Hybrid Microspheres Research Articles

Low swelling and high mechanical strength organosilane hybrid polydivinylbenzene microspheres for hydrophilic interaction chromatography applications.

In this work, monodisperse organosilane hybrid polymer microspheres with a particle size of about 5µm were synthesized using seed swelling polymerization. The organosilicon reagent methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane was introduced into the polymer framework as a copolymerization monomer, and the crosslinking degree of the microspheres was improved by the hydrolysis-condensation reaction of siloxanes. The synthesized hybrid microspheres have good mechanical strength as well as low swelling, with swelling propensity values of 0.167 and 0.348 in methanol and acetonitrile, respectively. Hybrid microspheres modified with cysteine have a hydrophilic interaction chromatography/reversed-phase liquid chromatography mixed-mode retention mechanism. Compared to the commercial cysteine-modified silica column, the synthesized stationary phase has higher separation selectivity for partially acidic or basic samples and better basic resistance for use under high pH mobile phase conditions (at least 10).

One-step synthesis of versatile PbMoO4@CdMoO4 microspheres hybrid for the enhanced photocatalytic dye degradation

In this work, we have demonstrated the productive synthesis of novel and versatile CdMoO4@PbMoO4 microspheres hybrid photocatalysts by a simple chemical reduction process. Fabricated CdMoO4@PbMoO4 hybrid microsphere characteristics were analyzed by various techniques to ascertain their structural and morphological properties. The photocatalytic degradation properties of CdMoO4@PbMoO4 hybrid microspheres were evaluated against methylene blue (MB) and congo red (CR) colorants under visible light. The hierarchical structure of CdMoO4@PbMoO4 along with the modulated bandgap, interfacial valence state electrons shift, and quick conversion of the Cd2+/Pb2+ cycle led to the display of the 98 % and 97 % degradations of CR and MB under visible light treatment, respectively which is superior to the corresponding pure structures degradation efficiency, signifying their boosted catalytic properties. Furthermore, the degradation mechanism endorsed excellent dye photodegradation under visible light illumination by the novel CdMoO4@PbMoO4 microspheres hybrid catalyst. The observations gave more insight into the progress of the advancement of CdMoO4@PbMoO4 microspheres hybrid to effectively detoxify perilous and toxic water effluents for industrial purposes.

In Situ Synthesis of Exfoliated Ni(OH)2 Nanosheets and AgNPs-Embedded Functionalized Polyindole-Based Trinary Hybrid Microspheres: A Z-Scheme Photocatalyst for the Sunlight-Driven Degradation of Organic Pollutants with Enhanced Antibacterial Efficacy.

Advancing a facile one-pot synthetic approach for the fabrication of a hybrid heterojunction photocatalyst remains a significant challenge in research pursuits. Herein, a microsphere-like trinary hybrid nanocomposite has been synthesized (NH/PIn/MAA/Ag). It comprises exfoliated single- and a few-layered Ni(OH)2 (NH nanosheets), mercaptoacetate-functionalized polyindole (PIn/MAA), and Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) through an in situ approach. The formation mechanism is based on the exfoliation of stacked Ni(OH)2 multilayers [i.e., Ni(OH)2 microflowers] and stabilization of NH nanosheets through host-guest formation of PIn/MAA, followed by the adsorption-reduction of Ag+ ions in a one-pot reaction at low temperature. Surface morphological analyses of hybrid nanocomposite microspheres have exhibited that highly dense Ni(OH)2 microflowers have been transformed into low-density layered forms (NH nanosheets) within the polymeric platform (PIn/MAA) with deposited AgNPs. An interfacial heterojunction has been developed between the components in the depletion region, leading to an improvement in photocatalytic efficiency through a synergistic effect over the components for charge separation and transfer through the heterojunction interface via solid-state mediator Ag-based Z-scheme charge transfer dynamics. The superior photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline (98.2%) by trinary hybrid microspheres can be attributed to the deteriorated recombination rate of electron-hole pairs with reduced charge transfer resistance of the heterojunction in the photocatalyst, as obvious from photoluminescence, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, chronoamperometry, and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) analyses. Moreover, the antibacterial properties of microspheres against Bacillus pumilus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) bacteria have validated their potential as promising materials for the overall purification of aquatic systems.

Room-temperature ethanol sensors based on amorphous Ta2O5/Pd hybrid microspheres

Ta2O5/Pd hybrid microspheres were readily synthesized via a one-step thermal solution process employing a template composed of glucose carbon spheres, yielding a structure characterized by a rough and porous surface. This morphology offers an expanded contact area and increased sites for ethanol reactions of Ta2O5/Pd hybrid microspheres. At room temperature (25 °C), the Ta2O5/Pd hybrid microspheres exhibited responsiveness to ethanol concentrations ranging from 50 to 700 ppm, displaying a linear response pattern to a narrow concentration gradient of 90–120 ppm. The hybrid exhibited notable sensitivity, manifesting a response value of 5.1–100 ppm ethanol. In addition, they displayed less responsiveness to other VOCs gases, were minimally affected by humidity, and maintained gas-sensitive stability for 30 days, demonstrating excellent selectivity and long-term stability. Based on the fitting curve analysis, the material theoretically demonstrated the ability to detect ethanol at concentrations as low as 101 ppb. Ta2O5/Pd hybrid microspheres modified by glucose carbon sphere templates and noble metal nanoparticles are promising candidates for ethanol room temperature sensing, providing new insights into the development of room temperature sensing.

Colorimetric detection of diamine using diamine oxidase and horseradish peroxidase co-incorporated hybrid microsphere as biomimetic cascade enzymes

Dual-enzyme co-embedded materials have shown high potential for achieving efficient detection due to the convenience of two-enzyme cascade reactions. Herein, we developed a dual-enzyme hybrid microsphere (HM) based biosensor to detect diamines (histamine was included for ease of description) in aquatic products. The HM was made from diamine oxidase, horseradish peroxidase, and copper phosphate through the biomineralization method. Under optimal conditions, the system displayed linear color response to histamine of different concentrations ranging from 0 to 200 μg/mL. The detection limit of histamine was 0.15 μg/mL, showing higher sensitivity than the two-step free enzyme assay. Moreover, the detection system exhibited good specificity to diamines. The method was used to detect diamines in commercial samples, and the results were compared with those measured by the high-performance liquid chromatography method. Overall, the proposed assay exhibited high potential in diamine quantification and was readily extended to other cascade enzymatic reaction-based detection strategies.

Hierarchical HAp-AuNR hybrid microspheres as pH/NIR sensitive Drug Carrier for Photothermal /Chemo Synergic Therapy

Hierarchical HAp-AuNR hybrid microspheres as pH/NIR sensitive Drug Carrier for Photothermal /Chemo Synergic Therapy

Arone-containing cyclomatrix-type polyphosphazene hybrid microspheres for epoxy resin: Enhancing fire safety and mechanical properties

Arone-containing cyclomatrix-type polyphosphazene hybrid microspheres (PZK) were synthesized to enhance both the fire safety and mechanical performance of epoxy resin (EP). The chemical structure and micro-morphology of PZK were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Subsequently, PZK was employed in fabricating EP thermosets. Thermal properties of the PZK modified EP thermosets were comprehensively assessed through thermalgravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis. The results indicate that PZK endowed EP with enhanced char yield and storage modulus, attributed to its exceptional thermal stability and distinctive microsphere structure. Additionally, with only a 1.5% loading of PZK, EP achieved a UL-94 V-1 rating during vertical flame testing, accompanied by an increased limiting oxygen index of 28.3%. Additional analysis with a cone calorimeter demonstrated that the addition of PZK markedly reduced the peak heat release rate, total heat release, fire growth rate, and total smoke production of EP, indicating notable efficacy in suppressing heat and smoke release. Char residue and pyrolysis products were analyzed using SEM, TG-FTIR, and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, revealing that PZK effectively inhibits the release of combustible gases from EP during thermal decomposition. The expected generation of Ph—O• radicals from arone units in PZK suggested a gaseous free radical trapping mechanism. The phosphazene framework played a crucial role in forming condensed-phase char due to its exceptional thermal stability. Consequently, PZK exhibited a typical biphasic flame-retardant mechanism for EP. Notably, the study observed that the introduction of PZK simultaneously enhances the tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of EP, with a particularly significant improvement observed in impact strength. This research expands the scope of investigation into the preparation and flame-retardant application of cyclomatrix-type polyphosphazene hybrid microspheres in polymers.

Preparing high-performance microspheres based on the chitosan-assisted dispersion of reduced graphene oxide in aqueous solution for bilirubin removal

The removal of excess bilirubin from blood is of great clinical importance. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is often used to efficiently remove bilirubin. However, thin rGO pieces tend to aggregate in the aqueous phase because they are hydrophobic. In this context, we propose an effective strategy based on the chitosan-assisted (CS-assisted) dispersion of rGO to produce high-performance bilirubin-adsorbing microspheres. CS possesses a hydrophobic CH structure, which offers strong hydrophobic interactions with rGO that assist its dispersion, and the large number of hydrophilic sites of CS increases the hydrophilicity of rGO. CS serves as a dispersant in a surfactant-like manner to achieve a homogeneous and stable CS/rGO dispersion by simply and gently stirring CS and rGO in a LiOH/KOH/urea/H2O system. Subsequently, CS/rGO hybrid microspheres were prepared by emulsification. CS ensures blood compatibility as a base material, and the entrapped rGO contributes to mechanical strength and a high adsorption capacity. The CS/rGO microspheres exhibited a high bilirubin adsorption capacity (215.56 mg/g), which is significantly higher than those of the rGO and CS microspheres. The determined mass-transfer factors revealed that the rich pores of the CS/rGO microspheres promote mass transfer during bilirubin adsorption (equilibrium is almost achieved within 30 min). The CS/rGO microspheres are promising candidates for bilirubin removal owing to a combination of high strength, blood compatibility, and high adsorption capacity.

Chitosan-PNIPAM Thermogel Associated with Hydrogel Microspheres as a Smart Formulation for MSC Injection.

Regenerative medicine based on cell therapy has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of various medical conditions. However, the success of cell therapy heavily relies on the development of suitable injectable hydrogels that can encapsulate cells and provide a conducive environment for their survival, proliferation, and tissue regeneration. Herein, we address the medical need for cyto- and biocompatible injectable hydrogels by reporting on the synthesis of a hydrogel-forming thermosensitive copolymer. The copolymer was synthesized by grafting poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-carboxymethyl acrylate) (PNIPAM-COOH) onto chitosan through amide coupling. This chemical modification resulted in the formation of hydrogels that exhibit a sol-gel transition with an onset at approximately 27 °C, making them ideal for use in injectable applications. The hydrogels supported the survival and proliferation of cells for several days, which is critical for cell encapsulation. Furthermore, the study evaluates the addition of collagen/chitosan hybrid microspheres to support the adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells within the hydrogels. Altogether, these results demonstrate the potential of the PNIPAM-chitosan thermogel for cell encapsulation and its possible applications in regenerative medicine.

Confinement and phase engineering boosting 1T phase MoS2/carbon hybrid for high‐performance capacitive deionization

AbstractCapacitive deionization (CDI) has attracted significant attention as a water treatment technology owing to its low cost, high efficiency, and eco‐friendliness. However, the unsatisfactory desalination performance of traditional electrode materials hinders the development of CDI. Herein, 1T‐MoS2/C hybrid microspheres are successfully fabricated through confinement and phase engineering strategies. The confinement effect of porous hollow carbon microspheres reduces the overgrowth and agglomeration of MoS2 nanosheets, which is beneficial for exposing more active sites and enhancing stability. Meanwhile, the 1T phase MoS2 displays high intrinsic conductivity and large interlayer spacing, which is conducive to rapid insertion/extraction of Na+. Consequently, 1T‐MoS2/C hybrid becomes a prospect electrode material for CDI, which showcases outstanding desalination capacity (48.1 mg/g at 1.2 V), eminent desalination rate as well as exceptional stability. Moreover, the desalination mechanisms are clarified through various characterizations and density functional theory calculations. This study provides new perspectives on designing high‐performance MoS2‐based CDI electrode materials.

Mesoporous Magnetic/Polymer Hybrid Nanoabsorbent for Rapid and Efficient Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Wastewater.

As an advanced water purification technology, magnetic nanoabsorbents are highly attractive for their sustainability, robustness, and energy efficiency. However, magnetic responsiveness and high adsorptive capacity are irreconcilable during the design and synthesis of a high-performance magnetic nanoabsorbent. Here, we address this issue by designing a kind of mesoporous magnetic polymer hybrid microspheres, where functional polymers such as polyrhodanine and polypyrrole were attached to the pore walls in the interior of mesoporous Fe3O4 microspheres through in situ polymerization. Due to the integrated large saturation magnetic moment, porous structure, and dense polymer layer, the mesoporous magnetic polymer hybrid microspheres demonstrated fast magnetic responsiveness, excellent recycling performance, and high adsorption capacities toward Pb(II) ions (189 mg g-1) for polyrhodanine and Cr(VI) ions (199 mg g-1) for polypyrrole. Furthermore, their potential application in wastewater treatment was verified by a self-made magnetic separation column, where the designed magnetic nanoabsorbent exhibits significant advantages including rapid separation of heavy metal ions and high outflow. This study provided a promising magnetic polymer hybrid nanoabsorbent for realizing efficient removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater.

Tailoring microstructure of superabsorbent film for active food packaging using carboxy methyl cellulose and biogenic vaterite CaCO3–Ag hybrid microspheres

Eliminating microbial growth and preventing food degradation from excess moisture is an important technological advance in packaging. This article describes the development of a novel antimicrobial superabsorbent pad for food packaging, which uses carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) as a polymer matrix and biogenic vaterite calcium carbonate microspheres loaded with AgNPs (CaCO3–Ag). The spherical vaterite CaCO3–Ag hybrid was obtained by precipitating CaCO3 from discarded eggshells in silver colloid. The vaterite CaCO3–Ag microspheres were incorporated into the CMC matrix, which underwent physical cross-linking initially and was further chemically cross-linked during film surface treatment. The resulting three-layer film exhibits improved hardness and modulus of 0.09 and 3.30 GPa, respectively. The crystallinity was enhanced, and water absorption capacity attained was 13.87 times of film weight. The antimicrobial activity with inhibition zones of 6 and 14 mm against Escherichia coli and minced pork bacteria, makes it suitable for use as an antimicrobial superabsorbent pad in meat packaging applications.

Formulation, Development, and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Triggered Calcium Carbonate Hybrid Microspheres for Sustained Delivery of Quetiapine: In-vitro and Ex-vivo Studies

Quetiapine (QTP) is a moderately water-soluble biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II antipsychotic drug used to treat schizophrenia. Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) microspheres were prepared using a co-precipitation approach. The Quetiapine was translocated to the brain through a nasal route using carboxymethyl chitosan-calcium carbonate (CMC-CaCO3) hybrid microspheres. During this process, optimization controlled the size of the microspheres by controlling the volume of solution, precipitating agent, and concentration ratios of the precursors. The optimized batch showed a narrow size distribution with high stability in the dispersed phase as characterized by dynamic light scattering. Preliminary characterization revealed crosslinking formation between the carboxymethyl groups of chitosan and the CaCO3 may be responsible for the spherical structure. The preliminary evaluations were done with Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and UV visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The surface morphology was assessed by scanning electron microscopy that showed the microscale range of the spherical-shaped particles. The ex-vivo mucoadhesive studies suggested a high binding affinity toward mucin, having a sustained release effect for up to 8 h.

Hierarchical porous honeycomb microspheres assembled by MoS2 nanocrystals-embedded carbon nanosheets for high-performance lithium storage

Hierarchical porous honeycomb microspheres assembled by MoS2 nanocrystals-embedded carbon nanosheets are synthesized by constructing polystyrene (PS) sphere-embedded Mo-polydopamine organic/inorganic hybrid microspheres, followed by carbonization and sulfuration. The as-prepared composite is systematically studied by various material characterization techniques. It is found that the diameters of the microspheres and honeycomb pores are 3–5 μm and 200 nm. The specific surface area reaches 150.8 m2 g−1. MoS2@honeycomb carbon microsphere anode can achieve outstanding rate performance (237 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1), high specific capacity and stable long-term cycling performance (reversible capacity of 1199 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 120 cycles, 599 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 after 300 cycles with capacity decay rate of 0.07 % per cycle, 495 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 after 500 cycles). The high reversible capacity is mainly derived from conversion reaction of MoS2 and lithiation reaction of S, as revealed by the analyses on the rate discharge curves. Kinetic measurements and ex-situ characterization further demonstrate the fast and stable Li+ diffusion, low impedance, strong capacitive effect and robust composite structure. The assembled full cell exhibits a reversible capacity of 209.7 mAh g−1 after 1880 cycles at 5 A g−1 and can power a red LED lamp. Overall, the excellent lithium storage performance manifests the significant potential of this MoS2 composite in high-performance lithium-ion batteries.

Self-assembly of 3D hierarchical halloysite-nanotube/CoAl-LDH-nanosheet hybrid microspheres for high-performance degradation of norfloxacin

In this paper, 3D hierarchical CoAl-LDH microsphere hybrid catalysts were fabricated via a facile two-step procedure. The results demonstrated that halloysite (Hal)-nanotube and CoAl-LDH-nanosheet were reconstructed into 3D hierarchical hybrid microspheres. In addition to providing Al element, the Hal also maintained a high specific surface area of the microspheres and exhibited excellent adsorption properties. The novel catalysts could activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to generate HO• and SO4•– free radicals, resulting in a 97% degradation rate of norfloxacin (NOR) at a concentration of 20 mg/L. This study provides insights into using nano-clay precursors for constructing CoAl-LDH hybrid catalysts to purify antibiotic contaminants from aqueous environments.

Enhancing out-of-plane thermal conductivity of polyimide-based composites via the construction of inter-external dual heat conduction network by binary fillers

Polyimide (PI) materials have found widespread utilization in advanced electronic systems. PIs with enhanced out-of-plane thermal conductivity (K⊥) are urgently required to address the rising need for heat dissipation. However, their production remains a formidable challenge due to the difficulty of constructing heat transmission channels along the thickness direction. This study introduces an innovative approach to enhance the K⊥ values of PI-based composites by utilizing binary fillers to construct an inter-external dual heat conduction network. To achieve this, we first prepared PI/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid microspheres via solution mixing and precipitation. The microspheres were then coated with boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) by self-assembly to form a core-shell architecture. This assembly undergoes further refinement via cold-pressing and subsequent densification through hot-pressing, ultimately producing the (PI/rGO)@BNNS composites. This strategy improved K⊥ values significantly, with a 13-fold and 3-fold increase in the K⊥ value (3.98 W m−1 K−1) in comparison to pure PI (0.31 W m−1 K−1) and the random distribution composite (1.45 W m−1 K−1), respectively. The finite element analysis confirmed that the synergistic effect of rGO inside the PI phase and BNNS outside the PI phase greatly increased the heat transfer in PI-based composites. When utilized as a thermal interface material (TIM) for LED bulbs, the (PI/rGO)@BNNS composites exhibit an excellent heat dissipation capacity. Additionally, the prepared composites also maintain electrical insulation and present a reduced coefficient of thermal expansion. Overall, our work provides a simple and efficient technique for enhancing the out-of-plane thermal conductivity and maintain the electrical insulation of high-performance PI-based materials, which could have broad application potential in next-generation electronic devices.

Preparation of amino-bagasse/metakaolin based geopolymer hybrid microsphere as a low-cost and effective adsorbent for Cu(Ⅱ)

This study focuses on the utilization of an amino-sugarcane bagasse/metakaolin-based geopolymer hybrid microsphere adsorbent (ASB-MGM) for the efficient removal of Cu2+ from aqueous solutions. The influence factors of pH value and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption amount of ASB-MGM were investigated. The BET specific surface area of the microsphere adsorbents enlarged from 18.09 m2/g to 49.16 m2/g with the incorporation of ASB, while reducing the average pore size from 17.59 nm to 7.76 nm. Characterization techniques including FT-IR, XPS, and SEM-EDS confirmed the successful doping of amino groups, enhancing the adsorption efficiency. The adsorption kinetics fitted a pseudo-second-order model with a maximum monolayer adsorption of 248.13 mg/g for Langmuir. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption process is a spontaneous heat absorption reaction with an increase in system disorder. The ASB-MGM-Cu was effectively regenerated using HCl (with concentration of 0.1 mol/L) and retained good adsorption capacity. The low-cost, eco-friendly synthesis method presented in this study offers a highly efficient approach for industrial-scale removal of Cu2+. Data avail abilityData will be made available on request.

Heterostructured NiSe2/MoSe2 electronic modulation for efficient electrocatalysis in urea assisted water splitting reaction

Efficient heterogeneous catalysts play a very important role in the value-updated green hydrogen production from urea-containing wastewater. Herein, NiSe2/MoSe2 heterostructured catalyst with optimized interfacial electron redistribution and urea adsorption energies via a strong built-in electric field was demonstrated effective for the urea-assisted water splitting reactions. Efficient catalytic performance was found on NiSe2/MoSe2 hybrid microsphere owing to the combined merits such as the unique structure features, the strong synergetic coupling effects, the increased active sites, and the high amount of intrinsic Ni3+ species. Excellent urea oxidation activity was found to drive 10 mA cm−2 at the potential of 1.33 V when loaded on the glassy carbon electrode, and a cell voltage of 1.47 V was required in the NiSe2/MoSe2||Pt/C urea-water electrolyzer to drive 10 mA cm−2, about 220 mV less than that of water electrolysis, indicating a less energy consumption technique during the electrolysis. The spectroscopic and theoretical analysis revealed the effective synergy of the Ni–Se bond and Mo–Se bond that would be promising for efficient catalyst system construction.

Ultra-high flame-retardant efficiency of phosphorous-silicon hybrid microsphere in poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)

A phosphorous-silicon (SiP) precursor was synthesized using p-phthalaldehyde, (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenantrene-10-oxide. The SiP was used to fabricate a phosphorous-silicon hybrid microsphere (SiP-M) via the sol-gel method. The SiP-M was employed to enhance the flame retardancy of poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). The results indicate that PBAT containing 0.1 wt% of SiP-M displays a UL-94 V0 rating and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 26.5 vol%. Meanwhile, PBAT containing 1.0 wt% SiP-M exhibits a UL-94 V0 rating and a LOI value of 29.8 vol%, and some reductions in peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production. The SiP-M functions in both the gas phase and condense phase in the PBAT blend, and the former is predominant. In addition, a coupling agent KH560 was used to modify the interface adhesion between PBAT and SiP-M. The tensile strength and elongation at the break of PBAT blends are enhanced by an appropriate amount of KH560. This work provides an efficient method for preparing flame-retardant PBAT without deteriorating its mechanical properties.

Polyphosphazene hybridized perovskite copper hydroxystannate microspheres effectively improve the flame retardant and mechanical properties of Poly(vinyl Chloride) Resin

AbstractTo effectively reduce the fire hazard of flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC), this study explored the synthesis of perovskite‐type copper hydroxystannate (CuSn(OH)6) microspheres by co‐precipitation method. Then an organic–inorganic hybrid microsphere (CuSn(OH)6@PZS) with core‐shell structure was fabricated by in situ coating with poly(cyclotriphosphazene‐co‐4,4′‐sulfonyldiphenol) (PZS). The results showed that CuSn(OH)6@PZS performs most significantly in reducing the total heat release, while the CuSn(OH)6 alone achieves the best smoke suppression effect. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of the PVC composites is improved from 29.0% to a maximum of 35.3%. During combustion, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total smoke production (TSP) decrease by a maximum of 50.8% and 44.9%, respectively. Significantly, the presence of the PZS coating also improves the interfacial compatibility with PVC. The mechanical properties were significantly improved and the elongation at break improving by 40.9%.