Hydrogen Peroxide In Real Samples Research Articles

Hybrid PANI@dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose/ZnO nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode as a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor

In this research, a highly sensitive voltammetric sensor for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection has been examined using a new hybrid material based polyaniline, dialdyhayed carboxmethyl cellouse and in the presence of ZnO nanoparticles abbreviated as (PANI/D-CMC/ZnO). Various approaches such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), and differential pulse voltammetry were used to investigate the electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2 (DPV). After preparation, (SEM) scanning electron microscopy, (XRD) X-ray diffraction, and (FTIR) Fourier transform infrared techniques were used to characterize and analyze the obtained PANI/D-CMC/ZnO material. Furthermore, as a suitable for determining hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a high conductivity platform based on PANI/D-CMC/ZnO electrode modified nanocomposite was created. The modified PANI/D-CMC/ZnO, electrode indicated a good linear range and a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.45 M for hydrogen peroxide determination under optimal conditions (pH 5.7). The peak current of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method of hydrogen peroxide increased linearly with its concentration. The concentration has been linear from in the ranges of 0.50 to 5 μM and 10 to 50 μM. The sensor was successfully used to test for hydrogen peroxide in real samples like milk.

An electrochemical sensor based on AuPd@FexOy nanozymes for a sensitive and in situ quantitative detection of hydrogen peroxide in real samples.

The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in living organisms and environment have strong effects on many biological processes inducing cell apoptosis/cell necrosis and wound disinfection. Therefore, it is important to have an accurate and in situ detection of H2O2. Herein, an AuPd@FexOy nanozyme-based electrochemical (EC) sensor (termed as AuPd@FexOy NPs/GCE) with good stability and anti-interference ability has been prepared for the detection of H2O2 by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and chronoamperometry dual-measurement modes. The AuPd@FexOy NPs/GCE exhibits good linear relationships in the ranges from 13.0 to 6.0 × 103 μM (DPV measurement) and 50 to 1.0 × 103 μM (chronoamperometry measurement), low detection limits (LODs) of 1.6 μM (DPV measurement) and 3.0 μM (chronoamperometry measurement) and high sensitivities of 83.8 nA μM-1 cm-2 (DPV measurement) and 120.7 nA μM-1 cm-2 (chronoamperometry measurement). The practicability of the as-prepared AuPd@FexOy NPs/GCE has been demonstrated by an in situ real-time detection of H2O2 released from adherent living MCF-7 cells triggered by varying amounts of N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP) from 0.5 to 3.0 μM and the quantitative determination of H2O2 in commercial disinfectants.

A novel nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide amperometric sensor based on AgNp@GNR nanocomposites modified screen-printed carbon electrode

Abstract A nonenzymatic hydrogen-peroxide sensor was developed by utilization of silver nanoparticles and graphene nanoribbons. The mentioned composite was inflicted on a screen-printed carbon electrode which provides disposable, ready-to-use sensor. The structure and morphology of the nanocomposite were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The sensor has excellent performance toward H2O2 amperometric detection. Figures of merit include dynamic response range from 0.05 to 5 mM and detection limit of 20 μM (at S/N = 3). The fabricated sensor was used for the determination of H2O2 in milk samples. The obtained results showed that the proposed AgNp@GNR/SPCE sensor can be used for the determination of hydrogen peroxide in real samples.

Smartphone colorimetric determination of hydrogen peroxide in real samples based on B, N, and S co-doped carbon dots probe.

In this paper, we report the use of a smartphone and B, N, and S co-doped carbon dots (BNS-CDs) as a promising peroxidase mimic to quantify hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The synthesized BNS-CDs exhibited excellent peroxidase-like activity to catalyze the reaction of the chromogenic substrate 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) with H2O2 to generate a blue oxide product (ox-TMB) with maximum absorption at 652nm. Steady-state kinetic analysis demonstrated that the BNS-CDs showed much higher affinity than natural horseradish peroxidase (HRP) for H2O2 due to their small size and larger specific surface area. A smartphone colorimetric readout device was employed to record the RGB (red green blue) value of the ox-TMB solution via the Android application Color Grab for quantitative detection. A good linear relationship (R2 = 0.9970) between the H2O2 concentration and |R-Rblank| value was obtained in the range of 3-30μM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.8μM. The current method was successfully applied to determine H2O2 in mouthwash and milk with recoveries of 92.70-108.30%. The developed assay is a promising portable detection platform for H2O2 with good sensitivity and selectivity, simple operation, fast response, and low cost. Graphical abstract.

Mesoporous gold nanoparticles supported cobalt nanorods as a free-standing electrochemical sensor for sensitive hydrogen peroxide detection

The performance of an electrochemical sensor for detecting small biomolecules can be greatly upgraded by properly controlling the chemical nanostructure of electrocatalyst. In this study, we successfully prepared a unique hierarchical three-dimensional nanoarchitecture based on gold nanocrystals supported cobalt nanorods on foam substrate via a facile synthesis approach. The Au-Co NRs/3DNF hybrid has been effectively utilized as a novel binder-free self-supported electrochemical sensor for hydrogen peroxide detection with wide linear detection range of 2–799 μM, low limit of detection of 1.42 μM, long-term stability, and very excellent selectivity. Besides, the hybrid precisely detected hydrogen peroxide in real samples. The achieved results can be explained by the synergistic effect produced by the combination between gold and one-dimensional Co NRs. In addition, the 3D nanostructure with self-supported ability, large surface area, and without the use of any polymer binder, leads to the enhanced electroactive sites, conductivity, electrolyte penetration, and ion diffusion, thereby promoting the sensing performance. The results imply that the hybrid may open a prospective way for developing electrochemical sensor towards efficient detection of hydrogen peroxide.

Enzyme-free electrocatalytic sensing of hydrogen peroxide using a glassy carbon electrode modified with cobalt nanoparticle-decorated tungsten carbide.

An efficient non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was constructed by modifying a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with a nanocomposite prepared from cobalt nanoparticle (CoNP) and tungsten carbide (WC). The nanocomposite was prepared at low temperature through a simple technique. Its crystal structure, surface morphology and elemental composition were investigated via X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed the composite tobe uniformly distributed and that the CoNP are well attached to the surface of the flake-like WC. Electrochemical studies show that the modified GCE has an improved electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of H2O2. H2O2 can be selectively detected, best at a working voltage of -0.4V (vs. Ag/AgCl), with a 6.3nM detection limit over the wide linear range from 50nM to 1.0mM. This surpasses previously reported non-enzymatic H2O2 sensors. The sensor was successfully applied to the determination of H2O2 in contact lens solutions and in spiked serum samples. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of a method for electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide in real samples using cobalt nanoparticle decorated tungsten carbide (WCC) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE).

Fe(III) porphyrin metal–organic framework as an artificial enzyme mimics and its application in biosensing of glucose and H2O2

Metal–organic frameworks with diverse structures and unique properties have demonstrated that can be an ideal substitute for natural enzymes in colorimetric sensing platform for analyte detection in various fields such as environmental chemistry, biotechnology and clinical diagnostics, which have attracted the scientist’s attention, recently. In this study, a porous coordination network (denoted as PCN-222) was synthesized as a new biomimetic material from an iron linked tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (named as Fe-TCPP) as a heme-like ligand and Zr6 linker as a node. This catalyst shows the peroxidase and catalase activities clearly. The mechanism of peroxidase activity for PCN-222 was investigated using the spectrophotometric methods and its activity was compared with the other nanoparticles which, the results showed a higher activity than the other catalysts. Also, the hydrogen peroxide was detected by PCN-222(Fe) based on the peroxidase-like activity. For detection of hydrogen peroxide a linear range of 3–200 µM and detection of limit (LOD) 1 µM (3σ/slope), under optimal conditions were obtained. Moreover, based on the high tendency of PCN-222(Fe) to combine with the TMB as a chromogenic substrate in the peroxidase-like activity, we developed the sensitive and selective colorimetric assay for glucose detection that was found a detection limit (LOD) of 2.2 µM in the linear range from 12 to 75 µM. Finally due to the good catalytic activity of PCN-222(Fe), it was used to detection of glucose and hydrogen peroxide in real samples.

Preparation of modified glassy carbon electrode by the use of titanium oxide, copper and palladium nanoparticles and its application for the electrocatalytic and photelectrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide

A new electrochemical sensor for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) determination was fabricated based on less expensive and simple layer-by-layer method. The morphological and elemental characteristics of palladium, copper and titanium oxide nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), respectively. The electrochemical behaviors of H2O2 on constructed sensor were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry techniques. By integration of the palladium, copper and titanium oxide nanoparticles into the nanocomposite, the constructed nanocomposite illustrated good synergistic effect in reduction of H2O2, thereby resulting in the higher cathodic peak current and very reduced over potential. The sensor displays a fast response time less than 2 s with a linear range from 0.05 µM to 0.1 M and detection limit of 16.0 nM (S/N = 3). Moreover, the photoelectrocatalytic capability of the proposed modified electrode was explored in dark and under light irradiation conditions. The catalytic current significantly increased under illumination condition and it comes back to its original value by turning off the light irradiation. This result indicates the stable photo-induced catalytic behavior of the constructed sensor. The resulting sensor was successfully used to detection of hydrogen peroxide in real samples.

Highly sensitive enzyme-free amperometric sensing of hydrogen peroxide in real samples based on Co3O4nanocolumn structures

Highly sensitive enzyme-free amperometric sensing of hydrogen peroxide in real samples is demonstrated using Co3O4nanocolumn structures.

Synthesis of porous thin silver films and their application for hydrogen peroxide sensing

Porous thin silver films were fabricated by electrochemical deposition of Ag-Zn alloys followed by a selective dealloying of zinc component. The Ag-Zn alloys were synthesized at various operating conditions including: different Ag+/Zn2+ molar ratio in the electrolyte (1:1 and 1:3), current density (0.2–20mAcm−2), and time of electrodeposition (5–60min). The deposited thin alloy films were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of dealloying time on morphology of resulting films was studied. The formation of alloys and their chemical composition were confirmed by XRD and EDS spectra. The developed porous thin Ag film electrode showed good electrocatalytic activity toward reduction of hydrogen peroxide. The influence of interfering compounds such as ascorbic acid, uric acid and glucose was studied. The proposed method with amperometric detection was applied with success, satisfying accuracy and precision to determination of hydrogen peroxide in real samples.

Non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor by electroreduction of p-nitrophenyl aldehyde in the presence of nitrous acid on glassy carbon electrode

The in situ electrogenerated aryl diazonium salts obtained by the electrochemical reduction of nitro precursor, p-nitrophenyl aldehyde, in the presence of nitrous acid was used for the modification of glassy carbon electrodes. The as-prepared modified electrode shows good electrocatalytical activity toward the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, and was employed for the construction of hydrogen peroxide sensor. The hydrogen peroxide sensor has high sensitivity, low detection limit and wide linear range. The sensor also exhibited excellent stability and anti-interference capability for the detection of hydrogen peroxide. It has been successfully applied to the determination of hydrogen peroxide in real samples.

Disposable copper random microarray sensor using toner masks: Fabrication and application

This work describes the fabrication and application of a disposable copper random microarray (DCRM) of electrodes. The DCRM was fabricated by deposition of two toner pattern masks on a copper substrate. In the first step, the mask layers were drawn using a graphical software and then printed on waxed papers. The first toner mask delimited the disc area (2mm diameter) and the second toner mask (with 90% of black toner) defined the irregular distribution of the generated microelectrodes. The toner masks were heat-transferred to the copper substrate (with a diameter of 10mm and a width of 25mm) for 600s in a thermal press heated at 120°C. The proposed electrochemical sensor was applied for the amperometric determination of two analytes: hydrogen peroxide in real samples (oral antiseptic and dental whitening) at −0.2V in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) solution and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in pharmaceutical formulations at 0.6V in 0.10molL−1 NaOH solution. The good results obtained with the DCRM demonstrated the successful application of this new sensor. The main advantages of the proposed manufacturing procedure are the simplicity, low cost of equipment and the high speed of production of microelectrode arrays on different substrates.

Localized surface plasmon resonance sensor for simultaneous kinetic determination of peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide

A new sensor for simultaneous determination of peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide using silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) as a chromogenic reagent is introduced. The silver nanoparticles have the catalytic ability for the decomposition of peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide; then the decomposition of them induces the degradation of silver nanoparticles. Hence, a remarkable change in the localized surface plasmon resonance absorbance strength could be observed. Spectra-kinetic approach and artificial neural network was applied for the simultaneous determination of peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Linear calibration graphs were obtained in the concentration range of (8.20×10−5 to 2.00×10−3molL−1) for peroxyacetic acid and (2.00×10−5 to 4.80×10−3molL−1) for hydrogen peroxide. The analytical performance of this sensor has been evaluated for the detection of simultaneous determination of peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide in real samples.

Copper oxide nanoparticles and ionic liquid modified carbon electrode for the non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide

The direct electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide in alkaline medium at a carbon ionic liquid electrode modified with copper oxide nanoparticles was investigated. The electrode was prepared by mixing graphite particles, ionic liquid (n-octylpyridium hexafluorophosphate) and copper oxide nanoparticles. Unlike the film-modified electrode, the fabrication of this electrode is simple and highly reproducible. The combination of the good conductivity of the ionic liquid and the high catalytic activity of the nanoparticles resulted in an electrode with attractive properties for the determination of hydrogen peroxide. The concentration of NaOH and the loading of copper oxide nanoparticles were optimized. The linear range for the determination of hydrogen peroxide is from 1.0 μM to 2.5 mM, the detection limit is 0.5 μM. High stability, sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility, fast response, the ease of preparation, and surface renewal made the electrode well suitable for the determination of hydrogen peroxide in real samples.

Bioelectrochemistry of hemoglobin immobilized on a sodium alginate-multiwall carbon nanotubes composite film

This study described the bioelectrochemistry of hemoglobin (Hb) at multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) noncovalently functionalized with biopolymers of sodium alginate (SA). The characteristics of Hb/SA–MWCNTs composite film were studied by using FT-IR spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy and electrochemical methods. Hb immobilized on SA–MWCNTs composite film retained its native secondary structure, achieved direct electron transfer with the apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (ks) of (9.54±0.883)s−1 and showed excellent bioelectrocatalytic activity to the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. The amperometric response of the biosensor varied linearly with the H2O2 concentration ranging from 40 to 200μM, with a detection limit of 16.41×10−6M (S/N=3) and the good long-term stability. Finally, we applied this proposed method to investigate the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in real samples.

Disposable Biosensor Based on a Hemoglobin Colloidal Gold-Modified Screen-Printed Electrode for Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide

A disposable reagentless hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on the direct electrochemistry of hemoglobin immobilized on a colloidal gold-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (Hb-Au-SPCE) was proposed. The electrochemical behavior of immobilized Hb at a SPCE was studied for the first time. The electrode reaction of immobilized Hb showed a surface-controlled process with an electron transfer rate constant of (0.40 /spl plusmn/ 0.02) s/sup -1/ determined in the scan rate range from 25 to 200 mV s/sup -1/. The Hb-Au-SPCE exhibited an electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of hydrogen peroxide with a K/sub M//sup app/ value of 1.8 mM, which was allowed to be used as a disposable sensor for determination of hydrogen peroxide with a linear range from 1.0 /spl times/ 10/sup -5/ M to 3.2 /spl times/ 10/sup -4/ M, a detection limit of 5.5 /spl times/ 10/sup -6/ M at 3/spl sigma/, a high sensitivity, fast response, and good selectivity, accuracy, and reproducibility. The disposable reagentless sensor was stable, low cost, and simple to use for detection of hydrogen peroxide in real samples.

Catalytical Kinetic Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide Using Iron-Tetrasulfonatophthalocyanine (with γ-CD) as a Mimetic Enzyme of Peroxidase

Based on the catalytic effect of iron-tetrasulfonatophthalocyanine (FeTSPC) and the supramolecular feature of γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD), a new mimetic peroxidase has been used to the determination of hydrogen peroxide. Here we use the oxidation of a chromogenic substrate in the reaction between o-phenylenediamine (OPDA) and hydrogen peroxide to form 2,3-diaminophenazine (DAPN). The optimum concentration of FeTSPC and γ-CD were studied. The value of pH = 5.8 was found to be the optimum value for the experiment. The influence of different ions on the peroxidase activity of FeTSPC and γ-CD was investigated. Under optimum conditions, the calibration graph has a linear range of 5.0 × 10−6–8.0 × 10−5 mol/L hydrogen peroxide with a detection limit of 7.4 × 10−8 mol/L in a 20–40 min reaction period. The relative standard deviation at a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 1.0 × 10−5 mol/L was 3.74% (n = 9). Satisfactory results were obtained in the detection of hydrogen peroxide in real samples by this method.

Amperometric enzyme electrode for the determination of hydrogen peroxide based on sol–gel/hydrogel composite film

A new type of organic–inorganic composite material was prepared by sol–gel method, and a peroxidase biosensor was fabricated by simply dropping sol–gel–peroxidase mixture onto glassy carbon electrode surface. The sol–gel composite film and enzyme membrane were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and EQCM, the electrochemical behavior of the biosensor was studied with potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) as a mediator, and the effects of pH and operating potential were explored for optimum analytical performance by using amperometric method. The response time of the biosensor was about 10 s; the linear range was up to 3.4 mM with a detection limit of 5 × 10 −7 M. The sensor also exhibited high sensitivity (15 μA mM −1) and good long-term stability. In addition, the performance of the biosensor was investigated using flow injection analysis (FIA), and the determination of hydrogen peroxide in real samples was discussed.

A poly(o-aminophenol) modified electrode as an amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor

An enzymatic biosensor for hydrogen peroxide based on a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-ferrocene carbon paste modified electrode and coated with a layer of electrochemically generated poly(o-aminophenol) is reported. A linear calibration curve is obtained over the range 1×10−8 M to 1×10−5 M. The biosensor responds to hydrogen peroxide in a few seconds and has a detection limit of 8.5×10−9 M. The response of the biosensor is diffusion controlled at low substrate concentrations. Flow injection assays of hydrogen peroxide at a sampling rate of 150 injections per hour with a relative standard deviation of 0.8% (50 samples) are possible. Applicability of the sensor for measurement of hydrogen peroxide in real samples (milk) was demonstrated.

Silica sol-gel immobilized amperometric enzyme electrode for peroxide determination in the organic phase

Abstract An amperometric enzyme electrode for peroxide determination in non-aqueous media has been constructed by the silica sol-gel immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on a carbon paste electrode. Peroxides have been detected in the presence of ferrocene as the mediator in the organic phase to transfer electrons between the electrode surface and peroxides. The fabrication procedure of the enzyme electrode based on a sol-gel thin film derived from tetramethoxysilane has been optimized. The effect of operational parameters, such as different organic solvents, the amount of aqueous buffer in the organic solvent, mediator concentration and holding potential have been explored for the optimum analytical performance of the electrode. The electrode prepared using this immobilization technique has an excellent stability in some organic solvents, including methanol, acetonitrile and 2-propanol. The trend in the sensitivity of different peroxides is as follows: H 2 O 2 >lauroyl peroxide>butanone peroxide>tertbutyl-hydroperoxide. The apparent Michaelis–Menten constants ( K m app ) of the electrode in methanol for the above peroxides have been calculated. Applicability of the enzyme electrode for the measurement of hydrogen peroxide in real samples has been demonstrated. The results obtained by this electrode corroborate very well with the classical iodometric titration method for the determination of hydrogen peroxide.