements of θ profiles than conventional methods that require excavation of deep trenches. Because θ profiles consider the stratified characteristics of soil mantles as well as the depths of groundwater tables, the CPMP was more effective than the conventional cone penetrometer for surveying the hydrogeomorphological structure of soil mantles. The CPMP was successful in determining the spatial distributions of θ and Nc in a headwater basin underlain by weathered granitic bedrock. From a direct comparison between two θ and Nc values measured on two different days at nearby points and the same depth, it was shown that Nc tended to decrease when θ increased by more than 0.15.

Mining and environmental change in Sierra Leone, West Africa: a remote sensing and hydrogeomorphological study

This paper evaluates the environmental changes in southwestern Sierra Leone, West Africa from rutile (titanium dioxide) between 1967 and 1995. Mining in peripheral parts of the world economy is a consequence of larger global economic interests. Historically, long-distance trade and export production of minerals and other natural resources primarily for the benefit of core countries are responsible for transforming the natural environment and landscapes of peripheral sectors of the world economy. Tracking environmental change in developing countries such as Sierra Leone is challenging because of financial and infrastructural constraints on the use of ground methods of evaluation and monitoring. Remote sensing data are invaluable in assessing the human dimensions of Land Use and Land Cover Change (LULCC) with implications for political ecology. Using available multi-date infrared Landsat images supplemented with field hydrological and biophysical data, we monitored the rapid temporal and spatial dynamic characteristic of mining areas in the study area with a focus on physical changes to the landscape. Reservoir construction for mining has caused flooding of alluvial lowlands, deforestation, and the creation of tailings and stockpiles over mined-out portions of the lease. Although the study was conducted at a local scale, it represents the broad, regional, past-to-present manner by which global economic interests exploit natural resources and impact the environment in distant places.

Hydrogeomorphological studies in kallambella watershed, Tumkur District, Karnataka State, India Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Hydrogeomorphological studies in kallambella watershed, Tumkur District, Karnataka State, India Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Sur l'hydrogéomorphologie d'un espace à forte anthropisation urbaine : le site de Nı̂mes (Languedoc, France) du Pléistocène supérieur à l'Antiquité ; impacts postérieurs

Abstract Hydrogeomorphological, archaeological and geohistorical integrated studies of the very urbanised Nimes area attest of piedmont slopes and torrential alluvial fan existence from the beginning of digging of the Vistre valley since the end of the ancient Pleistocene. The urbanisation is situated on top of a major superior Pleistocene–Holocene alluvial fan. This fan existed during the old Antiquity, and has been widely truncated by the anthropisation during the High Empire. This fan is connected to other little ones, and becomes a colluvial–alluvial fan landform connected to the present flood plain of the Vistre River. It is still functioning now, as during the recent flash flood disaster of 3 October 1988.

Prediction of Deep-Seated Landslide Sites on the Basis of Hydrogeomorphological Study in Izumi City, Southern Kyushu

Prediction of Deep-Seated Landslide Sites on the Basis of Hydrogeomorphological Study in Izumi City, Southern Kyushu

Hydrology, geomorphology and vegetation of Coastal Plain rivers in the south-eastern USA

Rivers of the coastal plain of the south-eastern USA are characteristically low-gradient meandering systems that develop broad floodplains subjected to frequent and prolonged flooding. These floodplains support a relatively unique forested wetland (bottomland hardwoods), which have received considerable ecological study, but distinctly less hydrogeomorphological study. The hydroperiod, or annual period of inundation, largely controls the development of characteristic fluvial landforms, sediment deposition and vegetation distribution patterns. Order-of-magnitude differences in wetted perimeter, width/depth, suspended sediment load and hydraulic roughness may exist between ‘dry’ in-channel seasons and the hydroperiod. Substantial sediment (and adsorbed contaminants) retention and storage through lateral and vertical accretion is common (where not heavily impacted by flow regulation) along these Coastal Plain rivers. The present chapter summarizes our current understanding of the hydrology, fluvial geomorphology, general and local sedimentation patterns, and related plant ecological patterns of these Coastal Pplain bottomlands.

A Hydrogeomorphological Study on A Deep-Seated Landslide in the Harihara River Basin, Izumi City, Kagoshima in 1997

A Hydrogeomorphological Study on A Deep-Seated Landslide in the Harihara River Basin, Izumi City, Kagoshima in 1997

Hydrogeomorphological studies by remote sensing application in niva river basin, chittoor district, andhra pradesh

To evaluate the hydrogeomorphological conditions of Niva river basin Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, geological, hydrogeological and geomorphological studies were carried out. through visual interpretation of Landsat 5, FCC with adequate ground truth. The study shows that the Niva river basin is occupied by granites and gneisses of Archaean age with intrusive bodies of dolerites. The recent alluvium deposits are present along the stream courses. The study area is traversed by various directional fractures/lineaments and most of them are NESW, ENE-WSW and EW directions. Groundwater potential of geomorphological units viz. Denudational hill, Residual hill, Pediment, Pediplain and Valley fill is discussed.