Molecular Hydrogen Research Articles

Au/Ag@ZnS yolk-shell photocatalysts enhanced with noble metals and hyaluronic acid for efficient hydrogen production in rheumatoid arthritis therapy

Rheumatoid arthritis, characterized by the abnormal proliferation of synovial cells and extensive macrophage infiltration, is a chronic inflammatory disease. Molecular hydrogen, known for its antioxidant properties, has shown promise in eliminating reactive oxygen species. However, the low solubility and bioavailability of hydrogen limit the effectiveness of this therapy. To overcome these issues, we developed a novel yolk-shell heterostructure, H-AAZS (Au/Ag@ZnS modified hyaluronic acid), utilizing a hydrothermal cation exchange process. Through ion doping, semiconductor hybridization, and Schottky barriers in H-AAZS, photocatalysis for hydrogen generation has been successfully implemented using 660 nm laser irradiation. Additionally, the H-AAZS demonstrate the capacity for mild photothermal therapy, inducing apoptosis in synovial cells with Au's hot electrons with 660 nm laser irradiation. This strategy not only improves the abnormal proliferation of synovial cells but also avoids the exacerbation of inflammation caused by thermal stimulation. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments validate the synergistic effects of hydrogen production mediated anti-inflammatory responses, macrophage polarization and photothermal therapy. Therefore, this work represents a significant advancement as it ingeniously harnesses photocatalysis to modulate the synovial microenvironment while mitigating the side effects associated with photothermal therapy. This nanocrystal provides new and valuable insights into the potential treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis.

Formation of molecular hydrogen in diamond-like carbon films during deposition: Molecular dynamics simulations

The existence states of the H atoms in hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (a-C:H) films were simulated using a modified REBO II potential function-based large-scale atomic/molecular parallel simulator (LAMMPS) and neutral C and H atom beam impingement. The fraction of the H atoms in the incident source (H-flux fraction) in the source must be considered when investigating the effects of the incident energy combination on the H content and mass density of the films. In simulations a-C:H film deposition using a 15 % H-flux fraction, films with densities of 2.6–2.8 g/cm3 could be obtained, and their H content varied with the incident energy. However, the H contents of films simulated using a 70 % H-flux fraction could be kept in the range of 40–50 at.%. The H atoms in the films preferentially reacted with the C atoms to form CH bonds. Regardless of the incident energy combination used, the total sp3C fraction in the film increased with the H-flux fraction of the source. An incident energy of >36 eV for the H atoms was necessary to form H2 during the film deposition. Instead of being formed in the surface growth zone, H2 molecules were synthesized in the stabilized zone, where a high density of sp3C—Hn was favorable.

Experimental Investigation and Chemical Kinetics Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Inhibition on Hydrogen-Enriched Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Explosions

The utilization of hydrogen-enriched liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is an effective means of reducing carbon emissions, but the special physical and chemical properties of hydrogen have raised concerns among the public. To delve into the intricate chemical kinetic mechanisms governing the inhibitory effect of CO2 on the explosion of hydrogen-enriched LPG, this study systematically investigated the influence of varying CO2 concentrations (3%, 6%, and 9%) on the explosion characteristics of hydrogen-enriched LPG (hydrogen ratio ranging from 0 to 0.5) within a 20 L spherical explosion chamber. Subsequently, a chemical kinetic analysis was conducted, focusing on the explosion reaction dynamics of the H2/LPG/CO2/Air mixture, encompassing temperature sensitivity assessments and the production rates of key free radicals. The findings reveal that although hydrogen incorporation does not significantly alter the maximum explosion pressure of LPG, it markedly accelerates the explosion reaction rate, posing a challenge for CO2 in effectively inhibiting the explosion of hydrogen-enriched LPG. CO2 functions as a stabilizing third body within the reaction system, diminishing the collision frequency among free radicals, hydrogen molecules, hydrocarbon molecules, and oxygen molecules, thereby slowing down the reaction rate. As the proportion of hydrogen increases, the concentration of ·H radicals, known for their high reactivity, escalates, rapidly completing the propagation phase of the chain reaction and intensifying the overall generation rates of critical free radicals, including ·H, ·O, and ·OH. Notably, the key reaction H+O2⇋O+OH, which governs the reaction temperature, undergoes significant enhancement, further accelerating the explosion reaction rate and ultimately diminishing the inhibitory efficacy of CO2 against the hydrogenated LPG explosion. Furthermore, as the amount of hydrogen added increases, hydrogen’s competitiveness for oxygen within the reaction system markedly improves, attenuating the oxidation of hydrocarbons. Concurrently, the alkane recombination reaction, exemplified by C3H6+CH3(+M)⇋sC4H9(+M), is strengthened. These insights provide valuable understanding of the complex interactions and mechanisms during the explosion of hydrogen-enriched LPG in the presence of CO2, with implications for the safe application of hydrogen-enriched LPG.

Vanadium-Doped Heterointerfaced Ni3N-MoOx Nanosheets with Optimized H and H2O Adsorption for Effective Alkaline Hydrogen Electrocatalysis.

Nickel (Ni)-based materials represent a compelling avenue as platinum alternatives in the realm of alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis. However, conventional nickel nitrides (Ni3N) have long been hindered by sluggish hydrogen evolution kinetics in alkaline environments, owing to inadequate adsorption strengths of both hydrogen and water molecules. Herein, a novel approach is presented involving the design of vanadium (V)-doped Ni3N/MoOx heterogeneous nanosheets (V-Ni3N@MoOx), engineered to achieve optimized adsorption strengths for hydrogen evolution and oxidation reactions (HER/HOR). Theoretical insights underscore the superior catalytic performance of this composite, attributed to a synergistic interplay between unique V doping and the heterointerfaced structure. This synergistic effect not only fine-tunes the electronic structure, establishing an optimal d band center to mitigate proton over-bonding, but also ameliorates the energy barrier through enhanced H2O dissociation capability. Consequently, V-Ni3N@MoOx manifests remarkable catalytic activities, evincing an overpotential of 56mV at 10mAcm-2 for HER and an exchange current density of 1.91mAcm-2 for HOR in alkaline media. Notably, the stability assessment reveals the enduring performance of V-Ni3N@MoOx for HER/HOR, exhibiting no activity decay over extended operational durations. This study underscores the efficacy of heterogeneous interface modulation as a transformative strategy in designing Ni-based materials for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis.

Condensed Heterocyclic Compounds Based on 1,10-Phenatroline in the Electrocatalytic Production of Molecular Hydrogen: Effect of Substituents on the Efficiency of the Process

Condensed Heterocyclic Compounds Based on 1,10-Phenatroline in the Electrocatalytic Production of Molecular Hydrogen: Effect of Substituents on the Efficiency of the Process

Gold Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenations: The Role of Heterolytic H2 Dissociation

AbstractHydrogenations are fundamental transformations in organic synthesis, and the industrial applications span from food, petrochemical, fine chemicals to pharmaceuticals synthesis where hydrogenations of multifunctional molecules should be carried out in a chemoselective way. In this concept article we aim at providing an overview on the activation of molecular hydrogen (H2) via heterolytic dissociation, which is responsible to unlock high activity of gold catalysts for chemoselective hydrogenations. The key benefit of heterolytically dissociated H species is their preference for hydrogenating polar unsaturated groups like C=O, C=N, and C=S, as these polar bonds are ideal acceptors for proton and hydride pairs. We will provide examples on how to obtain enhanced chemoselectivity on alkynes, α, β‐unsaturated aldehydes and nitro‐compounds hydrogenations with gold catalysts.

Interlayer Hydrogen Recombination from Hydrogen Boride Nanosheets Elucidated by Isotope Labeling.

In this study, deuterium boride (DB) nanosheets were synthesized as deuterated borophane through the ion exchange of magnesium cations in magnesium diboride with deuterons from a deuterium-type ion-exchange resin in acetonitrile. The Fourier-transform infrared absorption spectrum of DB exhibited clear isotope effects, namely the shift in the absorption peak of the B-H stretching vibrational mode to a lower wavenumber. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) from a mixture of DB and hydrogen boride (HB) nanosheets yielded a more intense hydrogen-deuterium (HD) signal compared to the H2 and D2 signals. This indicates that the release of hydrogen molecules from the HB nanosheets upon heating originated from interlayer hydrogen recombination rather than intralayer hydrogen recombination. TPD analysis of HB with graphene in different mixing ratios confirmed that the interlayer reaction is predominant in the lower-temperature (<623 K) regime. Meanwhile, the intralayer reaction could proceed in the higher-temperature (>623 K) regime, where hydrogen recombination occurs following H migration on the HB nanosheets.

Light-driven lytic polysaccharide monooxygenasecatalysis mediated by Type I photosensitizers.

The use of light as abundant, renewable, and clean energy source to boost lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) reactions represents an exciting and yet under-explored opportunity. Herein we demonstrated that photosensitizers, commonly used in photodynamic therapy, which act through the photocatalytic Type I mechanism can drive the oxidation of PASC by LPMOs, whereas Type II photosensitizers are not capable of promoting the LPMO activity. We analyzed Type I and Type II photosensitizers (methylene blue and tetraiodide salt of meso-tetrakis-(4-N-methylpyridyl) porphyrin, respectively) and demonstrated that, even without an addition of external reductant, Type I was capable of boosting Thermothelomyces thermophila MtLPMO9A activity in the presence of light. We also evaluated the photobiosystem in the presence and/or absence of molecular oxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and investigated the role of superoxide radical in the methylene blue fueled reactions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3), a chemical scavenger of H2O2, acts by safeguarding the enzyme from oxidative damage caused by accumulation of H2O2 early in photosensitizer-driven LPMO reactions. Finally, the results of the present work demonstrated that light-driven LPMO reactions mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) Type I photosensitizers, which also includes molecules such as curcumin and riboflavin, is a general phenomenon.

Copper single atoms decorated iridium nanoparticles for the selective hydrogenation of bromonitrobenzene

The interaction between metals is an important factor to modify the catalytic roles of metallic catalysts, and it is highly desirable to reveal the relationship between metal-metal interaction and catalytic performance. Three types of Ir-Cu catalysts including Cu single atoms modified Ir nanoparticles and Ir-Cu alloy catalysts are prepared to observe the modifying role of Cu on Ir. Under relatively high temperature treatment, Ir-Cu alloy can be produced from Cu single atoms and Ir nanoparticles. The selectivity to bromoaniline (BAN) over Cu/C-Ir catalyst can be up to 99.9 % at the 100 % conversion of bromonitrobenzene (BNB), which is higher than that over Ir/C (94.3 %) and Ir-Cu/C alloy catalyst (98.5 %). The turnover frequencies (TOFs) of Cu/C-Ir catalysts are evidently lower than that of the Ir-Cu/C alloy catalyst, though their dispersions are higher than that of Ir-Cu/C alloy catalyst. The electronic transfer from Cu single atoms to Ir nanoparticles not only weakens the hydrogen adsorption ability but reduces the number of active sites available for splitting hydrogen molecules into hydrogen atoms, leading to a decrease in the catalytic activity for the selective hydrogenation of BNB. The interaction exerted by unalloyed Cu single atoms on Ir nanoparticles differs from that of alloyed Cu on Ir, which may be the possible reason for the different catalytic performance between Cu single atoms modified Ir nanoparticles and Ir-Cu alloy.

Rotational excitation of methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) in collisions with molecular hydrogen

Abstract This paper presents the calculation of rate coefficients for transitions between rotational levels of the A-type and E-type levels of methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) resulting from collisions with molecular hydrogen. Radiative transfer modeling requires both radiative and collisional rates to describe the rotational populations under the usual conditions in interstellar clouds where LTE conditions do not apply. To compute the intermolecular interaction between CH3SH and H2, the explicitly correlated CCSD(T)-F12a coupled-cluster method which utilized a correlation-consistent aug-cc-pVTZ basis was employed. The computed energies were fit to a functional form suitable for use in scattering calculations. Rate coefficients were calculated over the temperature range from 5 to 100 K for transitions between the 110 lowest CH3SH rotational levels (having energies less than 107 cm−1 (ca. 150 K) within both the A-type and E-type manifolds caused by collisions with para- and ortho-H2. The rate coefficients were obtained through time-independent quantum close coupling quantum scattering calculations utilizing the calculated PES.

Process Intensification via Structured Catalysts: Production of Sugar Alcohols

AbstractWith the aid of structured catalysts and reactors, such as monoliths, solid foams, and 3D printed structures, the limitations of conventional slurry and packed‐bed reactors can be surmounted. Multiphase mathematical models were presented for solid foam structures and the models were verified for the hydrogenation of arabinose, galactose, and xylose to the corresponding sugar alcohols. High product selectivities were obtained in batch and continuous experiments. Three kinetic models were considered: a competitive adsorption model, a semi‐competitive adsorption model as well as a non‐competitive adsorption model for sugar monomers and hydrogen. The models gave a good reproduction of the data, but the semi‐competitive adsorption model was the most plausible one because of the size difference between adsorbed sugar and hydrogen molecules.

Reactive scattering of H2 on Cu(111) at 925K: Effective Hartree potential vs sudden approximation.

We present new quantum dynamical results for the reactive scattering of hydrogen molecules from a Cu(111) surface at a surface temperature of 925K. Reaction, scattering, and diffraction probabilities are compared for results obtained using both an effective Hartree potential (EfHP) and a sudden approximation approach, implemented through the static corrugation model (SCM), to include surface temperature effects. Toward this goal, we show how the SRP48 DFT-functional and an embedded atom potential perform when used to calculate copper lattice constants and thermal expansion coefficients based on lattice dynamics calculations within the quasi-harmonic approximation. The so-calculated phonons are then used in the EfHP approach to replace the normal modes of a fictitious copper cluster used in earlier work. We find that both the EfHP and SCM approaches correctly predict the reaction probability curve broadening effect when the surface temperature is increased. Similarly, results for rovibrationally elastic scattering appear to be improved, predominantly for the SCM model. The behavior of the EfHP results appears to remain much closer to that of a Born-Oppenheimer static surface approach, which excludes any surface temperature effects. Finally, for the diffraction, we show very clear attenuation effects for the SCM approach, significantly decreasing specular diffraction probabilities at 925K surface temperature. These results demonstrate that state-of-the-art theoretical models are able to reproduce strictly quantum mechanical scattering effects with a sudden approximation model and open up interesting opportunities for further comparisons to experimental diffraction results.

Temperature correction of near-infrared spectra of raw milk

Accurate milk composition analysis is crucial for improving product quality, economic efficiency, and animal health in the dairy industry. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy can quantify milk composition quickly and nondestructively. However, external factors, such as temperature fluctuations, can alter the molecular vibrations and hydrogen bonding in milk, altering the NIR spectra and leading to errors in predicting key constituents such as fat, protein, and lactose. This study compares the effectiveness of Piecewise Direct Standardization (PDS), Continuous PDS (CPDS), External Parameter Orthogonalization (EPO), and Dynamic Orthogonal Projection (DOP in correcting the impact of temperature-induced variations on predictions in milk long-wave NIR spectra (LW-NIR, 1000–1700 nm).A total of 270 raw milk samples were analyzed, collecting both reflectance and transmittance spectra at five different temperatures (20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, and 40 °C). The experimental setup ensured precise temperature control and accurate spectral measurements. PLSR models were calibrated at 30 °C to predict milk fat, protein, and lactose content. The performance of these models was assessed before and after applying the temperature correction methods, with a primary focus on reflectance spectra.Results indicate that EPO and DOP significantly enhance model robustness and prediction accuracy across all temperatures, outperforming PDS and CPDS, especially for lactose prediction. These orthogonalization methods were compared against PLSR models calibrated with spectra from all temperatures. EPO and DOP showed comparable or superior performance, highlighting their effectiveness without requiring extensive temperature-specific calibration data. These findings suggest that orthogonalization methods are particularly suitable for in-line milk quality measurements under farm conditions where temperature control is challenging. This study highlights the potential of advanced chemometric techniques to improve real-time, on-farm milk composition analysis, facilitating better farm management and enhanced dairy product quality.

Solar Fuel Synthesis Using a Semiartificial Colloidal Z-Scheme.

The integration of enzymes with semiconductor light absorbers in semiartificial photosynthetic assemblies offers an emerging strategy for solar fuel production. However, such colloidal biohybrid systems rely currently on sacrificial reagents, and semiconductor-enzyme powder systems that couple fuel production to water oxidation are therefore needed to mimic an overall photosynthetic reaction. Here, we present a Z-scheme colloidal enzyme system that produces fuel with electrons sourced from water. This "closed-cycle" semiartificial approach utilizes particulate SrTiO3:La,Rh and BiVO4:Mo (light absorbers), hydrogenase or formate dehydrogenase (cocatalyst), and a molecular cobalt complex (a redox mediator). Under simulated solar irradiation, this system continuously generates molecular hydrogen or formate, while co-producing molecular oxygen for 10 h using only sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide as inputs. In-depth analysis using quartz crystal microbalance, photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy, transient photocurrent spectroscopy, and intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy provides mechanistic understanding and characterization of the semiconductor-enzyme hybrid interface. This study provides a rational platform to assemble functional semiartificial colloidal Z-scheme systems for solar fuel synthesis.

Inhalation of H2/O2 (66.7 %/33.3 %) mitigates depression-like behaviors in diabetes mellitus complicated with depression mice via suppressing inflammation and preventing hippocampal damage

Diabetes mellitus complicated with depression (DD) is a prevalent psychosomatic disorder. It is characterized by severe cognitive impairment, and associated with high rates of disability and mortality. Although conventional treatment options are available, the efficacy of these regimens in managing DD remains limited. Molecular hydrogen (H2), a selective hydroxyl radical scavenger, has shown therapeutic potential in the treatment of various systemic diseases. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of H2 on DD. A DD mouse model was established through intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 150 mg/kg) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.5 mg/kg). Following the induction of DD, the mice were treated with H2/O2 (66.7 %/33.3 %)inhalation for 7 days. Behavioral assessments were conducted by standard behavioral tests, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood serum and hippocampal tissue were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and immunofluorescence staining of the hippocampus were performed to evaluate hippocampal structural integrity. The results demonstrated that inhalation of H2/O2 (66.7 %/33.3 %) significantly ameliorated depressive behaviors and symptoms in DD mice, reversed hippocampal volume reduction, decreased inflammatory cytokine levels in peripheral blood serum and hippocampal tissue, and inhibited the activation of A1 astrocytes in the hippocampus. Our study suggests that H2/O2 (66.7 %/33.3 %) inhalation therapy may offer a promising treatment strategy for DD and its associated symptoms.

The Role of Mast Cells in the Remodeling Effects of Molecular Hydrogen on the Lung Local Tissue Microenvironment under Simulated Pulmonary Hypertension

Molecular hydrogen (H2) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic effects. In a rat model simulating pulmonary fibrotic changes induced by monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension (MPH), we had previously explored the impact of inhaled H2 on lung inflammation and blood pressure. In this study, we further focused the biological effects of H2 on mast cells (MCs) and the parameters of the fibrotic phenotype of the local tissue microenvironment. MPH resulted in a significantly increased number of MCs in both the pneumatic and respiratory parts of the lungs, an increased number of tryptase-positive MCs with increased expression of TGF-β, activated interaction with immunocompetent cells (macrophages and plasma cells) and fibroblasts, and increased MC colocalization with a fibrous component of the extracellular matrix of connective tissue. The alteration in the properties of the MC population occurred together with intensified collagen fibrillogenesis and an increase in the integral volume of collagen and elastic fibers of the extracellular matrix of the pulmonary connective tissue. The exposure of H2 together with monocrotaline (MCT), despite individual differences between animals, tended to decrease the intrapulmonary MC population and the severity of the fibrotic phenotype of the local tissue microenvironment compared to changes in animals exposed to the MCT effect alone. In addition, the activity of collagen fibrillogenesis associated with MCs and the expression of TGF-β and tryptase in MCs decreased, accompanied by a reduction in the absolute and relative content of reticular and elastic fibers in the lung stroma. Thus, with MCT exposure, inhaled H2 has antifibrotic effects involving MCs in the lungs of rats. This reveals the unknown development mechanisms of the biological effects of H2 on the remodeling features of the extracellular matrix under inflammatory background conditions of the tissue microenvironment.

Ti-decorated B-doped biphenylene: A hydrogen storage sponge at room temperature

It has always been a difficult problem to design Kubas-type hydrogen storage materials that make hydrogen molecules activate but do not dissociate. Density functional theory calculations confirm that Ti decorated B-doped biphenylene is the first two-dimensional room-temperature hydrogen storage sponge reported so far. The hydrogen adsorption energy of Ti-decorated B-doped biphenylene is in the range of −0.29 ∼ −0.51 eV with hydrogen storage capacity is 6.58–9.13 wt%. What's very interesting and exciting is that the Kubas interaction between Ti sites and H2 can be regulated by changing the electron occupation state of the dx2-y2 orbitals of Ti, and this regulation can be realized through the uniaxial lattice strain in the XOY plane. The average hydrogen adsorption energy of tensile Ti-decorated B-doped biphenylene ranges between −0.34 ∼ −0.66 eV, while −0.22 ∼ −0.48 eV for compressed one. This process makes the reversible hydrogen storage as simple and feasible as a sponge absorbing water. This study provides clear structural for the transformation mechanism to form a folded structure and also provides an important precedent model.

An Orbital Basis Set for Double Photoionization of Atoms and Molecules.

The ab initio theoretical treatment of one-photon double photoionization processes has been limited to atoms and diatomic molecules by the challenges posed by large grid-based representations of the double ionized continuum wave function. To provide a path for extensions to polyatomics, an energy-adapted orbital basis approach is demonstrated that reduces the dimensions of such representations and simultaneously allows larger time steps in time-dependent computational descriptions of double ionization. Additionally, an algorithm that exploits the diagonal nature of the two-electron integrals in the grid basis and dramatically accelerates the transformation between grid and orbital representations is presented. Excellent agreement between the present results and benchmark theoretical calculations is found for H- and Be atoms, as well as the hydrogen molecule, including for the triply differential cross sections that relate the angular distribution and energy sharing of all of the particles in the molecular frame.

Efficacy and safety of inhaled molecular hydrogen therapy in patients with respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation in post-COVID period

Molecular hydrogen (H2) is a powerful antioxidant and anti-apoptotic agent. H2 has been studied in a number of clinical studies in the recent years.The aim of this research was to investigate the efficacy and safety of H2 inhalation therapy in patients with hypoxemic and hypercapnic respiratory failure (RF) against exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the post-COVID (Corona Virus Disease 2019) period.Methods. The randomized prospective parallel comparative study included patients (n = 60: 40 men aged 71.2 ± 1.8 years, 20 women aged 70.9 ± 2.8 years) with a post-COVID-19 exacerbation of COPD complicated by hypoxemic/hypercapnic RF. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (main) (n = 30: 18 men, 12 women), group 2 (control) (n = 30: 18 men, 12 women). To maintain arterial blood saturation ≥ 90 %, patients in both groups received respiratory support (non-invasive ventilation) using the Prisma 25ST device (Lowenstein Medical, Germany) in the BiPAP S/T mode (BiLevel Positive Airway Pressure Spontaneous/Time spontaneous/forced mode 20–24/4–6 cm H2O and O2, respectively; the fractional oxygen concentration in the inhaled gas mixture was ≥ 24%). In addition to standard treatment, patients in the main group received additional H2 therapy (Suisonia device, Japan) through a nasal cannula for 90 minutes daily for 14 days.Results. In patients of the main group, a decrease in the stiffness index was detected from 14.6 ± 1.2 to 6.2 ± 0.6 m/s, and the arterial blood lactate level – from 2.84 ± 0.1 to 0.02 ± 0.1 mmol/l (p &lt; 0.001), the calculated shunt fraction Qs/Qt (venous admixture) – from 27.21 ± 3.4 to 7.14 ± 1.23 (p &lt; 0.01) and an increase in the following parameters: reflection index – from 42.2 ± 2.0 to 66.2 ± 4.9% (p &lt; 0.05), virus-specific IgG level – from 134 ± 125 to 669 ± 164 (p &lt; 0. 05), blood flow velocity in arterioles – from 473 ± 108 to 868 ± 64 μm/s (p &lt; 0.05), blood flow velocity in venules – from 299 ± 56 to 862 ± 69 μm/s (p &lt; 0.05), the 6-minute walk distance – from 57.1 ± 4.4 to 328.9 ± 33.7 m (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion. H2 inhalations were safe and increased the therapeutic effect when added to standard therapy for patients with hypoxemic and hypercapnic RF during exacerbation of COPD in the post-COVID period.

Editorial: Recent knowledge on the applications of molecular hydrogen in plant physiology, crop production, and food processing

Editorial: Recent knowledge on the applications of molecular hydrogen in plant physiology, crop production, and food processing