Hydrogen Sulfide Media Research Articles

Study of the corrosion protection effect of the new composition based on gossypol resin in the hydrogen sulfide formation water

We investigated the impact of a new composition (HS-1) composed of gossypol resin and IB-1 reagent taken in the ratio of 3:1 on the corrosion rate in the hydrogen sulfide formation water under laboratory conditions. Concentrations of 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/l of the new composition were used. The formation water sample taken from well No. 1082 of "Bibiheybatneft" OGPD, SOCAR was used as an corrosion medium. The corrosion effects were also investigated at the concentrations of 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/l of gossypol resin and 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg/l of IB-1 inhibitor. When the concentration of gossypol resin in the formation water increased by 50–200 mg/l, the corrosion protection effect took a value in the range of 60–82%. When the concentration of IB-1 inhibitor varied between 10–25 mg/l in a hydrogen sulfide medium, the protection effect was between 65–90%. Increasing the concentration of new HS-1 composition in the range of 30–80 mg/l resulted in an increase in its corrosion protection effect between 74–98%. It was found that the optimal consumption rate of gossypol resin, IB-1 inhibitor and HS-1 composition for corrosion protection in an aggressive medium with hydrogen sulfide was 200 mg/l, 25 mg/l and 80 mg/l, respectively.

Effect of H2S gas flow rate on the stoichiometric ratio of S:Zn and transparency of ZnS nanostructure ceramic in IR region

In this research, zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanostructure powder was successfully synthesized via two-stage annealing (Ar + H2S). The annealing under argon medium was responsible for eliminating impurities such as SO4, SO3 and SO2. The annealing under hydrogen sulfide (H2S) medium also led to compensation of sulfur and establishment of Zn to S stoichiometric ratio following sintering. Investigation of different flow rates of H2S gas indicated that 30 mL/min would contribute to optimal Zn to S stoichiometric ratio. The Zn to S stoichiometric ratio before sintering under H2S medium was 1.28, which increased to 1.55 after annealing under H2S medium. The ceramic obtained from ZnS powder annealed under H2S medium at 30 mL/min had density of 99.98% and IR transmission of 62% within 8–12 μm range (wavenumbers of 1250–850 cm−1).

Działanie antykorozyjne wybranych odczynników na korozję stali węglowej w wodzie złożowej zawierającej siarkowodór

For the first time, the impact of the composition of gossypol resin and IB-1 reagent, prepared in a 3:1 ratio and conventionally named HS-1, on the corrosion rate in hydrogen sulfide formation water has been investigated under laboratory conditions. Concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80 mg/l of the new composition were used. During the experiments, a formation water sample taken from well No. 1082 of “Bibiheybatneft” OGPD, SOCAR, served as the electrochemical corrosion medium for the study. To conduct a comparative analysis, gossypol resin, IB-1 inhibitor, and HS-1 composition were used. Concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 200 mg/l of gossypol resin and 10, 15, 20, and 25 mg/l of IB-1 inhibitor were employed in the experiments. Numerous laboratory experiments revealed that the optimal consumption rate for the HS-1 inhibitor is 100 mg/l, for gossypol resin it is 200 mg/l, and for the IB-1 inhibitor it is 25 mg/l. These experiments were conducted under dynamic conditions over six hours. It was determined that the newly developed HS-1 composition offers superior protection in an aggressive medium containing hydrogen sulfide compared to its constituent components, gossypol resin, and IB-1 inhibitor. Specifically, as the concentration of gossypol resin in formation water increases from 50 to 200 mg/l, the corrosion protection effect ranges from 60–82%. When the concentration of IB-1 inhibitor varies between 10–25 mg/l in a hydrogen sulfide medium, the protection effect lies between 65-90%. In the aggressive medium of hydrogen sulfide formation water, increasing the concentration of the new HS-1 composition from 30–80 mg/l results in an enhancement of its electrochemical corrosion protection effect, ranging from 74–98%. Upon analyzing the results of numerous laboratory experiments, it was found that the optimal consumption rate of gossypol resin for corrosion protection in an aggressive medium with hydrogen sulfide is 200 mg/l, the consumption rate of IB-1 inhibitor is 25 mg/l, and for the HS-1 composition is 80 mg/l. The corrosion rates for gossypol resin in the concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 200 mg/l is 1.72, 1.38, 1.12, 0.78 g/m2 · h and retardation coefficient is 2.50, 3.10, 3.84, 5.51, respectively. Corrosion rate of IB-1 inhibitor concentration in the amount of 10, 15, 20, and 25 mg/l is 1.5, 1.12, 0.78, 0.43, and retardation coefficient is 2.86, 3.84, 5.51, 10.0, respectively. The corrosion rates for the new HS-1 composition at concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80 mg/l is 1.12, 0.73, 0.34, 0.08, and the retardation coefficient is 3.84, 5.89, 12.64, 53.75, respectively. Comparing the corrosion rate values obtained for all three reagents with the corrosion rate for hydrogen sulphide formation water shows that new HS-1 composition has a higher effectiveness compared to its constituent components.

Corrosion and Tribocorrosion of 07Kh16N6 Steel in Hydrogen-Sulfide Media

Corrosion and Tribocorrosion of 07Kh16N6 Steel in Hydrogen-Sulfide Media

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A UNIVERSAL CORROSION INHIBITOR

In the article, in order to eliminate of the corrosion process, a universal bactericidal inhibitor was developed, based on the condensation products of aminoethylethanolamine and fatty acids. The bactericidal properties of the developed inhibitor were investigated. In wells operated on offshore platforms of O.G.E.O. on May 28, SOCSR carried out chemical and microbiological analysis of formation waters. The number of bactericidal cells of the investigated inhibitor and their vital activity indicate the bactericidal effect of its organizing advantage. The topic posed in this article is topical and has great theoretical and practical importance. An inhibiting composition has been developed, obtained on the basis of processing the residue of condensation products of aminoethylethanolamine and fatty acids, which have high inhibitory properties in model solutions. The optimal conditions for the synthesis of this inhibitor have been determined. The inhibiting properties of the composition of the new series, moreover, with a different composition in hydrogen sulfide media of oil fields of formation waters, imitating siphate-reducing bacteria, with respect to the bactericidal effect, have been established. Keywords: corrosion, oilfield equipment, inhibitor protection, aggressive protection, aggressive environment, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, carbonate, dispersed particle.

Corrosion and Hydrogenation of 17G1S-U Steel in Hydrogen-Sulfide Media of Different Concentrations

Corrosion and Hydrogenation of 17G1S-U Steel in Hydrogen-Sulfide Media of Different Concentrations

Influence of the Structure of Carbon Steels on the Corrosion, Hydrogenation, and Corrosion Cracking in Hydrogen-Sulfide Media

We study the influence of the structure of carbon steels on corrosion, hydrogenation, and corrosion cracking in NACE solution. The corrosion and hydrogenation rates of U8 steel increase with the range of particle sizes in the structure in the following order: pearlite, sorbite (high-temperature martensite), troostite (medium-temperature martensite), and martensite. In 45 steel, these rates are maximum for the ferrite-pearlite structure and minimum for sorbite. The 45 steel is less susceptible to hydrogen-sulfide corrosion cracking in a NACE solution than U8 steel, which reveals the dependence on the content of carbon and, hence, on the content of carbides. The 45 steel with sorbite structure and U8 steel with sorbite and troostite structures are characterized by the highest resistance to fracture in hydrogen-sulfide media. However, in view of the influence of hydrogenation, steels with sorbite structures prove to be most suitable for operation in hydrogen-sulfide-containing media.

Assimilation of Production Under Casting and Rolling Conditions of Pipe Rolled Product from Steels of the V–N Microalloying System Resistant to Cold and Hydrogen Sulfide Cracking

Results are provided for assimilation under casting and rolling complex conditions of pipe rolled product of the V–N microalloying system that is characterized not only by high strength (up to K60) and ductility, but also quite good cold resistance and crack resistance in a hydrogen sulfide medium.

Замедление коррозии углеродистой стали в сероводородных средах в отсутствие и в присутствии ингибитора

Замедление коррозии углеродистой стали в сероводородных средах в отсутствие и в присутствии ингибитора

Specific Features of Corrosion and the Microelectrochemical Heterogeneity of 45 and U8 Steels in Hydrogen-Sulfide Media

We analyze the character of corrosion of 45 and U8 steels with ferrite–pearlite (pearlite), sorbite, troostite, and martensite structures in hydrogen-sulfide media. It is shown that, as a result of hydrogen-sulfide corrosion, sulfide-containing films are formed on their surface. It is established that the degree of localization of pits and the depth corrosion indices depend on the structures of steels and their grades. Corrosion pits develop most intensely on the surfaces of steels with martensite (U8 steel) and troostite (45 steel) structures. We analyze the microelectrochemical heterogeneity of the surfaces of these steels prior to and after hydrogen-sulfide corrosion by the method of scanning with a capillary probe in a moving drop of an МЕХ aqueous solution. It is shown that, for 45 steel with troostite structure, it increases by a factor of ∼ 7. The local potentials take their highest values at the sites of the largest corrosion pits and attain 300 mV.

Application of Pulsed Laser Deposition in Reactive Gaseous Media to Fabricate an Effective Hybrid MoS x /WO y Catalyst for the Reaction of Hydrogen Evolution

To fabricate an electrocatalyst containing nanostructured layers of WOy and MoS x , a sequential formation of tungsten oxide and molybdenum sulfide thin films is performed by means of the pulsed laser deposition of W and Mo in low-pressure air and hydrogen sulfide media, respectively. The reactive medium pressure and the substrate (glassy carbon) temperature are varied during and after the deposition. WOy thin films of various morphologies and structures determining certain differences in their catalytic properties in the reaction of hydrogen evolution in acidic solutions are obtained. However, the catalytic efficiency of the obtained WO y nanoelements (spheres, needles, and sheets) with amorphous and crystalline structures appears to be insufficient. Additional deposition of MoS x with an amorphous structure results in a significant improvement of the catalytic properties. Sulfur atoms in the MoSx amorphous matrix cause the formation of catalytically active sites, while the developed surface of the WO y stimulates an increase in the catalyst total active area. Penetration of hydrogen effectively formed on MoS x into the bulk of thin films of WO y provides a crucial electrocatalysis condition—low current resistance in the support layer with a large exposed surface area.

Application of the Magnetoelastic Acoustic Emission for the Corrosion Investigations of Steels

We perform the experimental investigation of the influence of hydrogen sulfide on the signals of magnetoelastic acoustic emission (MAE). The action of hydrogen-sulfide media on the parameters of МАЕ signals of reversely magnetized specimens of 15 steel and 2 steel after holding in these media for 173 h at room temperature is investigated. The degraded structure of the material causes a decrease in the mobility of non-180° domain walls because the number of their pinning centers increases and, as a result, the sum of amplitudes of the MAE signals in damaged specimens decreases.

Исследование антикоррозионных свойств ингибиторов, синтезированных на основе триглицеридов оливкового масла, в сероводородной и углекислотной средах

Исследование антикоррозионных свойств ингибиторов, синтезированных на основе триглицеридов оливкового масла, в сероводородной и углекислотной средах

Static Crack Resistance of 20 and 30KhMA Steels in a Nace Solution

We study the crack resistance of 20 and 30KhМА steels in a NACE hydrogen-sulfide solution under static and repeated static stresses and found their threshold stress intensity factors. A conclusion is made that these steels almost satisfy the criteria of their applicability in hydrogen-sulfide media accepted in the engineering practice.

Protective Properties of Aluminum-Based Coatings in Hydrogen-Sulfide Media

We study the corrosion and corrosion-mechanical properties of 20 steel with electric-arc sprayed aluminum coatings in chloride- and hydrogen-sulfide-containing media. The elevated corrosion resistance of the coatings is observed in all testing media. It is shown that hydrogen sulfide has practically no effect on the corrosion rate of the coating. The high resistance to hydrogen-sulfide corrosion cracking (HSCC) of 20 steel with aluminum and combined (thermally sprayed aluminum + polyurethane Hardtop flexy) coatings is established. Under the conditions of slow tension of the specimens with aluminum coatings in NACE solutions, the stresses corresponding to the onset of damage of the coating (with its subsequent final failure) are determined.

Corrosion and Hydrogenation of 09G2S Steel in Hydrogen-Sulfide Media at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures

We study the influence of the partial pressure of hydrogen sulfide (1–5 atm) and temperature (25–120°C) on the corrosion behavior of 09G2S steel in model seawater and the degree of its hydrogenation. It is shown that the increase in the partial pressure of hydrogen sulfide (p H2S) up to 5 atm at 80°C leads to an increase in the corrosion rate of steel by almost an order of magnitude. It is shown that, for p H2S = 1–5 atm, hydrogen sulfide promotes the hydrogenation of steel. In this case, the amount of diffusion-mobile hydrogen is 3.5–3.7 times smaller than the amount of hydrogen with a higher energy of bonding with the metal. It is established that, the increase in temperature from 25 up to 120°C leads to a decrease in the corrosion rate of steel in model seawater for p H2S = 1 atm by a factor of ~ 6–8, whereas the degree of hydrogenation becomes 2.8–4.1 times larger.

Effect of Accelerated Cooling Parameters on Microstructure and Hydrogen Cracking Resistance of Low-Alloy Pipe Steels

The effect of accelerated cooling parameters on microstructure and hydrogen initiated cracking (HIC) is studied for thick-walled low-alloy steels of strength categories X52–X65 used for manufacturing large diameter pipes intended for operation in hydrogen sulfide media. Optimum accelerated cooling regimes are determined providing formation of a ferrite-bainite microstructure throughout the rolled product’s thickness, exhibiting improved hydrogen cracking resistance.

Influence of Cyclic Loads on the Fracture Resistance of Pipe Steels and their Welded Joints in Hydrogen-Sulfide Media

It is shown that the high resistance of 20, 30KhMA, and 12Kh21N5T steels to hydrogen-sulfide stress corrosion cracking does not guarantee their high resistance to corrosion fatigue fracture in the NACE solution (wt.%): 5% NaCl + 0.5% CH3COOH + H2S saturated; pH 3–4, 20 ± 3°С. It is shown that the increase in the amplitude of asymmetric cycles causes a more significant decrease in the durability of these steels than the increase in the average value of stresses. We reveal a significant influence not only of hydrogen embrittlement but also of corrosive processes on the fracture of welded joints in the NACE solution. It is shown that this is caused by the growth of their microelectrochemical heterogeneity in the corrosion process, which promotes the localization of corrosive defects.

Effect of Local Plastic Strains on the Physicomechanical Properties of the Material and the Stress State of a Pipeline

We present the results of investigation of the physicomechanical properties of plastically deformed 17G1S pipe steel after long-term operation. We have studied the susceptibility to hydrogen-induced cracking, corrosion rate, and the influence of hydrogen-sulfide media on the mechanical characteristics and distribution of microhardness over the thickness of the pipe. It is shown that, for 1 % strains, the microhardness of steel increases by 0.39–0.56 GPa. For 3 % strains, the increase in microhardness is less pronounced. The hydrogen-sulfide NACE medium insignificantly affects the strength characteristics (σ0.2 and σu) but substantially decreases the plasticity characteristics (δ and ψ). Under the influence of hydrogen-sulfide media, the time to fracture of specimens made of both deformed and deformation-free pipe steel noticeably decreases. It is shown that local plastic strains in the pipe significantly affect its stress-strain state and the formation of plastically deformed zones leads to stress concentration which is especially pronounced on the contours of indents.

Influence of Hydrogen Sulfide on the Corrosion-Mechanical Properties of Welded Joints of Pipe Steel

We determine the mechanical properties of the base metal and the metal of the heat-affected zone for welded joints of 17G1SU pipe steel in air and establish the influence of corrosion defects in these zones after preliminary holding in a NACE solution of hydrogen sulfide for 200 h. It is shown that the hydrogen-sulfide medium insignificantly changes the strength (σu, σ0.2) but noticeably affects the plasticity (ψ, δ) both of the base metal and of the weld metal. We also investigate their corrosion resistance, susceptibility to hydrogen-induced cracking, and the influence of preliminary hydrogen-sulfide corrosion on the corrosion-cracking resistance of welded joints.