Hybrid Wireless Mesh Networks Research Articles

Channel allocation optimization algorithm for hybrid wireless mesh networks for information physical fusion system

Reasonable channel selection and allocation is the basis and premise of fair routing protocol design in information physical fusion system. In this paper, a channel allocation optimization algorithm for hybrid wireless mesh networks is proposed for the information physical fusion system. A new channel allocation model is designed, which uses greedy algorithm to select the channel with the least interference for the wireless network link. Based on the spatiotemporal multi interface and multi-channel allocation optimization algorithm, a joint channel allocation algorithm based on greedy algorithm is proposed in this paper. The communication between nodes is artificially divided into continuous sub time periods, but the communication between nodes cannot be guaranteed to exist in a certain period of time. The communication lines between nodes can be determined to avoid the shortcoming because the shortest path is used as the index to allocate the communication path.

WITHDRAWN: Efficient channel assignment technique and congestion aware routing in hybrid Wireless Mesh network

Abstract For multi-radio multi-channel remote work systems (WMNs), the joint channel task and steering issue has been demonstrated to be NP-finished. In this paper, we first utilize a rate-variable model to build the system through yield, which utilize the physical obstruction model that can assess the limit all the more absolutely. We propose a semi breed multichannel multi-radio remote work organizing engineering, where each work hub has both stationary and vibrant interfaces. We first present a vocation Load based Channel Allocation conspire which thinks about advancement for both throughput and postponement in the channel task. Alongside that we likewise proposed a bottleneck Aware Routing in the crossover coordinates with both static and dynamic connections, which adjusts the direct utilization in the system.

Analysis of Routing and Secure Routing in Hybrid Wireless Mesh Networks

Analysis of Routing and Secure Routing in Hybrid Wireless Mesh Networks

Quality of Service (Qos) Neighbor Routing In Grid and Triangular Mesh Topologies of Wireless Mesh Network

Quality of Service routing is constructing a route with enough resources for the QoS parameters. The routing protocols play a crucial part in providing quality service for Wireless Mesh Network (WMN). In this paper, the existing AODV protocol is enhanced to provide QoS in routing the packets as it may lead to node failure, congestion due to loss of energy and increased queue length. In the route construction process, initially the protocol focus on selecting a best forwarding node based on the node’s maximum net energy. Second, AODV is enhanced to construct a route by selecting a forwarding neighbor based on minimum queue length. Finally, the EEQ-AODV (Efficient Energy and Queue AODV) protocol selects the efficient path based on energy and queue length factors. The above mentioned tasks have been analyzed in Grid and Triangular Mesh topologies of Hybrid WMN architecture by considering the metrics Packet Delivery Ratio(PDR), dropped packets, average end-end delay, routing overhead and average throughput using NS-2. EEQ-AODV protocol is analyzed with the metrics energy consumed/packet and lifetime of the network.

Performance Analysis on Hybrid Wireless Mesh Network Topology using Interference Aware Bandwidth Reservation

Ubiquitous of modern era which utilises Hybrid Wireless Mesh Network (HWMN) topology which gave birth to ample of modern application which demands reliability, fault tolerance and scalability. HWSN topology utilises minimum of two or multiple standard network architectural topologies, in a fashion that the resultant network architecture doesn’t depict any particular topologies like bus, star or ring but as a combination of any of those standard topologies. Prime motive of the proposed Optimised Channel Assignment Algorithm (OCSA) is which focuses on priority oriented interference minimization for all the trees which are existed, and constraint in terms of delay for evolving tree addition. Interference Aware Bandwidth Reservation (IABR) provides controllability over data flow admission for end-to-end optimal bandwidth accommodation in Multi-Radio Multi-Channel (MRMC) wireless mesh network. Proposed Priority Based Interference Aware Bandwidth Reservation (PBIABR) utilises disseminated and polynomial-time heuristic oriented assignment in channel to minimize interference in WMN with the awareness of channel priority as a primary consideration. Interference and Priority of the channel are made indirectly proportional to each other. For the channel of high priority the path which has low interference is opted. In PBIABR the whole path delay constraint of tree is sub organised into multiple node, based on delay to identify the best node which embodies minimal interference. Dominant Performance Parameters (DPP) like Throughput, Packet Size, Propagation Interval and Average Energy under HWSN Scenario. All the DPP parameters are analysed for multiple flow parameters for Interference Aware Bandwidth Reservation (IABR) and Proposed Priority Based Interference Aware Bandwidth Reservation (PBIABR) conditions. Simulation results have been captured using Network Simulator 2 tools for HWSN creation and crafted to same readings as a graph for deep analysis. The proposed simulation results for hybrid scenario highlights a considerable performance hike for the performance parameters like Throughput (bps) vs Packet size (bytes), Average Energy (joule) vs Interval (sec) and Residual Energy (joule) vs Interval (sec) under PBIABR conditions compared with IABR simulation outcome. The results have been analysed for comparative study of each parameter deeply. Inference from the comparative analysis highlights the performance parameters of PBIABR is efficient than IABR.

Fuzzy-logic-based data-differentiated service supported routing protocol for emergency communication networks in underground mines

Hybrid wireless mesh networks are suitable to construct emergency communication networks after disasters in underground mines. The routing decision in emergency scene is more difficult to give an accurate mathematical description due to the constraints of various data types, different data transmission requirements, and multi-parameters. Based on the fuzzy decision theory, this article has proposed a fuzzy-logic-based data-differentiated service supported routing protocol. Through the use of the adaptive fuzzy decision system, fuzzy-logic-based data-differentiated service supported routing protocol can provide data-differentiated services and make optimized routing decisions to satisfy the transmission requirements of different data types. In addition, a path soft handoff strategy has been proposed to maintain continuous data transmission when the path quality deteriorates. Based on NS2, we set three transmission scenarios (transmitting emergency data, regular data, or mixed data) to test the performances of fuzzy-logic-based data-differentiated service supported routing protocol, ad hoc on-demand distance vector, FUZZY-ad hoc on-demand distance vector, and multi-criteria routing metric. The results show that the fuzzy-logic-based data-differentiated service supported routing protocol has a higher delivery ratio and lower end-to-end delay when transmitting emergency data. When transmitting regular data, fuzzy-logic-based data-differentiated service supported routing protocol has achieved higher throughput and longer network lifetime than that of similar algorithms.

Regional condition-aware hybrid routing protocol for hybrid wireless mesh network

A proper routing protocol can improve the performance of whole network dramatically. Due to the character of hybrid wireless mesh network, hybrid routing protocol combining both proactive and reactive routing protocols suits hybrid wireless mesh network well. However, existing research of hybrid routing protocol is quite few, and mesh routers may be used unreasonably during the process of mesh clients accessing mesh routers. Besides, the condition of whole path and regional condition of mesh nodes is neglected. This paper proposes a regional condition-aware hybrid routing protocol (RCA-HRP). In RCA-HRP, regional conditions of mesh routers and mesh clients are considered respectively. Furthermore, the state of whole proactive path is taken into account to make the access process more effective, and gateway- and client-oriented traffic is taken into consideration comprehensively. The simulation results by ns-3 show the strengths of RCA-HRP in terms of average throughput, latency, and packet loss rate.

Routing algorithm for supporting data-differentiated service in hybrid wireless mesh networks in underground mines

Hybrid wireless mesh networks are more suitable to tunnels in underground mines because mesh clients can perform the routing functionality and provide end-user applications. Types of data transmitted among hybrid wireless mesh networks in underground mines are diverse and power supply of clients is limited. Using virtual potential field, a routing algorithm is proposed to support data-differentiated service in hybrid wireless mesh networks. Based on network parameters, the hybrid wireless mesh networks are abstracted as potential fields. The hop count is used to build the depth potential field. The residual energy of nodes is converted into penalty factor to symbolize the used buffer spaces of nodes, which is used to construct resource potential field to support different types of data. According to the different demands of data transmission, the proportion of these two potential fields is adjusted by a regulatory factor to form a hybrid potential field. The data packets are driven to move toward the gateway in the hybrid potential field at the same time to achieve high quality of service. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed routing algorithm has shown better performance on end-to-end delay, delivery ratio, and network lifetime, compared with similar algorithms.

Physarum-inspired multi-parameter adaptive routing protocol for coal mine hybrid wireless mesh networks

Hybrid wireless mesh networks are suitable for complex environment communication in coal mine. Mesh clients with application service and routing function in hybrid wireless mesh networks can form a highly robust hybrid network with mesh routers. The processes of nutrient flux transfer and path choice in Physarum network are similar to data transmission and routing selection in hybrid wireless mesh networks. In this article, we use Physarum-inspired autonomic optimization model to design a Physarum-inspired multi-parameter adaptive routing protocol to improve the service quality of coal mine hybrid wireless mesh networks. Physarum-inspired multi-parameter adaptive routing protocol has achieved distributed routing decision by drawing the hybrid wireless mesh network parameters into Poisson’s equation of Physarum-inspired autonomic optimization model to measure the quality of link and implements two adjustment strategies to make the protocol more adaptive. The resource-dependent adjustment, which considers the irreversible energy consumption and recoverable buffer occupation, makes the energy consumption problem prominent when there is a lack of energy. The position-dependent adjustment makes routing decision efficient according to the load of different positions, which is caused by many-to-one data transmission model in coal mine. Based on NS2, simulation experiments are performed to evaluate the performance of Physarum-inspired multi-parameter adaptive routing protocol, and the results are compared with those of ad hoc on-demand distance vector, HOPNET, ANT-DSR, and Physarum-inspired routing protocols. The experimental results show that the route path selected by Physarum-inspired multi-parameter adaptive routing protocol is better than those selected by the other four protocols in the performance of average end-to-end delay and delivery ratio. The balance of energy consumption and network load is achieved and the network lifetime is effectively prolonged when using Physarum-inspired multi-parameter adaptive routing protocol.

Performance analysis of WMNs by WMN-GA simulation system for two WMN architectures and different TCP congestion-avoidance algorithms and client distributions

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of two wireless mesh networks (WMNs) architectures considering packet delivery ratio (PDR), throughput, delay and fairness index metrics. For simulations, we used ns-3, distributed coordination function (DCF) and optimised link state routing (OLSR). We compare the performance of transmission control protocol (TCP) Tahoe, Reno and NewReno for normal and uniform distributions of mesh clients by sending multiple constant bit rate (CBR) flows in the network. The simulation results show that the PDR for both distributions and architectures is almost the same, but the PDR of I/B WMN for uniform distribution is a little bit higher than normal distribution. For both WMN architectures, the throughput of normal distribution is better than uniform distribution. The delay of Tahoe is a little bit lower compared with other algorithms for normal distribution and Hybrid WMN, but in case of uniform distribution, the NewReno performs better than other algorithms for both architectures. The fairness index of normal distribution is higher than uniform distribution.

Performance analysis of two WMN architectures by WMN-GA simulation system considering different distributions and transmission rates

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of two Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) architectures considering throughput, delay and fairness index metrics. For simulations, we used a Genetic Algorithm (GA)-based simulation system (called WMN-GA) and ns-3. We compare the performance for two architectures considering normal and uniform distributions, different transmission rates and OLSR protocol. The simulation results show that the throughput and delay are increased, but the fairness index is decreased with increasing of transmission rate. The throughput of Hybrid WMN is higher than Infrastructure/Backbone (I/B) WMN. But, the delay of I/B WMN is higher than Hybrid WMN for normal distribution. The fairness index of normal distribution is higher than uniform distribution.

Performance analysis of two WMN architectures by WMN-GA simulation system considering different distributions and transmission rates

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of two Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) architectures considering throughput, delay and fairness index metrics. For simulations, we used a Genetic Algorithm (GA)-based simulation system (called WMN-GA) and ns-3. We compare the performance for two architectures considering normal and uniform distributions, different transmission rates and OLSR protocol. The simulation results show that the throughput and delay are increased, but the fairness index is decreased with increasing of transmission rate. The throughput of Hybrid WMN is higher than Infrastructure/Backbone (I/B) WMN. But, the delay of I/B WMN is higher than Hybrid WMN for normal distribution. The fairness index of normal distribution is higher than uniform distribution.

Performance analysis of different architectures and TCP congestion-avoidance algorithms using WMN-GA simulation system

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of two Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) architectures considering throughput, delay, jitter and fairness index metrics. For simulations, we used ns-3, Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR). We compare the performance of WMN for different Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): Tahoe, Reno and NewReno considering normal and uniform distributions of mesh clients by sending multiple Constant Bit Rate (CBR) flows in the network. The simulation results show that for normal and uniform distributions and both WMN architectures, the PDR values are almost the same. For Hybrid WMN, the throughput of TCP NewReno is good, but for I/B WMN, the throughput of TCP Tahoe is higher than other algorithms. For normal distribution, the delay and jitter of I/B WMN are lower compared with Hybrid WMN, while for uniform distribution, the delay and jitter of TCP NewReno are a little bit lower compared with other algorithms. The fairness index of normal distribution is higher than uniform distribution.

Load-aware cooperative hybrid routing protocol in hybrid wireless mesh networks

Hybrid wireless mesh networks (WMNs) combine the advantages of infrastructure and client mesh networks. Hybrid routing protocols which are the most adaptive types of routing protocols for hybrid WMNs all neglect load condition up till now. This paper proposes a load-aware cooperative hybrid routing protocol (LA-CHRP). LA-CHRP is not only adapted to cover the peculiarities of routers and clients, but also considers load in routing. Different load levels are set for mesh routers and clients respectively. Gateway and client oriented traffic are handled differently. For the former, in the cooperative mechanism, mesh routers can be used more reasonably by considering the load levels. For the latter, node-aware routing metric is used to choose mesh routers in priority, and state of load is also considered for mesh clients. When the energy is adequate, clients with less load are chosen to transport packets. The simulation results indicate that LA-CHRP can achieve high throughput with low latency and packet loss rate in hybrid WMNs.

A GA-based simulation system for WMNs: comparison analysis for different number of flows, client distributions, DCF and EDCA functions

In this paper, we compare the performance of Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) and Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) for normal and uniform distributions of mesh clients considering two Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) architectures. As evaluation metrics, we consider throughput, delay, jitter and fairness index metrics. For simulations, we used WMN-GA simulation system, ns-3 and Optimized Link State Routing. The simulation results show that for normal distribution, the throughput of I/B WMN is higher than Hybrid WMN architecture. For uniform distribution, in case of I/B WMN, the throughput of EDCA is a little bit higher than Hybrid WMN. However, for Hybrid WMN, the throughput of DCF is higher than EDCA. For normal distribution, the delay and jitter of Hybrid WMN are lower compared with I/B WMN. For uniform distribution, the delay and jitter of both architectures are almost the same. However, in the case of DCF for 20 flows, the delay and jitter of I/B WMN are lower compared with Hybrid WMN. For I/B architecture, in case of normal distribution the fairness index of DCF is higher than EDCA. However, for Hybrid WMN, the fairness index of EDCA is higher than DCF. For uniform distribution, the fairness index of few flows is higher than others for both WMN architectures.

Multi-criteria routing metric for supporting data-differentiated service in hybrid wireless mesh networks in coal mines

Mesh clients in hybrid wireless mesh networks can perform the routing functionality, as well as provide end-user applications that are more suitable for tunnels, to improve the connectivity of backbone networks. In this article, based on the diversity of data and limited power supply of mesh clients in hybrid wireless mesh networks in underground mines, we propose a multi-criteria routing metric to support data-differentiated service. This routing metric divides data into two types: urgent and non-urgent. End-to-end delay is calculated when transmitting urgent data, and hop count and link load are measured when transmitting non-urgent data. In order to optimize the utilization of mesh clients and to prolong the network lifetime, mesh clients and mesh routers are given different weights in the calculation of hop count. Based on the QualNet7.1 simulation platform, the performance of the proposed routing metric in transmitting urgent and non-urgent data is evaluated through numerous simulations. Simulation results indicate that the routes selected using the proposed routing metric can effectively reduce the average end-to-end delay when transmitting urgent data and reduce the utilization rate of mesh clients while simultaneously guaranteeing the capability of the network when transmitting non-urgent data. This finding satisfies the differentiated service requirements of data of different types for hybrid wireless mesh networks in coal mines.

Dynamic mobility management scheme for inter handoff in hybrid wireless mesh networks

Our work focuses to determine the more reliable routing path to increase the quality of service with fast route recovery process and also to find the most effective path for transmitting the same data towards multiple destination nodes. Thus in this paper we have proposed to design a dynamic mobility management scheme for inter handoff in WMN. For mobility, the inter-domain mobility management scheme is applied. To reduce the overall network traffic incurred by this mobility management, the dynamic pointer forwarding scheme for internet traffic is used. Simulation results show that the proposed mobility management scheme provides reduced packet drop and delay when compared with the existing scheme.

Regional energy- and mobility-aware routing protocol for hybrid wireless mesh network

Existing routing protocols for hybrid wireless mesh network neglect the negative impact on network lifetime and route stability caused by energy constraints and mobility of mesh clients. To solve this issue, a regional energy- and mobility-aware routing protocol is proposed in this article. Both energy and mobility features in hybrid wireless mesh network are considered in this routing protocol. On one hand, within the communication transmission range, the intensity and degree of dispersion in energy consumption can be perceived. The node whose neighbor area has sufficient energy can be selected for network services, which can balance energy and extend the network lifetime. On the other hand, the mobility of clients is considered to enhance the stability and reduce network overhead. Therefore, regional energy- and mobility-aware routing protocol can balance network energy consumption, prolong network lifetime, and improve route stability. Simulation results via NS2 show that regional energy- and mobility-aware routing protocol can achieve better performance significantly.

Dynamic mobility management scheme for inter handoff in hybrid wireless mesh networks

Our work focuses to determine the more reliable routing path to increase the quality of service with fast route recovery process and also to find the most effective path for transmitting the same data towards multiple destination nodes. Thus in this paper we have proposed to design a dynamic mobility management scheme for inter handoff in WMN. For mobility, the inter-domain mobility management scheme is applied. To reduce the overall network traffic incurred by this mobility management, the dynamic pointer forwarding scheme for internet traffic is used. Simulation results show that the proposed mobility management scheme provides reduced packet drop and delay when compared with the existing scheme.

A trustworthy and energy-aware routing protocol in software-defined wireless mesh networks

Hybrid Wireless Mesh Networks (HWMNs) were proposed to address the challenges in wireless communications to support mobile applications across different domains. Due to the multi-hop and decentralized network architecture, HWMNs are naturally susceptible to various security threats, especially internal attacks. Therefore, HWMNs must be able to detect anomalies, provide secure routing and protect user privacy through the cooperation among nodes. However, the existing routing protocols for HWMNs cannot ensure the security to protect the users privacy effectively. Moreover, traditional HWMNs are vertically integrated where the control and data planes of mesh routers are bundled together, which makes it complex and difficult to configure the network according to predefined security policies, and to adaptively respond to various dynamic security threats. Software-Defined Wireless Mesh Networks decouple the control plane and data plane of routers and thus enable a more flexible and efficient configuration of security policies. Taking up this opportunity to address the aforementioned challenges, this paper proposes a privacy-aware, secure and energy-aware green routing (PSGR) protocol that can defend against internal attacks, achieve stronger privacy protection and reduce energy consumption in Software-Defined HWMNs. The elaborate theoretical analysis verify that the PSGR protocol can implement the security and privacy protection against internal attacks effectively and efficiently. Simulation results demonstrate a superior performance of PSGR in terms of packet delivery ratio, network throughput and energy efficiency compared to the existing PA-SHWMP, PASER, and HWMP protocols in the presence of Blackhole/Grayhole attacks and wormhole attacks.