Hybrid Network Environment Research Articles

Hidden Markov Model-Based Dynamic Hard Shoulders Running Strategy in Hybrid Network Environments

With the development of vehicle-road network technologies, the future traffic flow will appear in the form of hybrid network traffic flow for a long time. Due to the change in traffic characteristics, the current hard shoulder running strategy based on traditional traffic characteristics cannot effectively serve the hybrid network traffic flow scenario, and will even lead to the further deterioration of traffic congestion. In order to propose a hard shoulder running strategy suitable for a hybrid network environment, a traffic breakdown prediction method based on a hidden Markov model was established. Secondly, the characteristics of traffic breakdown in a hybrid network environment were analyzed. Finally, based on the traffic breakdown characteristics in a hybrid network environment, a dynamic hard shoulder running method based on the hidden Markov model was proposed. The effectiveness of HMMD-HSR was verified by simulation and comparison with HMM-HSR, LMD-HSR, and N-HSR. The simulation results show that the HMMD-HSR proposed in this paper can improve operation efficiency and reduce travel time in a congested expressway.

ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN TOLERANSI KESALAHAN (FAULT TOLERANCE) ROUTING STATIC DAN OSPF PADA JARINGAN HYBRID UNUD

A reliable and failure-resistant computer network is an important prerequisite in the modern interconnected environment. This research aims to examine and compare the effectiveness of fault tolerance between two commonly used routing protocols, namely static routing and OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), in the context of hybrid networks at Udayana University (UNUD). This research uses GNS3 to simulate the UNUD network environment. The research method is carried out by implementing static and OSPF routing separately in the GNS3 simulation. After the routing implementation is carried out, the network is tested against various error scenarios to observe how each routing method handles the situation.In this research, the analysis results provide a deeper understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of each routing method. Our findings illustrate that OSPF significantly improves fault tolerance and network availability compared to static routing in complex hybrid network environments.

Hub based LAN simulation using QualNet

In the domain of network technologies, Local Area Networks (LANs) play a crucial role in enabling device connectivity and seamless communication. This research work presents a simulation study conducted using QUALNET, a robust network simulation tool, to explore the characteristics and performance of a hub-based LAN topology. Additionally, this research study explores the integration of a wireless network, reflecting diverse real-world scenarios encountered in modern network infrastructures. This research study involves a setup with a central hub connected to ten client devices via wired links, with the main server as a central node. Moreover, three client devices are incorporated into a wireless network, creating a hybrid networking environment. The proposed methodology entails extensive parameter configurations and simulated scenarios, aimed at evaluating the network's behaviour under varying conditions and loads. This research study serves as a practical guide for network simulation enthusiasts and showcases the evolving network topologies that are crucial in the current digital landscape. The proposed study underscores the importance of assessing the performance of hub-based LANs and their interplay with wireless networks, emphasizing the relevance of such studies in the context of network design and optimization.

The Network Live Migration Design Based On The Mobile IPv6 Network Mobility For Hybrid Cloud Network

In the Cloud Computing, the migration mechanism can provide services, computing jobs and resources moved from a virtual environment to another virtual environment, and service providers can fit out their logic network architectures to offer services for user requirements. The network live migration across the different networks is a big challenge of the migration mechanism. In the paper, logical network architecture was proposed to provide the Cloud Computing in a hybrid network environment. The logical network concept, tunnel technology, domain name service and some existing network protocols were integrated into the proposed mechanism to provide network live migration across the different networks. The proposed mechanism implemented based on Open vSwitch and XEN. In our experimental results, we confirm that the proposed mechanism can provide network live migration across the different networks, and the network service will not be break. The performance evaluations also show that the proposed architecture can better than the NEMO solution.

Convergence Time Monitoring Algorithm in Hybrid Software Defined Networks

Network consummation especially dependent on traffic monitoring. Therefore, Software Defined Network (SDN) technology is submitted to support the flow control suitable monitoring by providing a global view of the network. Unfortunately, replacing the entire traditional network to SDN is complex, which leads to the need of SDN switches deployment to the current network. Thus, a hybrid network environment has emerged which consists of centralized controller, SDN switch and legacy routers. Hence, the advantage of the integration of traditional network and SDN will take place. The controller can collect SDN data instantly, while it waits for a long time to obtain the legacy network data. On the other hand, the rest of paths cannot be processed directly by the controller. Therefore, legacy path load data is estimated for the past time to support the controller for obtaining the current data. The convergence time of the proposed algorithm takes more convergence time than the full SDN by only 12%. Therefore, the proposed algorithm provides installing the minimum possible number of SDN switches that reduce the infrastructure cost.

Hybrid SDN evolution: A comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is an evolutionary networking paradigm which has been adopted by large network and cloud providers, among which are Tech Giants. However, embracing a new and futuristic paradigm as an alternative to well-established and mature legacy networking paradigm requires a lot of time along with considerable financial resources and technical expertise. Consequently, many enterprises cannot afford it. A compromise solution then is a hybrid networking environment (a.k.a. Hybrid SDN (hSDN)) in which SDN functionalities are leveraged while existing traditional network infrastructures are acknowledged.Recently, hSDN has been seen as a viable networking solution for a diverse range of businesses and organizations. Accordingly, the body of literature on hSDN research has improved remarkably. On this account, we present this paper as a comprehensive state-of-the-art survey which expands upon hSDN from many different perspectives.

Using group anonymity to hide the identity of VoIP mobile users communicating over hybrid networks while preserving quality of service

Security and privacy have become critical in computer networks, especially with the emergence of E-commerce. Other than securing the transfer of data, users are interested in protecting their profile privacy against exposure attacks. Multimedia communications are at the core of new information and communication technologies. We seek to achieve end users' profile privacy without violating the Quality of Service constraints on the throughput, end-to-end delay, and jitter, as these parameters represent the critical factors in multimedia applications. We propose an end-to-end anonymity design that takes into consideration the constraints of Voice-over-IP applications in a hybrid network environment, which involves ad hoc and infrastructure networks. Using clusterheads for communication anonymity to preserve user profile privacy, as well as encryption of the real-time protocol payload, we prove using analysis and simulations that our model can be easily integrated into currently deployed network infrastructures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Research on Cloud Servicer Dynamically Select Models in Music VoD Hybrid Network Environment

Video server providers invest more and more on the server, for how to provide a stable and low-cost continuous service to users of this problem. In this paper, hybrid architecture in the user how to choose a cloud server in-depth analysis. And how to choose a cloud server for this problem, this paper analyzes the current server selection method, coupled with P2P mode users the ability to upload and server memory on this basis for modeling, then verified through simulation experiments proposed the effectiveness of the method.

Editorial for CollaborateCom 2011 Special Issue

Editorial: Collaboration is an essential cornerstone of modern computing. Enabled by cloud computing, new wireless networks, ubiquitous mobile devices – to name just a few – the new collaborative ecosystem promises a potential that far exceeds our current capabilities. And as the world heads towards unlimited connectivity and global mobile computing, future collaboration solutions that fully realize this potential will require advances in networking, technology and systems, user interfaces and interaction paradigms, and interoperation with application-specific components and tools. As a nexus for collaborative computing, the Seventh International Conference on Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing (CollaborateCom 2011) serves as a premier international forum for discussion among academic and industrial researchers, practitioners, and students interested in collaborative networking, technology and systems, and applications. In total, we received 62 submissions to CollaborateCom 2011. After a rigorous review and follow-up discussions, the Program Committee selected 19 papers for acceptance (a rate of 30 %). Following the completion of the conference, the Program Committee selected three of the best papers from the conference that best exemplify the themes of CollaborateCom and mobile computing for special invited submission to this issue. These three papers underwent a series of new reviews and revisions before appearing as you will find them here. In the first paper titled “Data Replication in Cooperative Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks: A game theoretic replication algorithm using volunteers' dilemma,” Hirsch and Madria propose a new replication scheme to strategically balance the constrained resources inherent in a mobile computing environment through a cooperative game theoretic approach. Nodes within the network collaborate via cooperative replica caching decisions to achieve overall improved query response times while reducing the query error rate and energy utilization. The second paper titled “Combining Mobile XMPP Entities and Cloud Services for Collaborative Post-Disaster Management in Hybrid Network Environments,” by Klauck and Kirsche presents a new system design that integrates portable devices and autonomous sensors through XMPP with the flexibility of cloud services to support post-disaster management. Through implementation and evaluation of two prototypes, they derive new insights into the practical application of XMPP and potential enhancements in hybrid (ad hoc and infrastructure) network scenarios. In the third paper titled “ChameleonSoft: Software Behavior Encryption For Moving Target Defense,” Azab and Elotweissy propose a biologically-inspired defense system that employs multidimensional software diversity to overcome the vulnerability of the persistent software monoculture. The system – ChameleonSoft – is built over a celloriented architecture, applying a multidimensional spatiotemporal diversity and hot shuffling of variants, hence effecting software execution behavior encryption, as well as adjusting its system policies at runtime to meet the continual change in the operational environment. As you read this issue, we believe you'll find that the selected papers make significant contributions to J. Caverlee (*) Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA e-mail: caverlee@cse.tamu.edu

Performance Analysis Of Dsdv And Dsr Under Variable Node Speed In Hybrid Scenario

The mobile ad hoc networks have gained immense popularity in the current decade due their less costly and rapid deployability, inherent support for mobility and the potential to provide ad hoc connectivity to devices. Routing in mobile ad hoc network is considered as a challenging task due to the drastic and unpredictable changes in the network topology resulting from the random and frequent movement of the nodes and due to the absence of any centralized control. Routing becomes even more complex in hybrid networking scenario where the MANET is combined with the fixed network for covering wider network area with less fixed infrastructure. Although, several routing protocols have been developed and tested under various network environments, but, the simulations of such routing protocols have not taken into account the hybrid networking environments. In this work we have carried out a systematic simulation based performance study and analysis of the two prominent routing protocols: Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Routing (DSDV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocols in the hy-brid networking environment under varying node speed. We have analyzed the performance differentials on the basis of three metrics – packet delivery fraction, average end-to-end delay and normalized routing load using NS2 based simulation.

Combining Mobile XMPP Entities and Cloud Services for Collaborative Post-Disaster Management in Hybrid Network Environments

Crises such as the Fukushima incident in Japan showed the demand for flexible and easy-to-use monitoring and communication systems to support post-disaster management (i.e. the organization of actions in the follow-up of disasters), especially when critical infrastructure is affected. Such systems can effectively only be realized with a merging of various device classes and the integration of mobile actors and wireless communication technologies to provide the necessary flexibility. This article introduces a system design that combines portable hand-held devices as well as autonomous sensors through XMPP with the flexibility of cloud services to support post-disaster management. This combination provides the communication between the different involved parties (e.g., rescue teams, relief forces, NGOs) and enables a global view on sensed data through the use of cloud-based storage and analysis services. Along with a discussion about requirements and a description of appropriate solutions and initial evaluations, we present new insights on the practical appliance of XMPP and potential enhancements for XMPP-based real life collaboration applications in hybrid (ad hoc and infrastructure) network scenarios. We also show that resource constrained devices can run the XMPP protocol to extend smartphones with sensors or to connect different device classes in a seamless way.

Efficient Hybrid Network (Wired and Wireless) Intrusion Detection using Statistical Data Streams and Detection of Clustered Alerts

Problem statement: Wireless LAN IEEE 802.11 protocols are growing rapidly and security has always been a concern with the security of wired network. Wireless networks encountered threats from unauthorized access to network resources, installation of access points and illegal sniffing (refer as classical intrusion threats). In its current hybrid wired and wireless network attacks on the generally distinguish from normal cable intrusion attacks, selective forwarding attacks, MAC spoofing attacks. This means that the simple traditional misuse detection and anomaly detection model alone not sufficient to identify these mixed attacks on the hybrid network (wired and wireless). Approach: Our proposed work presents a hybrid cluster-based intrusion detection statistical anomaly, for detecting selective forwarding in wireless networks and intrusion into traditional wired networks. The detection was identified by changes in the statistical characteristics of data traffic on the wireless network. The clustering of data traffic based on the characteristics of alert classes and normal classes improve the performance of our hybrid intrusion detection in both wired and wireless network efficiently. The simulation was performed to evaluate the performance of wired intrusion detection systems to the proposed wireless intrusion detection on the data traffic in the area of wired and wireless hybrid network environment. Results: The proposed wireless intrusion detection system sharply detect the statistical change point detection of intrusion behavior in terms of attack rate and throughput of data traffic. The probability of intrusion attack and detection delay were measured in the simulation scenario, the result is 17% better than the current part of the exiting wired intrusion detection. Conclusion: The proposed anomaly intrusion traffic detection scheme performs better in heterogametic hybrid network (i.e., wired and wireless) compared to that of conventional homogeneous intrusion detection network models.

HYBRID SCENARIO BASED PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DSDV AND DSR

The area of mobile ad hoc networking has received considerable attention of the research community in recent years. These networks have gained immense popularity primarily due to their infrastructure-less mode of operation which makes them a suitable candidate for deployment in emergency scenarios like relief operation, battlefield etc., where either the pre-existing infrastructure is totally damaged or it is not possible to establish a new infrastructure quickly. However, MANETs are constrained due to the limited transmission range of the mobile nodes which reduces the total coverage area. Sometimes the infrastructure-less ad hoc network may be combined with a fixed network to form a hybrid network which can cover a wider area with the advantage of having less fixed infrastructure. In such a combined network, for transferring data, we need base stations which act as gateways between the wired and wireless domains. Due to the hybrid nature of these networks, routing is considered a challenging task. Several routing protocols have been proposed and tested under various traffic conditions. However, the simulations of such routing protocols usually do not consider the hybrid network scenario. In this work we have carried out a systematic performance study of the two prominent routing protocols: Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Routing (DSDV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocols in the hybrid networking environment. We have analyzed the performance differentials on the basis of three metrics - packet delivery fraction, average end-to-end delay and normalized routing load under varying pause time with different number of sources using NS2 based simulation.

Foreword: Routing and QoS over heterogeneous networks

Today, the Internet has become the most important communication infrastructure of our society. It enables worldwide users (individual, groups, and organizations) to access and exchange remote information scattered all over the world. Currently, due to the growing needs in telecommunications (Video on Demand, Video-Conference, VoIP, etc.) and the diversity of transported flows, the Internet still does not meet the requirements of integrated service networks that carry multimedia data traffic with a high quality of service (QoS). The main drivers of this evolution are the continuous growth of the bandwidth requests, the promise of cost improvements, and finally the possibility of increasing profits by offering new services. First, the Internet does not support resource reservation which is primordial to guarantee an end-to-end QoS (bounded delay, bounded delay jitter, and/or bounded loss ratio). Second, flow packets may be subjected to unpredictable delays and thus may arrive at their destination after the expiration time, which is undesirable for continuous real-time media. In this context, to optimize the financial investment of their networks, operators must use the same underlying Internet infrastructure to transport all types of flows including those associated with strict QoS requirements. Therefore, we need to develop high quality control mechanisms that can support efficient end-to-end QoS requirements. It is clear that the integration and support of these QoS parameters increases the complexity of current QoS routing algorithms and models. Many QoS challenges still exist in emerging hybrid networks often consisting of a highly heterogeneous mix of several different types of networks (wireless, broadcast, mobile, fixed, etc.) especially during the routing process which is central to the delivery of optimal performances in hybrid network environments. Providing a good QoS in heterogeneous networks for irregular traffic flows remains a significant challenge. A general problem of large-scale, distributed systems is the everincreasing complexity of their operations. This complexity is mainly driven by heterogeneity. The wide variety of underlying technologies deployed within a network and their different, if not proprietary, operational paradigms makes it hard for network operators to solve. Moreover, network operations are typically handled by one or more human operators. Manual control is time-consuming, expensive, and error-prone. Nevertheless, both technologies and needs continue to develop and grow. The risk is thus that complexity and cost become limiting factors in the evolution of networks in the future and for the enriched services these networks are expected to deliver. We have witnessed significant interests in recent years in the area of QoS routing algorithms that can support Ann. Telecommun. (2008) 63:543–544 DOI 10.1007/s12243-008-0066-x

An efficient Hash Table-Based Node Identification Method for bandwidth reservation in hybrid cellular and ad-hoc networks

Hybrid cellular and wireless ad-hoc network architectures are currently considered to be promising alternative solutions to the standalone cellular or ad-hoc network architectures. In this paper, we propose an efficient Hash Table-Based Node Identification (HTNI) Method using which bandwidth for various flows can be reserved in such network environments. Bandwidth reservation depends on the type of the traffic and its priorities. We define a bandwidth reservation factor for use in such hybrid network environments. We propose a cross-layer-based architecture for bandwidth reservation to maintain Quality-of-Service (QoS). We use a priority re-allocation method for flows which starve for long time. The proposed method is useful for finding the position of nodes with low communication cost.

INNOVATIVE NETWORKING CONCEPTS TESTED ON THE ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY SATELLITE

This paper describes a program of experiments conducted over the advanced communications technology satellite (ACTS) and the associated T1-VSAT (very small aperture terminal). The experiments were motivated by the commercial potential of low-cost receive-only satellite terminals that can operate in a hybrid network environment, and by the desire to demonstrate frame relay technology over satellite networks. The first experiment tested highly adaptive methods of satellite bandwidth allocation in an integrated voice–data service environment. The second involved comparison of forward error correction (FEC) and automatic-repeat-request (ARQ) methods of error control for satellite communication with emphasis on the advantage that a hybrid architecture provides, especially in the case of multicasts. Finally, the third experiment demonstrated hybrid access to databases and compared the performance of internetworking protocols for interconnecting local area networks (LANs) via satellite. A custom unit termed frame relay access switch (FRACS) was developed by COMSAT Laboratories for these experiments; the preparation and conduct of these experiments involved a total of 20 people from the University of Maryland, the University of Colorado and COMSAT Laboratories, from late 1992 until 1995.

Performance evaluation of broadband connections and services under varying traffic loads

The paper presents ongoing work in the RACE R1056 project which is related to the integration and verification part of the RACE programme. The project goal is to establish a basic business integrated broadband communications (IBC) demonstrator in an evolutionary hybrid network environment. The demonstrator configuration consists of a switching node, a customer access and a customer premises network; its physical implementation is described. Some key business services which are to be demonstrated together with the supporting user terminals are presented.Test objectives cover verification of the hardware performance, interface compatibility and verification of a new transfer mode technique: ATM (asynchronous transfer mode). Verification activity covers the network performance (verification of end-to-end connections and measurements of key parameters). Evaluation activities cover network performance and its relationship to the quality of service perceived by a user.