Hybrid Satellite-terrestrial Cooperative Network Research Articles

On secure transmission in hybrid satellite‐terrestrial cooperative network with untrusted energy harvesting relay and imperfect channel estimation

AbstractIn this paper, the security performance of a hybrid satellite‐terrestrial cooperative network (HSTCN) with untrusted energy limited relay and imperfect channel state information (CSI) is investigated. The satellite and terrestrial links are assumed to follow Shadowed‐Rician fading and Rayleigh fading distributions respectively. The amplify‐and‐forward energy‐limited relay node employs power splitting relaying mode to scavenge energy from its received signals. By considering imperfect CSI between the relay and destination link, maximum ratio combining (MRC) and selection combining (SC) diversity schemes are utilized at the destination to enhance the quality of received signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and aid jamming signal to prevent the untrusted relay from intercepting the satellite confidential data. Thus, to evaluate the HSTCN security performance, the exact analytical closed‐form expressions for the security outage probability (SOP) and connectivity outage probability (COP) are derived for each of the diversity combining techniques. Owing to trade‐off between SOP and COP, the effective secrecy throughput (EST) expression is obtained for the considered diversity schemes with a view to examine the security and reliability performance of the concerned system. Moreover, the impact of system parameters such as transmit SNR, channel coefficient, energy harvesting coefficient, and number of antennas are evaluated. In addition, the results reveal that the MRC has better SOP, COP, and EST performance compare with the SC. Also, it is found that the system EST degrades at high transmit SNR when the number of antennas at satellite is higher. The accuracy of the derived analytical expressions is confirmed by using Monte‐Carlo simulations.

Performance Analysis of Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Cooperative Networks With Relay Selection

This paper conducts the performance analysis of a hybrid satellite-terrestrial cooperative network (HSTCN) having multi-antenna terrestrial relays. By assuming the availability of the direct link between the satellite and the destination, and considering the effects of hardware impairments (HIs) and interference on both relays and destination, we first propose a relay selection scheme to enhance the quality of the downlink transmission of the considered HSTCN. Then, we derive analytical expressions for the outage probability (OP) and throughput of the system using the proposed relay selection scheme. Furthermore, the asymptotic behavior of the HSTCN at high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) is also investigated to reveal the diversity order and array gain of the system. Finally, computer simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the relay selection scheme. The analysis shows that the system performance is significantly affected by the HIs and interference.

On the Performance of Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Cooperative Networks with Different Combining Schemes

On the Performance of Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Cooperative Networks with Different Combining Schemes

Performance analysis of MIMO AF CDMA hybrid satellite‐terrestrial cooperative networks using multiple relays strategy for downlink

This study investigates dual-hop fixed amplify-and-forward relaying performance analysis utilizing cooperative code division multiple-access (CDMA) systems for hybrid satellite terrestrial cooperative networks (HSTCNs). The system performance is evaluated over independent non-identical (i.n.i.) shadowed-Rician fading channels for the links of the satellite-terrestrial base station relays and the satellite-mobile user link. However, Nakagami- m fading channel is considered for the terrestrial base station relay-mobile destination link. In this study, the main contribution is to implement multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) configuration is applied on the CDMA HSTCNs, where the overall system performance is studied under different MIMO configurations at the source, relay and destination nodes. The spatial diversity of the multiple antennas is provided by employing the maximum ratio combining scheme. The study examines also the system performance under various numbers of cooperative relays as well as using both orthogonal and non-orthogonal codes between the users. A novel closed expression for the moment generating function of the total end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio for three different transmission strategies. This is to calculate the outage probability, probability of error and the ergodic capacity. Moreover, the analytical and Monte-Carlo simulation results are developed for different transmission techniques to show the improvement in the performance of the proposed HSTCNs.

Performance Analysis of Amplify-and-Forward Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Networks With Cochannel Interference

In this paper, we consider an amplify-and-forward hybrid satellite-terrestrial co-operative network in the presence of cochannel interference (CCI). More specifically, we assume that both the satellite-destination and the satellite-relay links undergo the shadowed-Rician fading and the relay-destination link follows the Nakagami- m fading. By applying the amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol at the terrestrial relay, both the relay and the destination are corrupted by cochannel interference from the terrestrial network. Based on this setup, we first derive the approximate statistical distributions signal-to-interference-plus noise ratio (SINR) and then analyze the system performance. To obtain more insights into the system performance, some asymptotical bit-error rate (BER) results are provided. Moreover, we extend our analysis to a multiple-relay network and analyze the asymptotic performance. Finally, some numerical results are provided to verify our analysis.

Beamforming schemes for hybrid satellite-terrestrial cooperative networks

This paper studies the relay beamforming (BF) schemes for a hybrid satellite-terrestrial cooperative network (HSTCN), where a cognitive base station (CBS) with multi-antenna is used not only as a relay to assist the signal transmission between a satellite and a terrestrial primary user (PU), but also as a base station to transmit signals to multiple secondary users (SUs). Our goal is to minimize the total transmit power, while guaranteeing the quality-of-service (QoS) of all users. Specifically, by supposing that the channel state information (CSI) of both the uplink and downlink are perfectly known at the relay, we first present a non-robust BF method. Then, note that downlink CSI often contains errors, we propose two approaches based on worst-case criterion, namely, lowest bound robust BF scheme (LB-RBF) and tight bound robust BF scheme (TB-RBF), each of which relaxes the constraints and converts the complex problem to a convex optimization problem so that it can be solved by using standard numerical optimization packages. Finally, computer simulations are provided to demonstrate the performance of the three BF algorithms.

Performance Analysis of AF Based Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Cooperative Network over Generalized Fading Channels

In this paper, the transmission of signals in a hybrid satellite-terrestrial link is considered. In particular, we address the problem of amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying in a hybrid satellite-terrestrial link, where a masked destination node receives the relayed transmission from a terrestrial link and direct transmission from the satellite link. The satellite-relay and satellite-destination links are assumed to follow the Shadowed-Rician fading; and the channel of the terrestrial link between the relay and destination is assumed to follow the Nakagami-m fading. The average symbol error rate of the considered AF cooperative scheme for M-ary phase shift keying constellation is derived for these generalized fading channels. Moreover, analytical diversity order of the hybrid system is also obtained.

A Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Cooperative Network over Non Identically Distributed Fading Channels

This paper investigates a hybrid satellite-terrestrial cooperative relaying communications network (HSTCN) under independent and non-identical shadowed Rician and Nakagami-m fading channels. It evaluates the performance of such a network using amplify-and-forward (AF) cooperative relaying protocol. The maximal ratio combining (MRC) technique is used at the destination to combine the signals received from the source and cooperating relay nodes. An analytical approach is derived to evaluate the performance of the system in terms of outage probability and symbol error rate (SER). The closed form expressions for the probability density function (PDF), cumulative distribution function (CDF) and moment generating function (MGF) of the end-to-end signal to noise ratio (SNR) are also derived. The derived analytical expressions are applied to the general operating conditions with the help of satellite channel data available from the literature. The analytical results are compared with Monte Carlo simulations. The results show the improvement in the performance of the HSTCN under challenging fading conditions with the help of fixed multiple terrestrial relay nodes.