Hybrid Power Transmission Research Articles

Design and stability performance optimization of a novel hybrid inspection robot walking device for smart grid applications

Inspecting in high-altitude windy environments requires maintaining a stable attitude to avoid significant oscillations, which is a crucial factor in advancing the use of hybrid power transmission line inspection robots (PTLIRs) in real-world scenarios for the electrical power and energy industry. We developed and optimized a novel walking device to improve the safety of hybrid PTLIRs operating in strong wind conditions. First, we investigate the operational conditions of transmission line inspection and design a walking device capable of transporting a flight device to be suspended under the line for inspection purposes. Second, a force equilibrium analysis is performed to explore the relationship between the key structural parameters of the walking device and the wind-induced deflection of the robot. A multiobjective optimization model is formulated to minimize the maximum deflection angle of the robot along three axes under wind loads. Finally, an optimization algorithm, using an improved non-dominated sorting particle swarm optimization (NSPSO) approach, is proposed to solve the model with good global search ability and fast convergence speed. A test platform is constructed to collect the wind deflection angle of a self-developed hybrid PTLIR under the transmission line. The test results demonstrate that the walking device can carry 30 kg to move along the transmission line. The average deflection angle of the robot around the Z axis is the highest under the influence of wind force level 7 (wind speed of 15.5 m/s) perpendicular to the windward surface of the robot. After optimization, the maximum deflection angle is limited to 10.38°, aligning within safety thresholds. The optimization algorithm effectively reduces the maximum deflection angles around the X, Z, and Y axes by 33.19 %, 39.21 %, and 13.23 %, with minimal average errors of 2.40 %, 3.87 %, and 2.13 %, respectively. The research in this paper can solve the bottleneck problem of robot practicality, which has important theoretical significance and practical application value for the safety, stability, and intelligent operation and maintenance management of power transmission lines.

Dynamic Modelling and Analysis of a Hydraulic Energy Storage Based Hybrid Power Transmission for Wind Turbine

Dynamic Modelling and Analysis of a Hydraulic Energy Storage Based Hybrid Power Transmission for Wind Turbine

Research on Assembly Sequence Planning of Hybrid Power Transmission Device Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm

Research on Assembly Sequence Planning of Hybrid Power Transmission Device Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm

A robust parity‐time‐symmetric hybrid wireless power transfer system with extended coupling range

SummaryInductive power transmission (IPT) and capacitive power transmission (CPT) are currently the two main wireless power transfer technologies. Hybrid power transmission (HPT) systems that combine IPT and CPT can improve transmission performance and are more attractive for some charging applications such as electric bicycles (e‐bikes). However, HPT systems are more sensitive to parameter variations, and the coupling mechanism is prone to misalignment during wireless charging. Therefore, achieving stable output power and constant transfer efficiency over a wide range of coupling coefficient variations is still a major challenge for HPT systems. In this work, the parity–time (PT) symmetry theory is applied to an SS‐type HPT system, and a circuit model of the PT‐based HPT system is developed by using coupling capacitance and coupling inductance. The effect of connecting the plates to the homonymous end or heteronymous end of the coupling coils on the PT symmetry range of the HPT system is discussed. It is found that the heteronymous end connection of the coils can effectively increase the range of constant output power and stable transfer efficiency. Finally, a prototype is built to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed PT‐based HPT system. The transfer power and efficiency remain constant in the PT‐symmetric range, and the inductive and capacitive coupling coefficients are smaller compared to IPT and CPT systems with the same parameters.

Configuration Design and Performance Analysis of a Three‐Power Source Power Transmission System Based on Lever Method

This paper proposes a supplementary design method for a three‐power source hybrid power transmission system based on the lever method, aimed at enhancing its power performance and economic efficiency. It makes up for some defects of traditional configuration design methods. Firstly, in order to better show the connection between the two planetary rows in the composite distribution configuration, an equivalent lever model with four nodes was established. The rod model was screened based on the connection relationship between the mechanical point distribution and power source. The rod model was analyzed in combination with the motor speed and torque characteristics, and the value interval of the two mechanical points of the composite distribution rod model was obtained. Then, the four‐node rod model was split. By adding the clutch and brake to control the connection between different nodes of the planetary bank, the working mode of the configuration can be switched. The supplementary design was carried out by increasing the input distribution to compensate for the low efficiency of the composite distribution configuration when driving at low speed, and three optimal configurations were obtained. (Based on the constraints of factors such as rod length, there are finally three solutions that meet the requirements.) Finally, the vehicle dynamics model was established, and the simulation results based on the dynamic programming principle showed that compared with the typical three‐power configuration Prius+, the fuel economy of the optimal configuration was improved in different degrees. Configuration (II) was selected as the object for parameter optimization, and the results showed that the power performance of the vehicle is improved by 1.8%, and the economy is improved by 5.47%, which verifies the validity of the configuration design method proposed in this paper.

Design and Analysis of Power Converter Topologies in Fuel Cell Applications.

The global transition from carbon-based fuel to cleaner energy sources has brought an application of hydrogen as fuel in multiple hybrid applications from backup power to onboard power sources, especially in the automobile industry. The application in the fuel cell hybrid system brings the integration of fuel cells with Lithium-Ion batteries and ultracapacitors. The efficient and reliable operation of the vehicle drivetrain highly depends on the power control mechanisms integrated with the system. Power converters play a significant role in converting the DC to DC or AC and AC to DC which maintains the power supply driving the hybrid power transmission system and other vehicle auxiliary loads. Fuel cell vehicles require high efficiency of the converters to optimize fuel consumption in various operating conditions. The paper introduces various topologies of Power electronic converters used in hybrid applications along with their pros and cons in various switching techniques adopted. The different power electronic converters are modeled in MATLAB-SIMULINK and comparative analysis has been performed to improve the efficiency and reliability of the system.

A feasibility and dynamic performance analysis of hydromechanical hybrid power transmission technology for wind turbines

Abstract. A multi-body dynamical model of a wind turbine power generation system (WTPGS) based on hydromechanical hybrid power transmission (HMHPT) technology is developed and simulated to overcome the individual drawbacks of the gear train and hydrostatic power transmission (HPT) system. The HMHPT is a hybrid concept of a single-stage planetary gear train (SSPGT) and a typical HPT. The input shaft of the SSPGT is coupled with the turbine rotor, whereas the output shaft of the SSPGT is coupled with the shaft of a hydraulic pump. The hydraulic pump supplies flow to the hydro-motor, and its shaft is coupled with the generator. An existing turbine blade model of 750 kW based wind turbine is used for further development and analysis of the HMHPT. The simulation responses indicate that the power generation and the control potential both have been improved using the HMHPT in a wind turbine. Moreover, the influence on the motor power generation due to variations of pump and motor leakages is addressed. Additionally, it is found that if the order of the SSPGT and the HPT are swapped in the proposed HMHPT, then the settling time, maximum overshoot, and rise time of the system responses are increased. As a result, the controllability of the system is decreased.

HVDC Interconnections with SMES Device for PV and Wind Hybrid Power Transmission System

Abstract: The consumption of power shows a steeply increasing behavior in the present scenario which demands the integration of various novel techniques to the existing grid. With the penetration of PV and wind energy units into the grid, the evolution from a generator dominated grid to an inverter dominated grid arises in the near future. The paper discusses the characterization of HVDC convertors with the behavior of SG emulating virtual inertia for frequency stabilization and proper power oscillation damping during transmission of renewable energy based power. The conventional control of HVDC converters is integrated with synchronous power controller with second order characteristics inside power control loop for proper damping essentialities. The functioning of HVDC link is enhanced by means of SMES coil based energy storage operation. The proposed formulation is applied to a four area model in IEEE 14 bus system incorporated with PV, wind and HVDC links. The dynamic behavioral improvements are tested by means of MATLAB simulation.

Master-slave synchronous control method for attenuating dual mode electromechanical transmission system torsional vibration

The high-power electromechanical transmission (EMT) system is a typical dual-mode hybrid power transmission system. The torque fluctuation of internal combustion engine causes serious shock and vibration problems of EMT. Suppressing torsional vibration based on high dynamic motor torque regulation is an important way to improve the working life and stability of EMT system. First, a lbased on the lumped parameter linear dynamic model,the torsional vibration characteristics are analyzed. Second, a fluctuating speed estimation method is proposed based on the uniformly accelerated motion model and linear regression, and a digital high pass filter is designed. Then, a master-slave coupling active torsional vibration control strategy is proposed, and a PD control algorithm based on speed feedback is designed. The variation rules of control parameters is analyzed. Finally, the control effect is verified by experiments. The results show that the lever coefficient K ab and differential coefficient K d of master-slave control can change the natural frequency of torsional vibration of the system, thus significantly changing the vibration response of the system. Selecting appropriate control parameters can achieve peak clipping of EMT torsional resonance.

The Power Planning of Interacted and Interconnected Microgrid in Pelagic Clustering Islands Based on Energy Storage Vessel Transport Route

Sang, Z.-x.; Fang, R.-c.; Du, Z.; Yang, D.-j.; Yan, J., and Lei, H., 2020. The power planning of interacted and interconnected microgrid in pelagic clustering islands based on energy storage vessel transport route. In: Liu, X. and Zhao, L. (eds.), Today's Modern Coastal Society: Technical and Sociological Aspects of Coastal Research. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 111, pp. 172–177. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.There is a lack of effective liaison among pelagic islands; however, an interconnection mode by submarine cables is not feasible or economical. In this paper, we propose to replace some of submarine cables with energy storage vessel (ESV) routes and establish a hybrid power transmission network based integrated energy system of pelagic clustering islands. First, an ESV route was modeled to analyze the transmission efficiency and cost. Then, a hybrid power transmission network planning model of the island integrated energy system was proposed based on multiscene generation and scene clustering. The objective function was the minimum overall cost considering the additional power supply cost under extreme weather scenario. The model was optimized by chaotic gravitational search algorithm. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified through simulation results.

Energy balance comparison of small unmanned vehicle equipped with electric and hybrid propulsion system

Article presents comparison of the energetic balance of vehicle powertrain – pure electric vehicle and vehicle equipped with electric hybrid power transmission. Society is more and more often persuaded to buy electric cars as an environmentally friendly solution because they have opinion of ecological vehicles. Electrification in military applications is also widely considered, especially in case of small to medium UGV’s such as wide range of robotic systems introduced to the milatary operations. The article presents the problems of comparing the efficiency and others parameters such as the range of a two presented powertrains. The research was carried out on an small unmanned land platform equipped with a hybrid propulsion system supplied as standard with Diesel power generator and electrically only powered. Energy used for charging of the battery, from tank-to-wheel, was calculated. This also enables to calculate total efficiency of electric and hybrid power transmission. By calculating different capacity of battery and power of generator, it is possible to determine the vehicle range.

Optimization and Analysis of Hybrid Electric System for Distributed Propulsion Tilt-Wing UAV

Hybrid electric distributed propulsion tilt-wing UAVs show unlimited application prospects due to their high propulsion efficiency and vertical take-off and landing capabilities. Aiming at the power requirements of distributed propulsion tilt-wing UAVs, this article presents an optimization design method for series hybrid electric propulsion systems suitable for this type of aircraft. Based on the flight conditions and constraints of various modes, the power demand models for distributed propulsion tilt-wing UAVs are established for vertical flight mode, transition mode, and forward flight mode. The hybrid electric power solving models of each component of the series hybrid electric system are established by analyzing the series hybrid power architecture and power transmission paths. The hybrid electric system weight model is mainly decomposed into the weight model of each component and the fuel consumption model. Based on power demand and energy demand, a mass model of components such as batteries, engines, generators, power management and distribution systems are established. Besides, the fuel consumption characteristic curve of the scaled engine is established using the Willans line formulation, and the fuel consumption calculation in the full flight profile is completed. The optimization of the series hybrid electric system of a 200kg-class distributed propulsion tilting wing UAV under two mission profiles of urban freight and mountain freight and the sensitivity of the optimized results to performance are presented. The results show that the proposed method can sensitively capture the significant influence of the adjustment of the mission profile and the changes in the performance requirements of each flight phase, and adapt to various application scenarios.

Conceptual Analysis of Test Car Body with the Use of CAD Systems

Abstract The article presents structural specifications and conceptual analysis of the test car body equipped with a hybrid power transmission system. The test car is constructed by students of the Faculty of Technical Sciences of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. Works dedicated to designing and construction of a car body aim at the increase of safety and improvement of aesthetics of the constructed vehicle with simultaneous maintenance of its operational and test functionality. The article presents a simplified analysis of the distribution of pressure around the body for several suggested concepts and selected technologies of production of the test car body. The paper presents results of computer simulations, of the pressure distribution and the remaining aspects of assessment of the car body functionality.

Energy Balance of a Vehicle Equipped with Hybrid Propulsion System Fuelled with Alternative Fuels

Abstract Article presents the energetic balance of small-unmanned vehicle hybrid power transmission. The vehicle equipped with serial hybrid transmission consisted of electric engines connected to the battery pack and small Diesel power generator. In mentioned construction, battery is used as energy buffer and combustion engine is used more as emergency power supply, and is turned on when battery is depleted. In other condition, power generator can be turned off, without reducing power of transmission parameters, except its range. Vehicles with hybrid drive are very common chosen vehicles by users. More and more often, we also talk about searching for replacement fuels for internal combustion engines, so also for those with hybrid drive. The research was carried out on an unmanned land platform equipped with a hybrid propulsion system supplied as standard with Diesel oil. The article presents the problems of comparing the efficiency of a hybrid vehicle fuelled with Diesel oil, but also with alternative fuels based on kerosene and other components. For test, three types of fuels were used, standard Diesel oil, F-34 and with experimental mixture of Jet A-1 fuel with 10% of 2-ethylhexanol. Energy used for charging of the battery, from tank-to-wheel, was calculated. This also enables to calculate total efficiency of such hybrid power transmission, powered with different fuels.

Various power transmission strategies in wind turbine: an overview

A wind power system integrates different engineering domains, i.e. aerodynamic, mechanical, hydraulic and electrical. The power transmission from the turbine rotor to the generator is an important and integral part of the wind turbine system. Generally, the power transmission unit is of two types, e.g., mechanical transmission system and hydrostatic power transmission system (HST). Normally, the mechanical transmission system (gear train) is used to transmit the power in wind turbine. But this transmission is not suitable in large scale power production. Currently, hydraulic power system has drawn an attention as a power transmission system in the wind turbine field. It provides some advantages over the mechanical transmission system, such as it is capable to transmit high power in compact size, it has an ability to vary the speed infinitely, convenient installation, flexibility and high reliability. Also, the HST system helps to obtain a stable power from wind turbine using an accumulator whenever the input wind velocity is of fluctuating nature. In this article, various schemes on the hybrid power transmission system in wind turbine system are addressed in a chronological order. However, the aerodynamics and the electrical transmission of the wind turbine are excluded from the discussion.

Evaporating system for cryogenic support of long length HTS power cables

The paper deals with an analysis of the results of theoretical and experimental research on an evaporating system for cryogenic support as supplied to long length thermostatting channels of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) cables and hybrid power transmission lines as well as thermal control systems for cryogenic components in aircraft fuel tanks during long-term spaceflights. Experimental evidence for nitrogen and hydrogen are presented here. The importance of such research for practical application in developing modern cryostatting systems has been highlighted.The design of an experimental hybrid power transmission line for studying thermostatting of superconducting power cables has been considered in the paper. The transmission line contains three sections with different types of thermal insulation and current leads providing high current supply to superconducting threads with minimum external heat inflow. The unique experimental data on heat inflows from the outer surface of the transmission line in different sections has been obtained by the authors. It is shown that it may be possible to compensate fully for external heat inflow to a cryogenic line as well as to lower the temperature of a cryogenic coolant in the section with an evaporating system for cryogenic support. In order to determine the possible length of the cryostatting work field of a long length superconducting cable, estimates of using liquid nitrogen and liquid hydrogen as a working fluid for various mass flow rates of the coolant feed have been made via the mathematical model describing physical processes in a thermostatting channel using an evaporating system for cryogenic support. Calculation data on changes in the length of the long length temperature cryostat, pressure and cooling capacity of the evaporating cryostat system has been obtained.

Energetic Balance of Unmanned Ground Vehicle Hybrid Power Transmission

Energetic Balance of Unmanned Ground Vehicle Hybrid Power Transmission

Design and performance analysis on a new electro-hydraulic hybrid transmission system

To avoid the impact of large charge and discharge current on the cycle life of the battery in the process of driving or braking of pure electric vehicle, a new electro-hydraulic hybrid power transmission system was designed. Taking the ChangAn prototype as a reference, a method based on driving cyclic condition was used to match parameters and develop a novel control strategy. The model of this new electro-hydraulic system and the dynamic model of whole vehicle were established. The cosimulation results verified the effectiveness of the new hybrid power transmission system and the parameter matching method. The results show that the new electro-hydraulic hybrid power transmission system effectively avoids the impact of large charging and discharging current on the battery cycle life, and can improve the economy of vehicles to a significant extent while also displaying satisfactory power performance.

Design and performance analysis on a new electro-hydraulic hybrid transmission system

To avoid the impact of large charge and discharge current on the cycle life of the battery in the process of driving or braking of pure electric vehicle, a new electro-hydraulic hybrid power transmission system was designed. Taking the ChangAn prototype as a reference, a method based on driving cyclic condition was used to match parameters and develop a novel control strategy. The model of this new electro-hydraulic system and the dynamic model of whole vehicle were established. The cosimulation results verified the effectiveness of the new hybrid power transmission system and the parameter matching method. The results show that the new electro-hydraulic hybrid power transmission system effectively avoids the impact of large charging and discharging current on the battery cycle life, and can improve the economy of vehicles to a significant extent while also displaying satisfactory power performance.

Optimization design of an interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine for a hybrid hydraulic excavator

A hybrid power transmission system (HPTS) is a promising way to save energy in a hydraulic excavator and the electric machine is one of the key components of the system. In this paper, a design process for permanent-magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) in a hybrid hydraulic excavator (HHE) is presented based on the analysis of the working conditions and requirements of an HHE. A parameterized design approach, which combines the analytical model and the 2D finite element method (FEM), is applied to the electric machine to improve the design efficiency and accuracy. The analytical model is employed to optimize the electric machine efficiency and obtain the stator dimension and flux density distribution. The rotor is designed with the FEM to satisfy the flux requirements obtained in stator design. The rotor configuration of the PMSM employs an interior magnet structure, thus resulting in some inverse saliency, which allows for much higher values in magnetic flux density. To reduce the rotor leakage, a disconnected type silicon steel block structure is adopted. To improve the air gap flux density distribution, the trapezoid permanent magnet (PM) and centrifugal rotor structure are applied to PMSM. Demagnetization and armature reactions are also taken into consideration and calculated by the FEM. A prototype of the newly designed electric machine has been fabricated and tested on the experimental platform. The analytical design results are validated by measurements.