Hydraulic Res Research Articles

Closure to “Numerical investigation of air demand by the free surface tunnel flows” by WANGRU WEI, JUN DENG and WEILIN XU, J. Hydraulic Res. 59(1), 2021, 158–165, https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2020.1744747

Closure to “Numerical investigation of air demand by the free surface tunnel flows” by WANGRU WEI, JUN DENG and WEILIN XU, J. Hydraulic Res. 59(1), 2021, 158–165, https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2020.1744747

Closure to “Influence of erosion on piping in terms of field conditions” by GIJS HOFFMANS, J. Hydraulic Res. 59(3), 512–522. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2020.1786741

Closure to “Influence of erosion on piping in terms of field conditions” by GIJS HOFFMANS, J. Hydraulic Res. 59(3), 512–522. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2020.1786741

Influence of erosion on piping in terms of field conditions By G. Hoffmans, J. Hydraulic Res. 59(3), 512–522. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2020.1786741

Influence of erosion on piping in terms of field conditions By G. Hoffmans, J. Hydraulic Res. 59(3), 512–522. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2020.1786741

Closure to “Flow condition identification and discharge calibration for submerged radial gates” by YONGXIN GUO, XINLEI GUO, YISEN WANG, TAO WANG, HUI FU and JIAZHEN LI, J. Hydraulic Res. 59(4), 2021, 683–690 https://doi.org.10.1080/00221686.2020.1818305.

"Closure to “Flow condition identification and discharge calibration for submerged radial gates” by YONGXIN GUO, XINLEI GUO, YISEN WANG, TAO WANG, HUI FU and JIAZHEN LI, J. Hydraulic Res. 59(4), 2021, 683–690 https://doi.org.10.1080/00221686.2020.1818305.." Journal of Hydraulic Research, 60(6), pp. 1012–1013

A study on spatial variation of water flow at confluence connected to non-orthogonal channels

Most studies on the flood flow characteristics at a confluence focus on channels connected orthogonally or at right angle, but studies on non-orthogonally connected channels remain limited. In this study, hydraulic-model experiments and numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the spatial variation of water flow in and around a confluence connected to non-orthogonal channels. Comparison of the measured and simulated water depth distributions in and around the confluence indicates that the results are in relatively good agreement. In the experiment where the angle between two upstream channels is 45°, the water flow pattern in and around the confluence corresponds approximately to Type I proposed by (Mignot et al. J Hydraul Res 46:723–738, 2008). However, it was found that there is no any flow type to correspond to the water flow pattern measured in the case of the angle of 135°. For analyzing the variation of the water depth in and around the confluence with inflow, numerical simulation is performed by setting the inflow ratio of the two inlet channels to one, three, and six, respectively.

Large eddy simulation of sediment transport in high flow intensity by discrete particle method By B. ZHANG, B. WU, S. LI and Y. SHI, J. Hydraulic Res. 59(4), 2020, 605–620, https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2020.1818306

Large eddy simulation of sediment transport in high flow intensity by discrete particle method By B. ZHANG, B. WU, S. LI and Y. SHI, J. Hydraulic Res. 59(4), 2020, 605–620, https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2020.1818306

Closure on discussion Experimental study on the 3D-flow of a freesurface vortex using stereo PIV

Closure to “Experimental study on the 3D-flow field of a free-surface vortex using stereo PIV” by ALEX DUINMEIJER, GOSSE OLDENZIEL and FRANCOIS CLEMENS, J. Hydraulic Res. 58(1), 2020, 105–119, http...

Comparison between hydrostatic and total pressure simulations of dam-break flows By LEONARDO R. MONTEIRO, LUÍSA V. LUCCHESE and EDITH B. C. SCHETTINI, J. Hydraulic Res. 58(5), 725–737

The Authors presented an interesting comparison of 3D Navier–Stokes solvers for dam-break-like flows using two different modules for the pressure, one that calculates a total pressure solving a Poi...

Elimination of vortices by wave generation as a hydraulic anti-vortex method

Free-surface vortex formation is one of the undesirable hydraulic phenomena that may occur at intakes during the dewatering reservoir. This research is meant to investigate the effect of waves on formed vortices in vertical intakes numerically by applying STAR-CCM + software. The simulation was conducted to model the free surface and turbulence by volume of fluid and large eddy simulation methods, respectively. Sensitivity analysis was undertaken on different mesh sizes to select appropriate mesh dimensions. Then, verification was performed by Sun and Liu (J Hydraul Res 53:787–796, 2015) experimental data. Results showed that waves reduce or eliminate hydraulic parameters of the formed vortices such as vortex strength, tangential, radial, and axial velocity components. The reduction appeared by average values of 32%, 30%, 22%, and 25% in vortex strength, tangential, radial, and axial velocity components, respectively. Waves also led to decrement in the length and diameter of air-core of vortices about 45% for the former and more than 50% for the latter. In addition, it was concluded that the smaller the waves, the greater their effects would appear on the elimination of the vortex phenomenon. Finally, a relationship between the wave properties, as a hydraulic approach to anti-vortex, and vortex parameters was developed.

A Numerical Investigation of Gap and Shape Effects on a 2D Plunger-Type Wave Maker

The installation of plunger-type wave makers in experimental tanks will generally include a gap between the back of the wedge and the wall of the tank. In this study, we analyze the influence of this gap on the wave making performance of the plunger using two-dimensional (2D) CFD calculations for a range of nearly linear wave conditions and compare the results with both experimental measurements and linear potential flow theory. Three wedge-shaped profiles, all with the same submerged volume, are considered. Moreover, the generated waves are compared with the predictions of linear potential flow theory. The calculations are made using the commercial ANSYS FLUENT finite-volume code with dynamic meshes to solve the Navier–Stokes equations and the volume of fluid scheme to capture the air–water interface. Furthermore, the linear potential flow solution of Wu (J Hydraul Res 26:481–493, 1988) is extended to consider an arbitrary profile and serve as a reference solution. The amplitude ratios of the generated waves predicted by the CFD calculations compare well with the predictions of linear potential flow theory for a simple wedge, indicating that viscous effects do not influence this ratio for small-amplitude motions in 2D. By contrast, significant higher harmonic components are produced by larger amplitude motions. Also, the simple wedge is found to produce the smallest spurious higher harmonic content in the far-field wave.

Comparison of two-dimensional flood propagation models: SRH-2D and Hydro_AS-2D

This article presents a comparison between two two-dimensional finite volume flood propagation models: SRH-2D and Hydro_AS-2D. The models are compared using an experimental dam-break test case provided by Soares-Frazao (J Hydraul Res, 2007. doi: 10.1080/00221686.2007.9521829). Four progressively refined meshes are used, and both models react adequately to mesh and time step refinement. Hydro_AS-2D shows some unphysical oscillations with the finest mesh and a certain loss of accuracy. For that test case, Hydro_AS-2D is more accurate for all meshes and generally faster than SRH-2D. Hydro_AS-2D reacts well to automatic calibration with PEST, whereas SRH-2D has some difficulties in retrieving the suggested Manning’s roughness coefficient.

Closure to “Impact of sediment transport formulations on breaching modelling” by S. VAN EMELEN, Y. ZECH and S. SOARES-FRAZÃO, J. Hydraulic Res. 53(1), 2015, 60−72

Closure to “Impact of sediment transport formulations on breaching modelling” by S. VAN EMELEN, Y. ZECH and S. SOARES-FRAZÃO, J. Hydraulic Res. 53(1), 2015, 60−72

Impact of sediment transport formulations on breaching modelling By S. VAN EMELEN, Y. ZECH and S. SOARES-FRAZÃO, J. Hydraulic Res. 53(1), 2015, 60–72

The Authors analysed the ability of a shallow-water−Exner model to simulate plane and spatial dyke breaches by using various sediment transport formulations. Their results were compared with experi...

Closure to “Experimental determination of free surface levels at open-channel junctions” by MARCIA MARIA LARA PINTO COELHO, J. Hydraulic Res. 53(3), 2015, 394–399

"Closure to “Experimental determination of free surface levels at open-channel junctions” by MARCIA MARIA LARA PINTO COELHO, J. Hydraulic Res. 53(3), 2015, 394–399." Journal of Hydraulic Research, 54(2), pp. 230–231

Closure to “Trajectories and air flow features of ski jump generated jets” by MICHAEL PFISTER, WILLI H. HAGER and ROBERT M. BOES, J. Hydraulic Res. 52(3), 2014, 336–346

"Closure to “Trajectories and air flow features of ski jump generated jets” by MICHAEL PFISTER, WILLI H. HAGER and ROBERT M. BOES, J. Hydraulic Res. 52(3), 2014, 336–346." Journal of Hydraulic Research, 54(2), p. 247

Closure to “On analytical formulae for navigation lock filling-emptying and overtravel” by LAURENT SCHINDFESSEL, TOM DE MULDER, STEPHAN CREELLE and GERALD A. SCHOHL, J. Hydraulic Res. 53(1), 2015, 134–148

In the original paper, approximate explicit formulae were proposed for the following dimensionless quantities: the filling time , the amplitude and time of the first overtravel peak, as well as the frequency of the chamber surface oscillations around the equalization level. For several reasons, the Authors only discussed the first overtravel peak: (i) conciseness; (ii) the increasing difficulty of experimentally validating gradually smaller water surface deviations of subsequent extremes; and (iii) the changing oscillation period during the overtravel due to the nonlinear damping. Therefore, the frequency was defined in Eq. (13) to be only representative for the first overtravel peak.

Closure to “Variable Shields number model for river bankfull geometry: bankfull shear velocity is viscosity-dependent but grain size-independent” by CHUAN LI, MATTHEW J. CZAPIGA, ESTHER C. EKE, ENRICA VIPARELLI, and GARY PARKER, J. Hydraulic Res. 53(1), 2015, 36–48

Closure to “Variable Shields number model for river bankfull geometry: bankfull shear velocity is viscosity-dependent but grain size-independent” by CHUAN LI, MATTHEW J. CZAPIGA, ESTHER C. EKE, ENRICA VIPARELLI, and GARY PARKER, J. Hydraulic Res. 53(1), 2015, 36–48

Closure to “Experimental parametric study and design of Piano Key Weirs” by O. MACHIELS, M. PIROTTON, P. ARCHAMBEAU, B. DEWALS and S. ERPICUM, J. Hydraulic Res. 52(3), 2014, 326–335

"Closure to “Experimental parametric study and design of Piano Key Weirs” by O. MACHIELS, M. PIROTTON, P. ARCHAMBEAU, B. DEWALS and S. ERPICUM, J. Hydraulic Res. 52(3), 2014, 326–335." Journal of Hydraulic Research, 53(4), p. 545

Closure to “New criterion for the stability of a human body in floodwaters” by J. XIA, R.A. FALCONER, Y. WANG and X. XIAO, J. Hydraulic Res. 52(1), 2014, 93–104

"Closure to “New criterion for the stability of a human body in floodwaters” by J. XIA, R.A. FALCONER, Y. WANG and X. XIAO, J. Hydraulic Res. 52(1), 2014, 93–104." Journal of Hydraulic Research, 53(4), p. 542

Bedload transport for heterogeneous sediments

A large panel of instruments was deployed in the Eastern English Channel to measure the evolution of bedload fluxes during a tidal cycle for two different sites. The first one was characterized by a sandy bed with a low dispersion in size while the other study site implied graded sediments with grain sizes ranging from fine sands to granules. The in situ results obtained were compared with predictions of total bedload fluxes by classical models. A good agreement was found for homogeneous sediments with these formulas. In the case of size heterogeneous sediments, a fractionwise approach, involving a hiding-exposure coefficient and a hindrance factor, provided better predictions of bedload fluxes, but still some discrepancies were noticed. Present results revealed that the consideration of particle shape in formulas through the circularity index enhanced the estimations of bedload transport rates. A new adjustment of Wu et al.’s (J Hydraul Res 38:427–434, 2000) formula was proposed and a very good agreement was obtained between the measured and predicted values.