Hydrogen Sulfide-containing Gas Research Articles

Молекулярное моделирование и экспериментальное подтверждение поиска средств коррекции токсического воздействия сероводорода

Mathematical modeling is a promising method enabling in silico calculations with subsequent suggestion of cell membrane protective agents used to reduce the consequences of exposure to hydrogen sulfide-containing gas in emergency situations. This study aimed to investigate the nature of interaction of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and N-Acetyl-L-Cycteine (NAC) with the components of cell membranes. We built a mathematical model of interatomic interactions of cell membrane components with H2S and NAC (two separate models), then made the quantum-chemical calculations using our proprietary technique and set up GAMESS Z-matrices reflecting type and position of atoms in the molecules. The structure of the molecules was optimized with the help of MOPAC package built into ChemOffice. Lecithin-based liposomes in a sulfide solution (with Na2S being the donor of H and HS ions) were used as an experimental model of the biological membrane. Redox potential in mV was the comparison parameter in assessment of interaction of the H2S system components and NAC with phospholipid. The results include patterns showing the phospholipid reactive centers blocked by NAC under toxic exposure to H2S. Liposomal models of cell membranes were formed and redox parameters measured. Biological experiment confirmed the acceptable accuracy of the designed method of calculation of intermolecular interactions when used as a basis for further selection of agents capable of adjusting toxic doses of hydrogen sulfide. Membrane models of H2S interaction with protein and lecithin were visualized in silico and in vitro. The possibility of using NAC as an H2S inhibitor has been confirmed.

Apparatus for Producing Elemental Sulfur from Highly Concentrated Hydrogen Sulfide-Containing Gases

A device is proposed for producing sulfur, in the form of a cylindrical reactor with several catalyst blocks consisting of heat exchange elements with an internal space for the passage of the coolant; the space between the elements is filled with a granular catalyst. The device additionally contains a steam heater for hydrogen sulfide-containing gas, a section for condensing sulfur vapors (surface condenser located below the catalyst units), and a thermosyphon device for removing reaction heat from the catalyst blocks. In this case, the catalyst units are equipped with devices for distribution of oxygen-containing gas over the cross section of the apparatus. The thermosyphon device is composed of a manifold distributor of the liquid heat carrier, a manifold-collector of the vapor-liquid mixture, and a separation space, which houses a steam heater of the hydrogen sulfide-containing gas. When highly concentrated hydrogen sulfide is oxidized (up to 90 vol. %) on the experimental apparatus, the sulfur removal is 4.0–4.1 kg/hr for every 1 liter of catalyst, the sulfur yield is 99.6% and a high-potential vapor is obtained (250°C, 4.0 MPa).

ПРОБЛЕМА ПРОЦЕССОВ СОЛЕОТЛОЖЕНИЯ И КОРРОЗИИ НА УСТАНОВКЕ ДЛЯ ОСУШКИ И ОЧИСТКИ ТОПЛИВНОГО ГАЗА ОТ СЕРОВОДОРОДА

The paper proposes a project for washing hydrogen sulfide-containing gas from ammonia, which allows solving the problem of formation of ammonium salts in the gas pipeline and other technological equipment of the unit for drying and cleaning fuel gas from hydrogen sulfide in shop 17/19 of Angarsk petrochemical company

Demyelination of nerve fibers in the central nervous system caused by chronic exposure to natural hydrogen sulfide-containing gas.

We studied the effect of natural gas from Astrakhan' gas field on rat brain. The study revealed a specific effect of natural H(2)S-containing gas on myelin sheaths in the brain, which determines its neurotoxicity even at low concentrations in the inspired air.

Instrument and method for determination of corrosive-mechanical wear of metals in friction in corrosive media

In the service of petroleum, gas, and chemical equipment such as gas compressor units used in transposition of hydrogen sulfide-containing natural and petroleum gases metal parts frequently operate in liquid and gas-liquid media containing chemically active impurities of varying concentration. One of the basic requirements for transportation of high sulfur gas is providing wear- and corrosion resistance of compressor equipment. Investigations conducted of the reliability of centrifugal compressors have shown that the number of failures in the lubrication system from a GPA-Ts-6.3 was an average of 16% per 15,000 h of operation and 18.9% per 9,800 h of operation for a GPA-Ts-16 (of the total number of failures of all systems). One of the basic reasons for failure of compressor lubrication systems is the high corrosiveness of hydrogen sulfide-containing gas. For the purpose of studying and evaluation of the wear- and corrosion resistance of metals operating in corrosive media and also of determination of the tribotechnical properties of lubricant materials saturated with hydrogen sulfide and moisture the MT-2M instrument was developed. The instrument may be used for friction and wear testing of construction materials in liquid media with various gaseous impurities (air, nitrogen, methane, hydrogen sulfide, etc.) with temperature controlmore » from 20 to 150{degrees}C. The method makes it possible to conduct tests with variable and constant loading.« less

Thermally stable derivatives of propylenepolyamines as protective additives for lubricating oils used in compressors handling hydrogen sulfide-containing gas

In the transmission of natural, associated, and petroleum gases containing hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, water, and other corrosive impurities, problems are created by the saturation of the compressor lubricating oil with these impurities and failure of components of the lubricating and sealing system. Hydrogen sulfide is distinguished by the greatest affinity for oil and the highest corrosivity. Its solubility in oils may be as high as 10 g/liter under standard conditions. In the work reported here, we investigated the protective properties of salts and amides based on higher aliphatic, alkylaromatic, and unsaturated carboxylic acids with certain substituted propylenepolyamines. In synthesizing the additives, we used the following: a commercial C{sub 17} - C{sub 20} fraction of synthetic fatty acids (SFA): C{sub 25+} still bottoms; technical alkyl (C{sub 16} - C {sub 18}) salicylic acids; and oleic acid. From these materials, we obtained salts and amides of N,N-dimethylpropanediamine, N-benzylpropanediamine, N-cyanoethylpropanediamine, N,N,N`,N`-tetramethyldipropylenetriamine, and N,N-dimethyldipropylenetriamine.

Impact of industrial hydrogen sulfide-containing natural gas from the Astrakhan condensed gas deposit on the activity of respiratory neurons

The industrial development of the Astrakhan condensed gas deposit with a high content of hydrogen sulfide has led to a considerable deterioration of environmental quality in the Volga-Caspian basin. As a consequence of accidental emissions of a toxic industrial hydrogen sulfide-containing gas from this deposit, cases of poisoning have occurred among people. AS demonstrated by clinical and pathophysiological studies, hydrogen sulfide-containing gaseous mixtures are neurotoxic and may be lethal. That hydrogen sulfide exerts toxic effects, notably on the respiratory system, has been known for a long time. The clinical picture of hydrogen sulfide poisoning is dominated by signs and symptoms of damage to reticular and stem structures of the brain, which results in grossly disordered regulation of respiration and cardiovascular activity [4]. In cats under Nembutal anesthesia that inhaled a pure hydrogen sulfide-containing gas from the Orenburg gas field, an increase in the frequency and depth of breathing during the first 10 sec of exposure was followed by severe inhibition and then complete cessation of breathing within the first minute of exposure [2]. These and other findings indicate that acute exposure to hydrogen sul-

Respiratory and circulatory effects of inhalation exposure to air mixtures with sublethal and lethal concentrations of natural hydrogen sulfide-containing gas

Respiratory and circulatory effects of inhalation exposure to air mixtures with sublethal and lethal concentrations of natural hydrogen sulfide-containing gas