Hybrid Oligomer Research Articles

Concerted Effect of Ion- and Electron-Conductive Additives on the Electrochemical and Thermal Performances of the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Cathode Material Synthesized by a Taylor-Flow Reactor for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

To address the issue that a single coating agent cannot simultaneously enhance Li+-ion transport and electronic conductivity of Ni-rich cathode materials with surface modification, in the present study, we first successfully synthesized a LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathode material by a Taylor-flow reactor followed by surface coating with Li-BTJ and dispersion of vapor-grown carbon fibers treated with polydopamine (PDA-VGCF) filler in the composite slurry. The Li-BTJ hybrid oligomer coating can suppress side reactions and enhance ionic conductivity, and the PDA-VGCFs filler can increase electronic conductivity. As a result of the synergistic effect of the dual conducting agents, the cells based on the modified NCM811 electrodes deliver superior cycling stability and rate capability, as compared to the bare NCM811 electrode. The CR2032 coin-type cells with the NCM811@Li-BTJ + PDA-VGCF electrode retain a discharge specific capacity of ∼92.2% at 1C after 200 cycles between 2.8 and 4.3 V (vs Li/Li+), while bare NCM811 retains only 84.0%. Moreover, the NCM811@Li-BTJ + PDA-VGCF electrode-based cells reduced the total heat (Qt) by ca. 7.0% at 35 °C over the bare electrode. Remarkably, the Li-BTJ hybrid oligomer coating on the surface of the NCM811 active particles acts as an artificial cathode electrolyte interphase (ACEI) layer, mitigating irreversible surface phase transformation of the layered NCM811 cathode and facilitating Li+ ion transport. Meanwhile, the fiber-shaped PDA-VGCF filler significantly reduced microcrack propagation during cycling and promoted the electronic conductance of the NCM811-based electrode. Generally, enlightened with the current experimental findings, the concerted ion and electron conductive agents significantly enhanced the Ni-rich cathode-based cell performance, which is a promising strategy to apply to other Ni-rich cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

Dual-modified LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode materials with lithium conducting hybrid oligomer and single-walled carbon nanotube for improving electrochemical performance and thermal stability of lithium-ion batteries: A novel approach for high-power and high-safety applications

In this study, we investigated the synergetic effect of a novel lithium-ion conducting hybrid oligomer [N, N′-bismaleimide-4, 4′-diphenylmethane (BMI), lithiated trithiocyanuric acid (Li-TCA) and Jeffamine®-M1000 (JA®); Li-BTJ] coating layer on a nickel-rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathode material wrapped with highly electron-conductive single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to enhance electrochemical performance and thermal stability for high-power and high-safety lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Morphological analyses using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that the NCM811 active material surface was uniformly coated with a hybrid oligomer to form NCM811@Li-BTJ, which was subsequently wrapped with SWCNTs (NCM@Li-BTJ/SWCNT composite cathode). CR2032 coin-type cells with optimized NCM811@1 wt% Li-BTJ/0.2 wt% SWCNT composite electrodes delivered a significantly enhanced capacity retention (CR) of 90.1 % relative to that of bare NCM811 electrodes (CR: 82.1 %) at 1C for 200 cycles from 2.8 to 4.3 V (vs. Li/Li+). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry revealed that this superior cycling performance resulted from a lower charge transfer resistance (Rct: 96.2 vs. 324.3 Ω) and a lower polarization voltage (∆V: 0.243 vs. 0.411 V vs. Li/Li+). The in-situ micro-calorimetric results presented the total heat generation (Qt) values of the coin cells with the delithiated NCM811@Li-BTJ and NCM@Li-BTJ/SWCNT electrodes at 5C and 35 °C were substantially lower by ~9.3 % and ~ 14.6 %, respectively, compared to the bare NCM811 counterpart, indicating that the surface modifications on the NCM811 active materials could prevent the LIBs' thermal instability. Furthermore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies revealed that the Li-BTJ hybrid oligomer coating layer effectively suppressed the formation of residual Li side products such as Li2CO3 evidently on the surface of the NCM811 active material particles, thereby inhibiting undesirable side reactions. Post-mortem analyses of the dual-modified NCM811 electrode after cycling revealed that the microstructure and particle morphology of the NCM composite cathode material were extensively maintained through the synergistic effects of the Li-BTJ ion-conductive and SWCNTs electron-conductive agents.

Bifunctional coating layer on Ni-rich cathode materials to enhance electrochemical performance and thermal stability in lithium-ion batteries

In this study we use N,N′-bismaleimide-4,4′-diphenylmethane (BMI), trithiocyanuric acid (TCA), and Jeffamine®-M1000 (molar ratio: 2:1:1; BTJ211) as a novel hybrid oligomer additive and surface modifier for coating (at concentrations of ca. 0.5–2 wt.%) of the cathode material LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Qualitative analysis (1H NMR spectroscopy) confirms the polymerization of the BTJ additive. Morphological analyses (scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy) reveal that the hybrid oligomer is coated uniformly on the surface of the NCA, forming a BTJ@NCA powder material. Coin-type cells incorporating the 1 wt% BTJ@NCA electrode exhibit a significantly improved capacity retention (CR%) of 80.3%, relative to that of the bare NCA electrode (62.1%), at 1 C for 100 cycles at an upper voltage of 4.5 V. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry reveal that this superior electrochemical performance originated from a lower charge transfer resistance (678.3 Ω vs. 349.6 Ω), improving Li+ ion diffusivity, and a lower polarization potential (242.9 mV vs. 368.9 mV). Furthermore, operando microcalorimetry of the cells containing the BTJ@NCA electrodes reveals that the modified electrodes can effectively decrease heat release by 69.6% when charging.

Coating of a Novel Lithium-Containing Hybrid Oligomer Additive on Nickel-Rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Cathode Materials for High-Stability and High-Safety Lithium-Ion Batteries

Coating of a Novel Lithium-Containing Hybrid Oligomer Additive on Nickel-Rich LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ Cathode Materials for High-Stability and High-Safety Lithium-Ion Batteries

Preparation of Efficient Ultraviolet-Protective Transparent Coating by Using a Titanium-Containing Hybrid Oligomer.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is closely related to people's lives, but excess UV exposure has led to a series of problems. UV protection technology plays a vital role in our life. The most commonly adopted UV protection technology is to use UV-absorbing materials to make protective coatings, including sunscreen cream for human skin and sunscreen coating for materials. Conventional organic UV-protective coatings have low stability and are sensitive to heat, while inorganic UV-protective coating with highly efficient UV-protective performance usually need high processing temperatures and exhibit low transparency. Here, we report a Ti-PEG-Si cross-linked inorganic-organic hybrid material, which exhibits good UV-absorbing performance. By using these UV-absorbing materials, an efficient transparent UV-absorbing coating could be easily prepared at room temperature (298 K). The UV-absorbing coating is mainly composed of titanium and silicon connected by PEG200. PEG200 as a cross-linker can improve the UV-absorption performance of the coating and increase its visible light transmittance. At the same time, the existence of PEG200 can effectively increase the stability and elasticity of the coating and maintain its mechanical properties after UV irradiation. Furthermore, the coating could maintain highly UV-protective performance and could be transparent even after thermal treatment at high temperature (973 K). From this point of view, the hybrid materials have considerable application potential in next-generation UV protective coatings, especially with their utilization in heat-sensitive substrates or under high-temperature conditions.

A resistant mutant of Plasmodium falciparum purine nucleoside phosphorylase uses wild-type neighbors to maintain parasite survival

Plasmodium falciparum purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PfPNP) catalyzes an essential step in purine salvage for parasite growth. 4′-Deaza-1′-Aza-2′-Deoxy-1′-(9-Methylene)-Immucillin-G (DADMe-ImmG) is a transition state analog inhibitor of this enzyme, and P. falciparum infections in an Aotus primate malaria model can be cleared by oral administration of DADMe-ImmG. P. falciparum cultured under increasing DADMe-ImmG drug pressure exhibited PfPNP gene amplification, increased protein expression, and point mutations involved in DADMe-ImmG binding. However, the weak catalytic properties of the M183L resistance mutation (∼17,000-fold decrease in catalytic efficiency) are inconsistent with the essential function of PfPNP. We hypothesized that M183L subunits may form mixed oligomers of native and mutant PfPNP monomers to give hybrid hexameric enzymes with properties conferring DADMe-ImmG resistance. To test this hypothesis, we designed PfPNP constructs that covalently linked native and the catalytically weak M183L mutant subunits. Engineered hybrid PfPNP yielded trimer-of-dimer hexameric protein with alternating native and catalytically weak M183L subunits. This hybrid PfPNP gave near-native Km values for substrate, but the affinity for DADMe-ImmG and catalytic efficiency were both reduced approximately ninefold relative to a similar construct of native subunits. Contact between the relatively inactive M183L and native subunits is responsible for altered properties of the hybrid protein. Thus, gene amplification of PfPNP provides adequate catalytic activity while resistance to DADMe-ImmG occurs in the hybrid oligomer to promote parasite survival. Coupled with the slow development of drug resistance, this resistance mechanism highlights the potential for DADMe-ImmG use in antimalarial combination therapies.

Accessing sequence specific hybrid peptoid oligomers with varied pendant group spacing

The synthesis of β-peptoids (i.e., N-substituted β-alanine oligomers) 10 or more residues in length has proven challenging owing to poor coupling efficiency even after extended reaction times, resulting in the substantial generation of deletion sequences and consequently making purification of the target oligomer challenging. To overcome the limitations of conventional approaches, here we examine a synthetic method to rapidly yield sequence specific β- and γ-peptoids with 4–20 repeat units in high purity via alternating monomer addition and deprotection reactions using Fmoc-protected, N-substituted β-alanine- and γ-aminobutyric acid-based monomers in conjunction with microwave-assisted automated solid phase synthesis. By decoupling the secondary amine generation and the oligomer synthesis, this approach circumvents the relatively low reaction efficiency of primary amine alkylation with halogenated propionic or butyric acid to afford secondary amines while retaining the pendant group chemical diversity offered by α-peptoids. We establish the compatibility of this technique with conventional Fmoc-peptide and ‘submonomer’ peptoid syntheses by fabricating several hybrid oligomer sequences including long β- and γ-peptoid oligomers in addition to hybrid α/β, β/peptide, and α/β/γ-systems, thereby confirming the capacity for this approach to yield oligomers with a backbone spacing of three or more atoms between any two residues. Additionally, we demonstrate that mixtures of aromatic amine- and aldehyde-bearing β-peptoids undergo rapid dynamic covalent assembly to afford oligomeric molecular ladders.

UV-curable organic–inorganic hybrid hard coatings for metal sheets

A new type of UV-curable organic–inorganic hybrid oligomer was synthesized from vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS), tetraethylorthosilicate, and colloidal silica (CS) using a sol–gel method. UV-curable hybrid hard coating formulations were then prepared by mixing the organic–inorganic hybrid oligomer and acrylic monomers, trimethylolpropane triacrylate and tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, with a levelling agent and a photoinitiator. The oligomer was hydrolyzed and condensed from alkoxysilane and CS to obtain the UV-cured hybrid films. The hybrid oligomer and resulting hybrid films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry to confirm the chemical functionality, oxo-silicon signal, cross-sectional morphology, and transparency, respectively. When the concentration of the CS/VTMS mixture in the organic–inorganic hybrid oligomer was 0.50 mol, remarkable pencil hardness (up to 5H) with excellent transparency was observed. The hardness and transparency of the UV-cured hybrid coating films were improved significantly by increasing the CS content in the organic–inorganic hybrid oligomer.

Postelongation Strategy for the Introduction of Guanidinium Units in the Main Chain of Helical Oligourea Foldamers.

The synthesis of hybrid urea-based foldamers containing isosteric guanidinium linkages at selected positions in the sequence is described. We used a postelongation approach whereby the guanidinium moiety is introduced by direct transformation of a parent oligo(urea/thiourea) foldamer precursor. The method involves activation of the thiourea by treatment with methyl iodide and subsequent reaction with amines. To avoid undesired cyclization with the preceding urea moiety, resulting in heterocyclic guanidinium formation in the main chain, the urea unit preceding the thiourea unit in the sequence was replaced by an isoatomic and isostructural γ-amino acid. The approach was extended to solid-phase techniques to accelerate the synthesis of longer and more functionalized sequences. Under optimized conditions, an octamer hybrid oligomer incorporating a central guanidinium linkage was obtained in good overall yield and purity. This work also reports data related to the structural consequences of urea by guanidinium replacements in solution and reveals that helical folding is substantially reduced in oligomers containing a guanidinium group.

Aromatic Hybrid Foldamer with a Hydrophilic Helical Cavity Capable of Encapsulating Glucose.

An indolocarbazole-naphthyridine hybrid oligomer capable of adopting a stable helical conformation was prepared, and its folding properties were thoroughly studied in the solid state and in solution. As a result of folding, a hydrophilic cavity was generated inside the helix wherein monosaccharides were able to be encapsulated in the order of glucose (9.6 × 104 M-1) > galactose (1.0 × 104 M-1) ≫ mannose (∼0) in 10% (v/v) DMSO/CH2Cl2.

The preparation of hybrid trimer by cyclo-oligomerization of TDI and HDI and its curing process with polyols to form elastic PU coating

The hybrid cyclic isocyanate trimer with appropriate functionality and good solvent tolerance which can be used as a building block to construct polyurethane (PU) coatings was prepared by cyclo-oligomerization of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). Among all the tested catalysts, the self-made catalyst 3-(trimethylammonio)propyl carbonate (Cat. 4) was found to possess enough catalytic efficiency to confirm the NCO conversion to reach about 50% with both high (1 wt%) and low (0.25 wt%) catalyst loading at low temperature (40°C). The IR and NMR results proved the formation of a hybrid trimer, while HPLC results showed hybrid TDI/HDI trimer predominated in the product and only trace amounts of TDI monomer (<0.5 wt%) and oligomer with higher degree of polymerization (DP) remained. Furthermore, the formed hybrid oligomer exhibited excellent solvent tolerance to benzene, chlorinated, and acetate solvents. Consequently, Cat. 4 was demonstrated to be a suitable catalyst for cyclo-oligomerization since it not only possessed enough catalytic efficiency at low temperature but also hardly resulted in higher DP oligomer. Furthermore, the curing process with PTHF-r-PEO polyol was conducted as a pilot experiment to form PU coatings at room temperature. The disappearance of NCO group in IR spectrum as well as higher storage modulus against loss modulus implied the successful curing process. The strain–stress test showed the high tensile strength of formed PU coating, whereas the rheological test and dynamic mechanical analyzer proved the formed PU coating was a typical elastic material with good crosslink structure. These results indicate the promising potential of formed PU made from hybrid TDI/HDI trimer for coating applications.

A High Performance Deep Blue Organic Laser Gain Material

High performance organic lasers with both good optical lasing property and desirable carrier mobility still remains a big challenge for realizing electrically pumped organic lasing. In this work, we have developed a carbazole‐end‐capped ladder‐type oligo‐(p‐phenylene) based hybrid oligomer as solution‐processable deep blue laser gain media to reach a good balance between optical property and carrier transporting ability, by introducing moderate steric hindrance into the pi‐conjugated planar oligo‐(p‐phenylene) backbone. This material demonstrates excellent laser performance and moderate hole mobility of 1 × 10–3 cm2 V−1 s−1. The 1‐D distributed feedback (DFB) laser exhibits very low lasing threshold of 0.6 nJ pulse−1 and high slope efficiency of 5.9 ± 0.3% (50% fill factor). More importantly, the prominent ASE performance maintained at very thin film samples. The amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) threshold remains very low (16 nJ pulse−1) in the 45 nm‐thickness film. These results might indicate possibilities for electrically pumped gain materials.

Stereospecific control of the helical orientation of indolocarbazole-pyridine hybrid foldamers by rational modification of terminal chiral appendages.

The helical handedness excess of an indolocarbazole-pyridine hybrid oligomer capable of folding into a stable helical structure was achieved up to 96% by rational modification of terminal chiral residues.

Improvement of DNA recognition through molecular imprinting: hybrid oligomer imprinted polymeric nanoparticles (oligoMIP NPs).

High affinity and specific binding are cardinal properties of nucleic acids in relation to their biological function and their role in biotechnology. To this end, structural preorganization of oligonucleotides can significantly improve their binding performance, and numerous examples of this can be found in Nature as well as in artificial systems. Here we describe the production and characterization of hybrid DNA-polymer nanoparticles (oligoMIP NPs) as a system in which we have preorganized the oligonucleotide binding by molecular imprinting technology. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are cost-effective "smart" polymeric materials capable of antibody-like detection, but characterized by superior robustness and the ability to work in extreme environmental conditions. Especially in the nanoparticle format, MIPs are dubbed as one of the most suitable alternatives to biological antibodies due to their selective molecular recognition properties, improved binding kinetics as well as size and dispersibility. Nonetheless, there have been very few attempts at DNA imprinting in the past due to structural complexity associated with these templates. By introducing modified thymine bases into the oligonucleotide sequences, which allow establishing covalent bonds between the DNA and the polymer, we demonstrate that such hybrid oligoMIP NPs specifically recognize their target DNA, and that the unique strategy of incorporating the complementary DNA strands as "preorganized selective monomers" improves the recognition properties without affecting the NPs physical properties such as size, shape or dispersibility.

Inhibition of AAC(6')-Ib-mediated resistance to amikacin in Acinetobacter baumannii by an antisense peptide-conjugated 2',4'-bridged nucleic acid-NC-DNA hybrid oligomer.

Multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii, a common etiologic agent of severe nosocomial infections in compromised hosts, usually harbors aac(6')-Ib. This gene specifies resistance to amikacin and other aminoglycosides, seriously limiting the effectiveness of these antibiotics. An antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN4) that binds to a duplicated sequence on the aac(6')-Ib mRNA, one of the copies overlapping the initiation codon, efficiently inhibited translation in vitro. An isosequential nuclease-resistant hybrid oligomer composed of 2',4'-bridged nucleic acid-NC (BNA(NC)) residues and deoxynucleotides (BNA(NC)-DNA) conjugated to the permeabilizing peptide (RXR)4XB ("X" and "B" stand for 6-aminohexanoic acid and β-alanine, respectively) (CPPBD4) inhibited translation in vitro at the same levels observed in testing ODN4. Furthermore, CPPBD4 in combination with amikacin inhibited growth of a clinical A. baumannii strain harboring aac(6')-Ib in liquid cultures, and when both compounds were used as combination therapy to treat infected Galleria mellonella organisms, survival was comparable to that seen with uninfected controls.

Progress in Elaboration of Chemical and Abrasion Resistant Materials

Elaborations in the field of chemical and abrasion resistant coatings and composite polymer materials by company Polymate LTD.-INRC (Israel) and its employees are reviewed. The main fields of advanced corrosion resistance materials are liquid and water based rubber compositions, hybrid nonisocyanate polyurethane coatings, nanostructured organic-mineral coatings. The review includes patents used by the industry of several countries of Europe, USA, Canada and Asia.Chemical resistant materials, abrasion resistant materials, polymeric materials for coatings, hybrid nonisocyanate urethane-epoxides, nanostructured hybrid oligomer composition, rubber-based compositions, organic-mineral coatings.

Oligocholate foldamer with ‘prefolded’ macrocycles for enhanced folding in solution and surfactant micelles

A cholate oligomer was synthesized with six linear cholate groups sandwiched by two tricholate macrocycles at the two termini. Two pyrenyl labels on the compound allowed its conformation to be studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The linear/macrocyclic hybrid oligomer was found to fold consistently better than a linear analogue in mixed organic solvents and surfactant micelles. The enhanced folding was hypothesized to occur as the tricholate macrocycles, by their prefolded configuration, facilitate the preferential solvation of the facially amphiphilic cholate groups. In general, the folding-enhancing effect was stronger as the environment became more challenging for the oligocholate to fold. Most unusually, the hybrid oligocholate folded better in a more challenging binary methanol/ethyl acetate mixture than in the methanol/hexane/ethyl acetate ternary solvents that have been considered the most ‘folding-friendly’ to all other cholate foldamers.

Preparation and characterization of UV‐cured hybrid coatings by triethoxysilane‐modified dimethacrylate based on bisphenol‐s epoxy

AbstractNovel hybrid oligomers based on a UV‐curable bisphenol‐S epoxy dimethacrylate (DBSMA) were synthetized. DBSMA was modified with various amount of (3‐isocyanatopropyl)triethoxysilane coupling agent. The modification degree of the hybrid oligomer was varied from 0 to70 wt %. The photopolymerization kinetics was monitored by a real‐time infrared spectroscopy. The conversion and rate of hybrid coatings increased with the increase in modification degree. UV‐curable, hard, and transparent organic–inorganic hybrid coatings were prepared. They were performed by the analyses of various properties such as surface and mechanical properties. Results from the mechanical measurements showed that the properties of hybrid coatings improved with the increase in modification degree. The thermal behavior of coatings was also investigated. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013

Mutual inhibition through hybrid oligomer formation of daptomycin and the semisynthetic lipopeptide antibiotic CB-182,462

Daptomycin is a clinically important lipopeptide antibiotic that kills Gram-positive bacteria through membrane depolarization. Its activity requires calcium and the presence of phosphatidylglycerol in the target membrane. Calcium and phosphatidylglycerol also promote the formation of daptomycin oligomers, which have been assumed but not proven to be required for the bactericidal effect. Daptomycin shares substantial structural similarity with another lipopeptide antibiotic, A54145; the two have identical amino acid residues in 5 out of 13 positions and similar ones in 4 more positions. We here examined whether these conserved residues are sufficient for oligomer formation. To this end, we used fluorescence energy transfer and excimer fluorescence to detect hybrid oligomers of daptomycin and CB-182,462, a semisynthetic derivative of A54145. Mixtures of the two compounds indeed produced hybrid oligomers, but at the same time displayed a significantly less than additive antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. The existence of functionally impaired oligomers indicates that oligomer formation is indeed important for antibacterial function. However, it also shows that oligomerization is not sufficient; once formed, the oligomers must take another step in order to acquire antibacterial activity. Thus, the amino acid residues shared between daptomycin and CB-182,462 suffice for formation of the oligomer, but not for its subsequent activation.

Preparation of waterborne hyperbranched polyurethane acrylate/LDH nanocomposite

A series of novel waterborne hyperbranched polyurethane acrylate (WHPUA)/layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocomposites based on hyperbranched aliphatic polyester Boltorn H20 (H20) and MgAl-LDH were successfully synthesized by in situ polymerization approach. The MgAl-LDH was firstly modified by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) through the coprecipitation method, and then grafted by isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), forming a complex with NCO groups at the surface and interlayer of LDH (LDH-DS-NCO). The residual hydroxyl groups after modification with succinic anhydride were crosslinked by the semi-adduct of IPDI reacted with HEA, and LDH-DS-NCO, followed by a neutralization reaction with triethylamine. The resulting water dispersible hyperbranched polyurethane acrylate WHPUA/LDH hybrid oligomer was then exposed to a medium pressure mercury lamp, forming a partially exfoliated WHPUA/LDH nanocomposite in the presence of a fragmental photoinitiator. The chemical structure, crystal configuration, morphology of WHPUA/LDH nanocomposite were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The experimental results indicated that both the intercalated and exfoliated structures were formed in the UV cured polymer/LDH nanocomposite. The TGA results showed that the thermal stability was improved. Moreover, the pencil hardness was greatly increased, and the flexibility remained at an acceptable level for the UV cured polymer/LDH nanocomposites.