Diesel Generator Hybrid Research Articles

Optimization of Hybrid Solar PV and Diesel Generator System for an Efficient Electricity Supply

The operation and maintenance cost associated with running diesel generator autonomously is capital intensive and unfriendly to the environmentally. The paper examined hybrid diesel generator and solar (PV) based technology as an effective way to power an off grid facility. Solar PV integration impacted significantly on the energy production, thereby reducing the high operation and maintenance cost associated with diesel generator. Two scenarios were considered and implemented in HOMER software. The result obtained in the base case scenario when diesel generator was used shows [Cost of Energy: N0.712], [Net Profit Cost: N39.7M], [Operating Cost: N2.99M], [Fuel Cost: 1,857,800] and [O & M: N551880]. Also, the GHG emission [CO2:4863006Kg/yr], [CO:30.654kg/yr], [Unburned Hydrocarbon: 3,650kg/yr], [Particle matters: 507kg/yr], [Sulphur dioxide: 26811kg/yr], and [Nitrogen oxides: 78586kg/yr]. However, with the modified system, when diesel generator and PV system are integrated [Cost of Energy: N0.378], [Net Profit Cost: N21.1M], [Operating Cost: N886527M], [Fuel Cost: 530,555] and [O & M: N144, 660]. Similarly, the GHG emission [CO2: 1388788Kg/yr], [CO: 8,754kg/yr], [Unburned Hydrocarbon: 382kg/yr], [Particle matters: 53.1kg/yr], [Sulphur dioxide: 3,401kg/yr], and [Nitrogen oxides: 8224kg/yr]. Solar PV integration impacted significantly in mitigating GHG emission and high O&M cost associated with autonomous operation of diesel generator set.

Modeling and analysis of hybrid solar water desalination system for different scenarios in Indonesia

Clean water demand has significantly increased due to the rise in the global population. However, most water on the Earth has high saline content that cannot be consumed directly; only about one over forty of the total water source is freshwater. Desalinated water is one of the potential solutions to meet the growing demand for freshwater, which is highly energy intensive. This paper analyses the energy, economic and environmental performance of a 5 m3/day PV (photovoltaic) powered reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system. Three scenarios of PV-RO with and without battery storage and diesel generator hybrid systems have been analyzed and investigated for the annual estimate load, net present value, and payback period of the water and electricity production costs. Also, the CO2 avoidance over the lifetime operation of all scearios is evaluated. This study shows that the PV-RO system without battery with 6.3 kW PV panels installed and with a 2-days water storage tank system is the most profitable economically f. For this scenario, the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE), Levelized Cost of Water (LCOW), and Payback Period (PBP) are found to be $0.154/kWh, $0.627/m3, and five years, respectively. In addition, for this scenario, the CO2 emissions avoidance was the maximum (111,690 kg.CO2eq per year) compared to other scenarios.

Development of Wind and Diesel Generator Hybrid Power System Model for Urban Electrification

The progress and prosperity of any nation depend on the amount of electrical energy consumed in the country. But African countries produce and consume the lowest amount of electricity in the world. This has led to the present incessant, unstable and unreliable power supply system in African Countries which has grounded many activities and has destroyed many industrial processes. This has also increased unemployment rate and increased crime rates in the continents. In order to satisfy the high energy demand in the residential and industrial environments in this continent, and provide solution to these problems, electrical energy should be reliable, affordable, effective, and sustainable.

Rural area electrification with variable speed diesel generator and lithium-ion battery hybrid system

Rural area electrification with variable speed diesel generator and lithium-ion battery hybrid system

Rural area electrification with variable speed diesel generator and lithium-ion battery hybrid system

Rural area electrification with variable speed diesel generator and lithium-ion battery hybrid system

Advanced Control And Development of Hydro and Diesel Generator Hybrid Power System Models for Renewable Energy Microgrids

The Nigerian power problem resulted to incessant and erratic supply of electricity and this has destroyed many industrial processes in the country. It has reduced productivity and has increased unemployment rate in the country to over 50million (this figure is over 70% of Nigerian youths). This has led many of the youths in the country to crime. It has led to the deaths of many innocent people in the country. As of 2016, the electricity energy consumption in the world from the world fact book revealed that the average power per capita (watts per person) in the United States is 1,377 Watts. In Canada, it is 1704 Watts per person and in South Africa; it is 445 Watts per person and in Australia, average power per capita (watts per person) is as high as 1,112 Watts. Whereas, the average electricity consumed in watts per person in Nigeria is just 14 Watts. Unfortunately, this has put the country in a rank of 189 out of 219 countries estimated. In this research work, a Hybrid Electric Power System (HEPS) which comprises Hydro Electric Power Plant (HEPP) and Diesel Generator (DG) was modelled and a control algorithm was established to improve the performance of the system. Hybrid power system mathematical and Simulink models were developed. The output power of the developed Simulink model was be optimized using optimum power point optimization techniques and control algorithms. Simulink models of the two components of the Hybrid Electric Power System were produced using MATLAB/Simulink software. The develop Simulink models was interconnected and final model was developed. The results obtained revealed that the problems associated with conventional methods of power generation was overcomed by the development of this renewable and non-renewable energy resources Hybrid Electric Power System (HEPS) models.

Optimal energy management of a hybrid diesel generator and battery supplying a RTG crane with energy recovery capability

In this paper, an optimal energy management model for a RTG crane supplied by a hybrid diesel generator/battery system is developed. The aim of the model is to reduce the energy cost spending and CO2 emission by minimizing the amount of fuel consumed by the diesel generator, and maximizing the potential energy recovered through the regenerative braking during the container lowering phase. As a case study, a 40 tonnes RTG crane operating in South Africa has been selected. The demand profile, size of the diesel generator as well as of the battery storage system are used as input to the model developed. Simulations, for a complete RTG handling cycle, have been conducted to evaluate the techno-economic performances of the developed model use to optimally dispatch the power flow in the system during the different phases of operation.As compared to the baseline case where the diesel generator is used alone to handle the same demand, the simulation results for the selected day of operation have shown that using the proposed model, a 40.6% reduction in the operation cost as well as CO2 emission is achievable in the case of the proposed system without energy recovery; while 82.17% is achievable in the case the energy recovery is included. Looking further into the stochastic nature of the demand, the analysis on a year of operation have revealed that 76.04% in operation cost can be potentially saved using the proposed system. The result of the true payback period analysis has shown that the overall investment cost may be recovered in 1.36 years. Additionally, it can be seen from the results that the peak power demand on the diesel generator has been reduced, this can assist in reducing the power rating and the initial cost of the diesel generator.

Techno-economic analysis of solar photo-voltaic/diesel generator hybrid system using different energy storage technologies for isolated islands of India

This paper exclusively investigates techno-economic performance of solar photo-voltaic (SPV)/diesel generator (DG) hybrid system using four different battery energy storage (BES) technologies namely lead acid battery, lithium ion battery, vanadium redox battery, and zinc bromine flow (ZBF) for the isolated Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep islands of India. The analysis has been performed using Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER) software at Baratang and Minicoy islands of Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep, respectively, in which SPV/DG/ZBF hybrid system (20 kW SPV, 7 kW DG, 100 kWh ZBF batteries and 20 kW converter) found to be most techno-economic viable optimized solution for both locations. The net present cost, levelized cost of energy, and operating cost of this configuration are found to be $23927.21, $0.167/kWh and $338.20, respectively, for Baratang island; and $22366.64, $0.155/kWh and $217.49, respectively, for Minicoy island. Using this system as baseline configuration, analysis was extended to different BES technologies to evaluate the performance parameters like system cost, return of investment, simple payback period, energy produced, pollutant emissions, renewable penetration etc. The effectiveness of the ZBF technology is justified with the obtained results which show highest value of return of investment and renewable penetration with lowest simple payback period and pollutant emission. Finally, sensitivity analysis of the system was performed using a unique three-dimensional approach.

Optimal Design of Wind/PV/Diesel/Battery Power System for telecommunication application in a remote Algeria

Algeria has embarked on an ambitious renewable energy program in order to increase total food production. It has a large number of remote small villages and islands that lack in the electricity, and probability of connecting them with the high voltage gridlines in the near future is very poor due to financial and technical constraints. This paper proposes the use of a PV, wind and diesel generator hybrid system with storage element in order to determine the optimal configuration of renewable energy in ALGERIA. The principals’ interests of this system are the independence production, and the supplying of electric energy in isolated localities. Have at one’s the energetic and economic models, and simulation tools, we effected an optimization study based on mixed productions. For this approach, the energetic resources of sites where are implanted telecommunications systems and their consumption are supposed known. Then the problem is the optimization of electric generators using these resources, enable to have an optimal type system for the powering of telecommunications equipments in rural site of Algeria. Homer (hybrid optimization model for electric renewable) simulation software was used to determine the technical feasibility of the system and to perform the economical analysis of the system.

Feasibility analysis of off-grid hybrid energy system for rural electrification in Northern Ghana

This study examines the feasibility of a stand-alone photovoltaic, diesel generator and battery storage hybrid power system for the electrification of off-grid rural areas in northern Ghana. The HOMER software package was used for simulation analysis. Five optimization scenarios considered feasible by HOMER were evaluated. The evaluation criteria include net present cost (NPC), cost of energy (COE) and emissions. The results indicate that PV/diesel/battery storage hybrid system is the most feasible, optimized, cost-effective and environmentally friendly system among the systems considered. This system has a Cost of Energy (COE) of 0.399 $/kWh and an NPC of $296,552. Although this COE is approximately three times the current energy cost in Ghana, sensitivity analysis shows that changing certain parameters such as fuel costs, and capital subsidies can reduce COE. This shows that if policymakers create the necessary investment environment, such projects can be a viable alternative to rural electrification.

Optimization with excess electricity management of a PV, energy storage and diesel generator hybrid system using HOMER Pro software

Optimization with excess electricity management of a PV, energy storage and diesel generator hybrid system using HOMER Pro software

Optimization with excess electricity management of a PV, energy storage and diesel generator hybrid system using HOMER Pro software

In this research, a standalone microgrid power system is proposed to electrify a small agricultural community in Palestinian territories. The load includes residential load and water pumping load. The community comprises about 30 households with some service buildings in addition to the water pumping system. The average load energy demand is 300kWh/day and the average power demand is 12.5kW, in the same context, the average energy demand for water pumping is 49kWh/day. The region has abundant solar radiation potential with a daily average of 5.4 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>. The optimum design was achieved using the HOMER Pro software. It took into consideration real incident solar radiation data, electrical demand profile for the community and water pumping system and market cost of all equipment. The optimization results showed that the best hybrid system among all feasible configurations is a PV system with an energy storage system combined with a diesel generator. The net present cost of the system is USD636,150 and the cost of energy (COE) produced is USD0.438/kWh. Sensitivity analysis is considered to study the impact of variations in PV cost, diesel fuel price, and maximum annual capacity shortages (MACS), the results showed that MACS has no effects. Energy management procedure is followed to reduce the excess electricity from 10.6% to 6.24% which in turn reduces the COE from 0.438 to USD 0.416/kWh.

Selection of Best Power Supply Source for Telecom Towers in Remote Areas

Installation of telecom towers in remote areas especially in developing countries like India is a major problem for telecom industries because of the unavailability of reliable power supply. The grid supply is not regular in these countries and up to some extent, they are dependent on diesel generators for power supply. But these diesel generators have some major issues such as high operating cost due to high cost of fuel, transportation cost of fuel, high maintenance cost, and these diesel generators also emits pollution to the environment. In presented work, an approach has been proposed for telecom companies for providing power supply to their telecom towers. An economic cost analysis has been proposed by considering various criteria such as cost, air & noise pollution and reliability, etc. Some power supply alternatives including unconventional and hybrid of conventional and unconventional alternatives have been compared to find the solution such as diesel-powered telecom towers, solar powered telecom towers, and their hybrids. The main objective of this work is to provide a reliable, cost effective and environment friendly Remote Area Power Supply (RAPS) system for a particular site in India (Uttar Pradesh). A number of criteria are involved in discussed problem in order to select an effective power supply source. Therefore, the problem has been considered as a Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem. To select the best alternative, a Fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS based approach has been proposed. Fuzzy AHP (Analytic Hierarchy process) has been used for calculating the weightage of criteria and the concept of Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) has been applied for ranking the alternatives. The results give assured reliability and sustainability for remote areas using a solar photovoltaic (PV)-diesel generator hybrid energy system.

Coordinated Power Management for Variable Speed Diesel Generator and Lithium-ion Battery Hybrid System

This paper presents coordinated operation of power management strategies for a hybrid system. This hybrid system is modeled based on dynamic variation of load power and its effective distribution strategy. The proposed hybrid system consists of variable speed diesel generator (VSDG) and lithium-ion battery which is able to supply electric power for Power, Water and Communication (PWC) economically and efficiently in rural areas. The variation of power demand in PWC load is highlighted in load profile. The total PWC load is effectively shared by two VSDGs and one Lithium-Ion battery bank. The use of advanced VSDG helps hybrid system to reduce fuel consumption as its speed varies with load demand. The proposed segmentation of high frequency and low frequency components of load currents and their assignation to suitable source helps to reduce the transients during load variations. Also, one of the generators will be switched off when the total power demand goes below specified level and hence significant fuel savings can be achieved. The execution of proposed system is assessed through MATLAB/Simulink model and its validation by experimental test bench.

Optimized Energy Management Strategies for Campus Hybrid PV–Diesel Systems during Utility Load Shedding Events

The unique situation of utility power curtailment unveils opportunities in the fields of energy management and digital resource management. During utility load shedding events, campuses are typically driven as Photo Voltaic (PV)–diesel generator hybrid systems, of which the main fossil resource driver is diesel. With the appropriate Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, discrete departmental energy policies along with control, forecasting and Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure, the campus hybrid system could be optimized on a short timescale during the shedding event. In this paper the optimization methodology, required technology infrastructure, possible forecasting algorithms and potential implementation will be discussed.

Solar PV-diesel hybrid systems for the Nigerian private sector: An impact assessment

This research examines the impact of Nigerian private sector investment in captive power generation from solar photovoltaic (PV) and diesel generator (DG) hybrid energy systems. The study assesses the economic viability of solar PV-DG hybrid systems among Nigerian private companies using levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and analyzes policies that can facilitate solar PV investment as a bottom-up approach to Nigeria's energy development. Forty (40) private companies across Nigeria were surveyed to examine potential the fuel savings that hybrid of PV and DG can achieve. Out of the surveyed companies, three cases representing different load factors were selected and modelled in HOMER Pro to obtain LCOE for each case study. The research findings indicate that electricity generation deficiencies for Nigerian business consumers can be addressed with available renewable energy solar resources. A savings between € 0.002 and 0.009/kWh was achieved from the three-case study. Adequate policy to support investment is both necessary and possible for achieving increased solar PV adoption for highly willing Nigerian private sector.

Optimization of 10 kW solar photovoltaic – diesel generator hybrid energy system for different load factors at Jaisalmer location of Rajasthan, India

Jaisalmer town in Rajasthan, India is having annual average solar insolation of 5.80 kWh/m2/day and 270 – 300 clear sky days in a year. A 10 kW off-grid hybrid energy system (HES) consisting of solar photovoltaic panels – diesel generator – bidirectional converter and batteries with zero percentage loss of load for Jaisalmer is designed using HOMER (version 3.4.3) software. Different system load factors of 0.33, 0.50, 0.67, 0.83 and 1 corresponding to fraction of running hours per day of the system are considered. The system is analyzed for all three aspects, namely, electrical, economic and emission point of view. Least levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of Rs. 8.43/kWh is obtained at a load factor value of 0.5. If diesel generator alone (without Solar PV) is used to fulfil the demand for a load factor of 0.5the value of LCOE is obtained Rs.19.23/kWh. Comparison of results obtained for HES and diesel generator are made for load factor of 0.5 and 1.

Optimal design of stand-alone reverse osmosis desalination driven by a photovoltaic and diesel generator hybrid system

Hybrid energy systems can be efficient alternatives for supplying potable water to and satisfying the electrical loads of remote areas. The objective of this article is to optimize the size of a reverse osmosis desalination-based diesel and photovoltaic power plant for increasing fresh water availability and meeting the electrical load demand of a stand-alone region in Iran. The size of the battery bank, the area of the photovoltaic system, and the fuel consumption of the diesel generator within the proposed hybrid system are optimized so as to minimize the life cycle cost of the system. For this aim, a power management strategy is designed, and an efficient metaheuristic technique based on tabu search is used. The results are compared with those obtained by harmony search and simulated annealing algorithms. Furthermore, the effects of varying fuel cost, interest rate, photovoltaic initial cost, and battery initial cost on the economic parameters of the hybrid system are also discussed. From the results it is seen that the photovoltaic/diesel/battery/reverse osmosis desalination system is economically and environmentally advantageous to a single diesel system or a single photovoltaic system for the investigated region. Moreover, tabu search provides more promising results than the other investigated algorithms.

Fuzzy Logic Based Energy Management For Wind Turbine, Photo Voltaic And Diesel Hybrid System

Rapid population growth with high living standards and high electronics use for personal comfort has raised the electricity demand exponentially. To fulfill this elevated demand, conventional energy sources are shifting towards low production cost and long term usable alternative energy sources. Hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) are becoming popular as stand-alone power systems for providing electricity in remote areas due to advancement in renewable energy technologies and subsequent rise in prices of petroleum products. Wind and solar power are considered feasible replacement to fossil fuels as the prediction of the fuel shortage in the near future, forced all operators involved in energy production to explore this new and clean source of power. Presented paper proposes fuzzy logic based Energy Management System (EMS) for Wind Turbine (WT), Photo Voltaic (PV) and Diesel Generator (DG) hybrid micro-grid configuration. Battery backup system is introduced for worst environmental conditions or high load demands. Dump load along with dump load controller is implemented for over voltage and over speed protection. Fuzzy logic based supervisory control system performs the power flow control between different scenarios such as battery charging, battery backup, dump load activation and DG backup in most intellectual way.

Back-Propagation Algorithm-Based Controller for Autonomous Wind–DG Microgrid

This paper deals with a wind–diesel generator hybrid configuration of the microgrid using a voltage source converter (VSC) as a voltage and frequency (VF) controller. The wind power generated by permanent magnet brushless dc generator, and the maximum power is captured by a maximum power point technique using a boost converter with an incremental conductance approach. This power is supplied to the consumer loads and surplus power is stored into battery system (BS). BS is attached at dc link of VSC, which provides load leveling during less or no wind conditions. With such combination of energy resources, a reduced rating, diesel engine-driven squirrel cage induction generator feeds loads, and VSC at point of common coupling (PCC) supports the system when the wind generation is unable to meet out the load demand. Back-propagation feed-forward control algorithm is used for VF control of VSC. This controller provides harmonics elimination, load leveling, and reactive power compensation, and also regulates the voltage at PCC. This microgrid is modeled in MATLAB Sim power tools, and simulation results are produced to verify the appropriate working of both the converters and the overall system. A prototype of the microgrid is also developed to validate the design and model through test results. A comparative study of simulated and experimental work is given in detail.