Hybrid Energy Technologies Research Articles

The Latest Advances in Ink-Based Nanogenerators: From Materials to Applications.

Nanogenerators possess the capability to harvest faint energy from the environment. Among them, thermoelectric (TE), triboelectric, piezoelectric (PE), and moisture-enabled nanogenerators represent promising approaches to micro-nano energy collection. These nanogenerators have seen considerable progress in material optimization and structural design. Printing technology has facilitated the large-scale manufacturing of nanogenerators. Although inks can be compatible with most traditional functional materials, this inevitably leads to a decrease in the electrical performance of the materials, necessitating control over the rheological properties of the inks. Furthermore, printing technology offers increased structural design flexibility. This review provides a comprehensive framework for ink-based nanogenerators, encompassing ink material optimization and device structural design, including improvements in ink performance, control of rheological properties, and efficient energy harvesting structures. Additionally, it highlights ink-based nanogenerators that incorporate textile technology and hybrid energy technologies, reviewing their latest advancements in energy collection and self-powered sensing. The discussion also addresses the main challenges faced and future directions for development.

Optimization and techno-economic analysis of hybrid renewable energy systems for the electrification of remote areas

The welfare of the villages is one of the primary objectives of the rural electrification programmes. Compared to electrifying urban regions, electrifying rural areas is more expensive. Energy requirements in rural areas can be met using hybrid energy technologies. This study proposes a cost-effective power solution to reduce the net present cost (NPC), cost of energy (COE), unmet loads and CO2 emissions. Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) and Homer Pro are used to optimize the size of the components of the system. The combination of solar, wind and biogas with a battery storage system is cost-effective with zero unmet loads. Of the three combinations considered, the values of COE and NPC for combination-1 were 0.156 ($/kWh) and $2.05 M respectively. The comparative analysis of optimization between the GWO technique and Homer Pro carried out shows that the value of COE and NPC are reduced by 5.45% and 3.30% respectively.

Penerapan Teknologi Energi Hybrid: Turbin Mikrohidro dan Panel Surya untuk Menambah Produksi Energi Listrik di Dusun Batu Saeng, Tanggamus, Lampung

APPLICATION OF HYBRID ENERGY TECHNOLOGY: MİCRO-HYDRO TURBİNE AND SOLAR PANELS TO INCREASE ELECTRİCAL ENERGY PRODUCTİON İN DUSUN BATU SAENG, TANGGAMUS, LAMPUNG. Dusun Batu Saeng, Tanggamus, Lampung is one of the areas that utilize the potential of the surrounding natural resources. One of the potentials used is river water which is used as a Micro Hydro Power Plant (PLTMH). However, the source of electrical energy that has been used for 10 years does not appear to be optimal in its utilization. This is because many components are damaged and unfit for use which has reduced their performance. The production of electrical energy from PLTMH is 8 kW which is distributed to 20 houses, this amount will be reduced during the dry season to 6-7 kW. Based on that, it is necessary to replace components such as turbines and generators with a capacity of 10 kW. In addition, during a prolonged dry season, it can also be utilized by installing a 1 kW photovoltaic as a Solar Power Plant (PLTS). Thus, by utilizing water and solar sources, more optimal electricity production can be produced through hybrid energy from PLTMH and PLTS in Dusun Batu Saeng, Lampung. The implementation stages include literature study, site survey, group discussion forum, design and planning, design and preparation, manufacture of PLTMH and PLTS, installation of PLTMH and PLTS, monitoring and evaluation, and final report. The result of this program is an increase in electricity production from 8 kW to 11 kW of hybrid energy from PLTMH and PLTS. It is hoped that in the future this program can be applied to other areas so that they become energy-independent communities.

Implementasi Sistem Kontrol Manajemen Energi Hibrid Berbasis Mikrokontroller

Currently, world researchers are competing to find the most effective and efficient way to use renewable energy sources, namely energy from sunlight and solar and wind heat or it can be called hybrid energy. The use of this hybrid energy technology can certainly save conventional fuel and reduce the risk of ecosystem damage caused. This study aims to see the energy value resulting from the implementation of a hybrid energy management control system that has been created based on a microcontroller. With the experimental method, the results were obtained that the solar cell voltage value was highest at 11 pm with 28.87 Vdc, then for the voltage of the wind energy was the highest at 27.85 at the 3rd minute at 4 pm. For energy testing of batteries, the results were obtained that if there is only one energy source to charge the battery, it takes 9 hours while if it is a hybrid energy source, it only takes 2.5 hours. This proves that hybrid energy is very effective rather than relying solely on one of the energy sources.

A comprehensive review of the prospects for rural electrification using stand-alone and hybrid energy technologies

The abrupt rise in energy demand has led many growing nations to a power shortage. Hence, most rural areas in those nations are purely dependent on off-grid based power generation for their electrification. Off-grid-based power generation has sounded loud recently for their higher advantage in generating independent energy and cost-cutting solutions in rural electrification. In this paper, a comprehensive review delivers enhanced hybrid electrification in rural areas using renewable energy sources like hydro, wind, biogas, and biomass. The review also highlights sustainable and reliable hybrid renewable power generation system operation. Furthermore, this review article focuses on the optimal integration of renewable energy systems used for rural electrification, factors influencing a particular hybrid energy system selection, and the energy management strategy followed to facilitate researchers' research work. The researchers and stakeholders can utilize the outcomes of this study for swotting rural electricity pricing and policymaking.

A review of hybrid energy technologies tenets, controls and combinational strategies

The biggest problem that has been faced globally is the extinction of natural resources for production of energy. Industries as well as consumers should devise some ways to generate energy by utilizing limited resources and hence making the system cost effective. The resources of renewable energy and their reserves are sources of survival in modern era. The ever-rising demand of electricity and the trend that has been shifted to electric vehicles require some devices that can be used for energy production, distribution and storage. The focus of this review is to deduce some efficient techniques utilizing the renewable energy resources that can be cost effective, environment friendly and most economical energy producers. This review also discusses the development of hybridized topologies and tenets, control and energy administrative policies, power electronics interface architectures, different methodologies applied in different hybrid energy systems, designing, types and application arenas. The objective was to uncover the evolution of hybrid energy systems by presenting the research that has already been conducted in this domain and to discuss diverse technologies and control mechanisms they have used in their research.

Optimal sizing of different configuration of photovoltaic, fuel cell, and biomass-based hybrid energy system.

The need for power is rising on a daily basis all across the world. Due to the finite supply of fossil fuels, it is critical to develop innovative non-renewable energy systems that can reduce reliance on conventional energy sources. A hybrid off-grid renewable energy system might be utilized to reduce reliance on traditional energy supplies, and to enhance the reliability of the renewable energy system. The process of selecting the appropriate combinations of components and their costs in order to produce an affordable, dependable, and effective alternative energy supply is known as hybrid system optimization. Hybrid energy technology can meet the energy needs of community very effectively. The goal of improving hybrid energy system control, size, and component selection is to offer society with a cost-effective electric power solution. The main aim of this paper is to use the proposed algorithm, i.e., hybrid chaotic particle swarm optimization and slime mould algorithm (HCPSOSMA), and Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) Software (Version 3.14.0) to minimize the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) supply and annualized cost system (ACS). The findings show that the proposed algorithm has an excellent convergence characteristic and the capacity to provide high-quality output. According to the simulation findings, the suggested off-grid-connected hybrid (solar PV/biomass/FC) power system is the most suitable and cost-effective option for the selected location, Patiala in Indian sub-continent.

Integrated electricity, hydrogen and methane system modelling framework: Application to the Dutch Infrastructure Outlook 2050

The future energy system is widely expected to show increasing levels of integration across differing energy carriers. Electricity, hydrogen, methane and heat systems may become increasingly interdependent due to coupling through conversion and hybrid energy technologies. Market parties, network operators, policy makers and regulators require tools to capture implications of possible techno-economic and institutional developments in one system for the operation of others. In this article, we provide an integrated electricity, hydrogen and methane systems modelling framework focusing on interdependencies between them. The proposed integrated electricity and (renewable) gas system model is a market equilibrium model with hourly price and volume interactions, considering ramp rates of conventional units, variability of intermittent renewables, conversion, transport as well as storage of electricity, hydrogen and methane. The integrated model is formulated as a linear program under the assumption of perfect competition. As proof-of-concept, the model has been applied to a test case consisting of 34 electricity nodes, 19 hydrogen nodes and 22 methane nodes, reflecting the regional governance scenario in the Dutch Infrastructure Outlook 2050 study. The case study also includes different sensitivity analyses with regard to variable renewable capacity, energy demand and biomass prices to illustrate model response to perturbations of its main drivers. This article demonstrates that the interweaving of electricity, hydrogen and methane systems can provide the required flexibility in the future energy system.

Adopting Hybrid Energy Technology for Carbon Emissions Reduction in Nigeria’s Telecommunications Industry

Telecoms cell sites, powered by petrol and diesel generators, have high carbon footprints and contribute increasingly to global warming, and thereby climate change. Utilizing primary data from telecom cell sites of a major operator in Nigeria, this study empirically determines the firm’s CO2 emissions and considers how hybrid energy technology (HET) could be adopted to reduce the industry’s carbon footprint. Data of fuel utilization in power generation are applied to compute CO2 emissions. Towards reducing the firm’s and industry’semissions, hybrid energy technology options for incorporating solarin the energy mix are considered. Hybrid energy technologies optimize existing hydrocarbon generating plants with photovoltaic panels and storage batteries to provide minimum capacities for powering the electronic devises. Results show that HET opportunities exist for most telecom firms’ cell sites given Nigeria’s geographical advantage to access sunlight. In addition, through the adoption of hybrid energy, average daily fuel usage is reduced by 50% (apart from periods of peak demand and weather disruptions). If adopted by the major telecoms operators, as recommended, greenhouse gas emissions level in the industry will reduce significantly.A few notable challenges are highlighted in the paper. However, job creation in the renewable energy industry is a notable advantage of transforming power generation in the telecommunications industry.

Modelling and optimization of an off-grid hybrid renewable energy system for electrification in a rural areas

Energy required by remote village areas can be met quite reliably by hybrid energy technologies. The project under consideration is for electrifying a group of three villages in Kollegal block of Chamarajanagar district, Karnataka State in India using an off-grid hybrid renewable energy system. The process of optimizing such hybrid energy system control, sizing and choice of components is to provide it with a cost effective power solution for the society. The main objective of this paper is to reduce the Total System Net Preset Cost (TNPC), Cost of Energy (COE), unmet load, CO2 emissions using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and HOMER Pro Software. The results of the two methods are compared with four combinations of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES). A sensitivity analysis is also performed on the best possible solution to the study for changes in annual wind speed and biomass fuel prices. Finally, a comparative analysis is performed between the GA and HOMER. Compared to HOMER, GA based HRES of combination-1( biogas+biomass+solar+ wind+ fuel cell with battery) is found to be the optimal solution supplying energy with 0% unmet load at the least cost of energy, which is at $ 0.163 per KWH. Thus PV saturation in GA is more cost effective than the HOMER.

Sustainable transformation of the global energy system: Natural gas in focus

The global energy system is experiencing a transformation. An analysis of the dynamics of global energy production and consumption indicates that a paradigm shift is occurring toward more reliable and sustainable energy sources with the dominance of natural gas. Even though the reserves-to-production ratio for hydrocarbons is declining, it is natural gas that can ensure the sustainable development of the energy system to meet the growing energy needs of humankind. Natural gas can also significantly reduce the environmental burden. In the medium term, it will be the main source of energy along a gradual transition to renewable energy. Natural gas can serve as a transition fuel within a broader deployment of hybrid energy technologies. Hybridization—the generation of energy using both fossil fuels and renewable energy sources—is one of the most promising areas of energy system development, contributing to a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. In our opinion, hybridization based on natural gas is a “bridge to the future” for the world energy system.

Design and numerical analysis of a hybrid geothermal PCM flat plate solar collector dryer for developing countries

Drying techniques reduce post-harvest food deterioration. However, conventional drying consumes 20–25% of the energy used in food processing industries. This work presents a detailed design and comprehensive numerical analysis of a hybrid geothermal-PCM flat plate solar collector, which is in effect a self-sustaining renewable energy food drying system. The applicability of the hybrid geothermal-solar dryer for developing countries with a significant underground geothermal temperature gradient is investigated. The performed numerical analysis promises high efficiency and effectivity of this near-zero hybrid energy technology. The proposed conceptual design assessed using the related mathematical model to assess the functional parameters of the hybrid geothermal PCM flat plate solar collector dryer. Numerical simulation showed that the efficiency of hybrid geothermal PA-FPSC is 20.5% higher than conventional flat plate solar collector when the mass flow rate is at 0.02 kg/s. Therefore, successful integration of this technology to the existing food processing industries of the developing countries could be a step towards the prevention of irreversible climate change achieving SDG 12 (sustainable development goals).

Performance Analysis of Hybrid Power System Along With Conventional Energy Sources for Sustainable Development in Rural Areas

The energy demand within the world has improved for a few reasons because of technical advancements, increasing enterprises, and increasing commercial energy consumption. Sufficient energy models will support the accurate use of renewable resources like solar, wind, biomass, biogas, and the fuel cell is a portion of the advantages used. Hybrid energy systems of these advantages will contribute viably to sustainable development and electrification in rural areas that do not access power grids. This study reviews the performance analysis of hybrid system along with conventional resources for sustainable development in remote areas. This paper also reviews the recent trends in energy usage from available renewable energy sources in addition to examine an expansive review of the performance analysis of different hybrid energy technologies in rural areas. It is also discussed the relative investigation of hybrid energy systems along with conventional energy sources particularly suited to the small and isolated areas supported by the literature. In continuation of this, the paper also discusses the future energy sources

Dynamic Power Management for Portable Hybrid Power-Supply Systems Utilizing Approximate Dynamic Programming

Recently, the optimization of power flows in portable hybrid power-supply systems (HPSSs) has become an important issue with the advent of a variety of mobile systems and hybrid energy technologies. In this paper, a control strategy is considered for dynamically managing power flows in portable HPSSs employing batteries and supercapacitors. Our dynamic power management strategy utilizes the concept of approximate dynamic programming (ADP). ADP methods are important tools in the fields of stochastic control and machine learning, and the utilization of these tools for practical engineering problems is now an active and promising research field. We propose an ADP-based procedure based on optimization under constraints including the iterated Bellman inequalities, which can be solved by convex optimization carried out offline, to find the optimal power management rules for portable HPSSs. The effectiveness of the proposed procedure is tested through dynamic simulations for smartphone workload scenarios, and simulation results show that the proposed strategy can successfully cope with uncertain workload demands.

A review of technical issues on the development of wind farms

Abstract Energy is the prime mover of economic growth and is vital to sustain a modern economic and social development. Renewable energy applications have brought about significant changes in the Indian energy scenario. The identification and efficient use of various renewable energy resources are the thrust areas in energy development. Wind energy is one of the most environment friendly, clean and safe energy resources. The wind energy will continue to be the biggest renewable energy sector in any country in terms of both installed capacity and total potential. This paper reviews some important factors and techniques to be considered for wind turbine installations such as the wind energy resource assessment techniques, environmental factors, grid integration factors, control strategies, impact of offshore wind turbines and hybrid energy technologies, hydrogen production techniques, feed-in tariff mechanism, modeling of wind turbine components including generators, performance improvement techniques. The cost and economic feasibility of the wind energy conversion system as well as the control strategies of wind turbine generators have also been discussed.

Ex-vivo study of hybrid energy technology using a human skin model

More aging adults and the social acceptance of aesthetic treatments have increased the demand for minimally invasive aesthetic treatments. Skin resurfacing is very effective at improving aging symptoms, including wrinkles and skin imperfections. Following the negative effects of full skin resurfacing, in addition to a very long downtime, fractional lasers and fractional radiofrequency (RF) technologies were introduced, since gaining popularity. Their efficacy, along with minimal downtime, has enabled an effective and safer treatment. A novel technology based on fractional Hybrid Energy™ (HE), combines RF and an additional electrical energy for enhancing the thermal effect. This study evaluated the morphological and histological effects of the new HE technology on epidermal and dermal skin layers, using an ex-vivo human skin model. Human skin samples were collected and treated ex-vivo with the HE applicator. The effect was evaluated by skin histology and quantitative analysis by assays of collagen fibers, elastin and glycosaminoglycan (GAGs) dosages, reflecting the hyaluronic acid content, in addition to epidermal mitotic index evaluation. Histology demonstrated immediate and long-term HE effects on both epidermal and dermal skin layers with a direct correlation between the treatment parameters and effects. Results demonstrated a significant increase of the epidermal mitotic index, significant dermal collagen remodeling and significant increases in both epidermal and dermal GAGs. HE technology significantly affected collagen remodeling and an increase in mid to deep dermis GAGs in addition to epidermal mitotic index, resulting in long term structural and biochemical dermal and epidermal improvement.

Assessing the potential of hybrid energy technology to reduce exhaust emissions from global shipping

The combination of a prime mover and an energy storage device for reduction of fuel consumption has successfully been used in automotive industry. The shipping industry has utilised this for conventional submarines. The potential of a load levelling strategy through use of a hybrid battery–diesel–electric propulsion system is investigated. The goal is to reduce exhaust gas emissions by reducing fuel oil consumption through consideration of a re-engineered ship propulsion system. This work is based on operational data for a shipping fleet containing all types of bulk carriers. The engine loading and the energy requirements are calculated, and sizing of suitable propulsion and the battery storage system are proposed. The changes in overall emissions are estimated and the potential for fuel savings identified. The efficiency of the system depends on the storage medium type, the availability of energy and the displacement characteristics of the examined vessels. These results for the global fleet indicate that savings depending on storage system, vessel condition and vessel type could be up to 0.32 million tonnes in NO x , 0.07 million tonnes in SO x and 4.1 million tonnes in CO 2. These represent a maximum 14% of reduction in dry bulk sector and 1.8% of world's fleet emissions.