Hydrogenation Of Brown Coal Research Articles

Mathematical simulation of the hydrogenation of borodino coal

The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the hydrogenation of Borodino brown coal were calculated. With the use of equilibrium-kinetic analysis, the second-order reaction rate constants of forward and reverse reactions, the equilibrium constant, the activation energy, and the thermal effects of brown coal hydrogenation reactions were determined in a temperature range of 648–698 K at a hydrogen pressure of 10 MPa. In the course of the study, it was found that the experimental data are indicative of the adequacy of the equilibrium-kinetic analysis model for second-order reactions.

Classification of coal hydrogenation products, as compared to the properties of natural oil

Hydrogenated brown coal from the Borodino deposit in the Kansk-Achinsk Basin was considered as synthetic petroleum, whose characteristics and the properties of individual fractions were compared with the physicochemical properties of native natural oils. It was found that brown coal hydrogenation products prepared in accordance with a technology developed at the Institute for Fossil Fuels (IGI) were comparable with medium petroleum in terms of a set of characteristics. After mild hydrofining, they can be classified as sweet light synthetic petroleum in accordance with the API index of the American Petroleum Institute and a sulfur content of <0.3%.

Catalytic methods in coal processing to syn-gas, carboneous and liquid fuels contributing to sustainable development

Abstract The processes of brown coal autothermal carbonization and steam gasification in a fluidized bed of catalytically active materials, catalytic hydrogenation of brown coal and its mixtures with waste polyolefines and sapropelitic coal liquefaction have been studied. The application of fluidized bed of iron-containing materials, which are able to catalyse the volatives oxidation provides the autothermal conditions of coal carbonization without the formation of harmful polycyclic compounds and pyrolysis tars. Based on catalytic method of coal carbonization, the integrated process of fuel-gas and syn-gas synchronous production from brown coal was suggested. The circulation of hot char-product particles between carbonization and gasification reactors supplies by heat the steam-gasification process. Therefore it goes at the low oxygen consumption and produces more clean syn-gas as compared to conventional gasification processes. The various approaches were used in order to increase the yield and quality of liquids produced from brown coal. They including the application of inexpensive iron-ore catalysts, hydrogen-donor organic solvents, activation treatment of coal by ozone, co-processing of coal with polymer wastes. It was found that sapropelitic coal can be converted to liquids with the yield by 7 times higher as compared to brown coal.

Composition of hydrogenation products of Borodino brown coal

The composition of liquid products of hydrogenation of brown coal from the Borodino deposit was determined by means of 13C NMR spectroscopy and chemical thermodynamics methods. It was shown that the group composition of the liquid hydrogenation products at thermodynamic equilibrium is predictable from the elemental composition of the organic matter of parent coal.

Mechanochemical activation of iron ore-based catalysts for the hydrogenation of brown coal

Genesis of pyrrhotite catalysts from different iron ore concentrates and pure iron oxides was investigated using the method of mechanochemical treatment in a planetary mill. The dispersion and fine crystalline structure of oxide and pyrrhotite particles were studied as the function of mechanical load, sulfiding temperature and mode of preparation. Methods for the preparation of high performance iron ore-based catalysts for brown coal hydrogenation have been developed.

00/01096 Environmental aspects of the hydrogenation of brown coals of the Kansk-Achinsk Basin

00/01096 Environmental aspects of the hydrogenation of brown coals of the Kansk-Achinsk Basin

98/03682 Toxicology of products of hydrogenation of brown coal

98/03682 Toxicology of products of hydrogenation of brown coal

98/03651 Kinetics of hydrogenation of brown coals at hydrogen pressure 6 MPa

98/03651 Kinetics of hydrogenation of brown coals at hydrogen pressure 6 MPa

97/01801 Nickel molybdate-catalyzed hydrogenation of brown coal without solvent or added sulfur

97/01801 Nickel molybdate-catalyzed hydrogenation of brown coal without solvent or added sulfur

97/00935 Nickel molybdate-catalysed hydrogenation of brown coal without solvent or added sulfur

97/00935 Nickel molybdate-catalysed hydrogenation of brown coal without solvent or added sulfur

The nature of the synergistic effect of binary tetralin-alcohol solvents in Kansk-Achinsk brown coal liquefaction

Kansk-Achinsk brown coal hydrogenation and swelling in tetralin, in low molecular alcohols, in other solvents and in binary mixtures were studied. Tetralin was found to be the most effective liquefaction solvent, but methanol and ethanol were the active ones in coal swelling. Synergistic effects were observed when the mixtures of tetralin and methanol or ethanol were used for liquefaction and swelling. The effect of binary solvents was shown to be due to the ability of alcohol components to cause brown coal to swell improving the availability of the fragments of coal matter for the reactive hydrogen donor tetralin molecules.

97/00324 Catalytic hydrogenation of brown coals from Kansk-Achinsk (Russia) and Yallourn (Australia) basins to clean liquid fuels

97/00324 Catalytic hydrogenation of brown coals from Kansk-Achinsk (Russia) and Yallourn (Australia) basins to clean liquid fuels

96/05861 Nickel molybdate-catalysed hydrogenation of brown coal without solvent or added sulfur

96/05861 Nickel molybdate-catalysed hydrogenation of brown coal without solvent or added sulfur

Nickel molybdate-catalysed hydrogenation of brown coal without solvent or added sulfur

Reactions of brown coals, previously impregnated with aqueous solutions of nickel(II) acetate (0.2 wt% Ni, db) and ammonium heptamolybdate (0.6 wt% Mo, db), with hydrogen at 400°C gave very high conversions (up to 92 wt% for 60 min reaction time) to products soluble in dichloromethane, water and gas in the absence of reaction solvent or added sulfur. Variation in concentration of the Ni and Mo showed a marked synergistic effect and suggested that the optimum Ni Mo atomic ratio was ∼0.5, close to that used in many commercial catalysts. High conversions (79 wt% dichloromethane-solubles, water and gas) could be obtained from reactions using lower concentrations of catalyst (0.1 wt% Ni + 0.3 wt% Mo), provided that longer reaction times (60 min) were used. Conversions decreased dramatically if the amount of coal in the autoclave increased. Prior treatment of the Victorian coals with alkali solution (NaAlO 2 or NaOH) before (but not after) NiMo impregnation led to a significant increase in oil (hexane-soluble) yields when the impregnated coal was dried at 30°C under vacuum. Alkali treatment was found to be beneficial when Ni alone was used, but to have no effect on the conversion of coals with Mo alone.

96/04790 Hydropyrolysis of sludge from brown coal hydrogenation

96/04790 Hydropyrolysis of sludge from brown coal hydrogenation

96/01359 Brown coal liquefaction (BCL) process. Synthesis of transportation liquid fuel by hydrogenation of brown coal

This paper deals with the current change of the institutional and organizational framework of the Russian oil industry. Regarding this evolution, the main characteristic is the increasing involvement of national oil companies in the upstream activities. The point is to explain this reorganization by relying on the New Institutional Economics framework. These theoretical works highlight that institutional environment and governance structures complement each other. We argue that the current reorganization in an attempt to increase the coherence of the institutional arrangement governing the transaction between the Russian state and the private oil companies.

95/05783 Catalytic systems for hydrogenation of brown coal under 6-MPa hydrogen pressure

Two-line ferrihydrite was prepared by two different procedures. In procedure 1, which is widely used, ferrihydrite (named as ferrihydrite-1) was prepared by droping NaOH solution into Fe(III) solution. In procedure 2, which is rarely reported, ferrihydrite (named as ferrihydrite-2) was prepared by adding Fe(III) and NaOH solutions into a certain volume of water simultaneously. The results showed that mixing procedures of Fe(III) and alkaline were critical in the sub-microstructures and the conversion mechanisms of ferrihydrites in the presence or absence of trace Fe(II). The sub-microstructure of ferrihydrite-1 favored the mechanism of its dissolution re-crystallization and hematite nanoparticles with rough surface were obtained. The sub-microstructure of ferrihydrite-2 favored the solid state transformation from ferrihydrite to hematite and hematite nanoparticles with smooth surface were formed. These research results will be helpful for us to control the synthesis of hematite nanoparticles with different surface state.

95/01295 Catalytic properties of sulfur-bearing compounds of iron during hydrogenation of brown coal

95/01295 Catalytic properties of sulfur-bearing compounds of iron during hydrogenation of brown coal

Motor fuels production from brown coal hydrogenation liquids

Test results for the production of motor fuel (gasoline, diesel fuel) from coal liquids boiling in the range of 55–425°C are discussed and presented in this article. Test conditions used were: Temperature 400°C; pressure 10 MPa, a liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) of 0.5 h −1, and a feed rate of 1000 liters of H 2 per liter of feedstock. The product fuels by their physical and chemical properties were similar to petroleum-derived products. Industrially used alumo-nickel-molybdenum catalyst (Russia) did not lose its activity in hydrotreatment of coal liquids during runs lasting 2000 hours and the coke deposition on the catalyst amounted to 16–18% (by weight). Motor fuels production from brown coal hydrogenation liquids at low hydrogen pressure (to 10 MPa) is being developed in Russia at the ST-5 experimental plant, which has a daily capacity of 5 to 7 tonnes.

Brown coal conversion to liquid products at the ST-5 pilot plant

The results of brown coal hydrogenation from the Borodinsky deposit of the Kansk-Achinsk basin ( W r 0.9 wt%, A d 5.7 wt%, V daf 39.0 wt%, C daf 73.18 wt%, H daf 5.48 wt%, S t d 0.26 wt%, N daf 0.79 wt%) under field conditions of the ST-5 pilot plant are given. The characteristics of gasoline and diesel fuel samples obtained from distillate fractions of coal liquefaction products are analogous to the characteristics of the same samples obtained from petroleum. According to data obtained in the presence of coal paste-forming agent the specific thermal effect of hydrogenation is 760 kJ/kg of feedstock. Summary material balances of coal hydrogenation at the ST-5 pilot plant were obtained.