Hybrid Broadcast Broadband Television Research Articles

Analysis of Emotional Responses in Political Communication: An Experimental Case of Interactive Advertising

The emotional reactions to interactive advertisements are a relatively new study object, attending the synchronous evolution of the natural interactive platforms. Interactivity has increased thanks to Internet usage, and it can be also attractive for political communication. In television’s case, it is a growing phenomenon whose main launcher is the implementation of the Hybrid broadcast broadband Television (HbbTV) standard. Key players of the sector (networks, media agencies, and advertisers) try to take profit from the options generated by the interaction with the audience. We have developed an experimental methodology that consists of viewing an advertising block that includes conventional and interactive advertisements in order to observe the emotions that those generate in the audience. The experiment included the view of a nine advertisement block and the analysis of face reactions linked to emotions. It is concluded that surprise emotion via humor does not make it easier to capture attention during the broadcast of a sequence of advertisements and identify the advertisement, and humor increases relatively interest in interactive advertisements.

Towards Indonesia’s integrated broadcast-broadband implementation policy: A comparative analysis of Singapore, Japan and Malaysia

This study aims to provide recommendations to the government on regulating licence, content and data privacy and protection for integrated broadcast-broadband (IBB) operations in Indonesia, by referencing Singapore, Japan and Malaysia as case studies, considering the need for umbrella regulations for IBB implementation. Singapore and Japan were chosen as countries that have deployed IBB since they have been using hybrid broadcast broadband television (HbbTV) and Hybridcast standards, respectively. Malaysia was chosen because it is a neighbouring country that has conducted trials of the IBB service, bundled with its digital terrestrial television (DTT) service. The qualitative data are analysed using a comparative method. The results show that Indonesia needs to immediately revise its existing Broadcasting Law to accommodate DTT implementation, which is the basis for IBB and the expansion of the broadcaster’s TV business. Learning from Singapore, Indonesia could include over-the-top (OTT) content in its ‘Broadcast Behaviour Guidelines’ and ‘Broadcast Programme Standards’. Data privacy and protection requirements for each entity involved in the IBB ecosystem are necessary due to the vulnerability of IBB service user data leakage. In light of this, the ratification of the personal data protection law, as a legal umbrella, needs to be accelerated.

Interactive Advertising on HbbTV: An Experimental Analysis of Emotions

Interactivity in television (and sustainability, thanks to virtualization) is a growing phenomenon, driven especially by the implementation of the HbbTV (hybrid broadcast broadband television) standard. Networks, media agencies and advertisers are trying to adapt to and profit from the options generated by the interaction with the viewer. Through an experimental methodology including the viewing of an advertising block which included conventional and interactive advertisements, the emotions of the viewer were collected. It was concluded that the order of the announcements is not decisive, that the emotions of anger and sadness predominate over those of joy due to a negative predisposition towards viewing advertising proposals and the content of the advertisement itself, and that less intrusive formats are more accepted.

User profiling for TV program recommendation based on hybrid television standards using controlled clustering with genetic algorithms and artificial neural networks

In this paper, an earlier method proposed by the authors to make smart recommendations utilizing artificial intelligence and the latest technologies developed for the television area is expanded further using controlled clustering with genetic algorithms CCGA . For this purpose, genetic algorithms GAs , artificial neural networks ANNs , and hybrid broadcast broadband television HbbTV are combined to get the users' television viewing habits and to create profiles. Then television programs are recommended to the users based on that profiling. The data gathered by the developed HbbTV application for previous studies are reused in this study. These data are employed to cluster users. The number of clusters is found by CCGA, a method proposed in this paper. For each cluster formed by CCGA, a separate ANN is designed to learn the viewing habits of the users of the corresponding cluster. The weight matrices are initialized also by GA. The recommendations produced using the proposed model are then presented by the same HbbTV application developed by the authors. Clustering with GAs gives better results when compared to the well-known K-means clustering algorithm.

A Smart Program Recommender System Based on the Hybrid Broadcast Broadband Television

A Smart Program Recommender System Based on the Hybrid Broadcast Broadband Television

Characteristics of hybrid broadcast broadband television (HbbTV)

This paper describes the working principle of hybrid broadcast-broadband TV (Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV - HbbTV). The architecture of HbbTV system is given, the principle of its operation, as well as an overview of HbbTV specification standards that are in use, with their basic characteristics. Here are described the services provided by Hybrid TV. It is also provided an overview of the distribution of HbbTV services in Europe in terms of the number of TV channels that HbbTV services offer, the number of active hybrid TV devices, HbbTV standards which are in use and models of broadcast networks used to distribute HbbTV service.

Modelling user habits and providing recommendations based on the hybrid broadcast broadband television using neural networks

In this paper, a novel method to make smart recommendations to the user is proposed using Hybrid Broadcast Broadband Television (HbbTV) standard and artificial intelligence. In order to prove this, an HbbTV application is developed to collect real television watching data and a multilayer perceptron model is trained and tested with the collected data to create user profiles. The constructed model is then used to provide recommendations to the users again using the same HbbTV application. Since HbbTV is a widely accepted public consumer electronics standard for digital receivers and most of the recent devices support it, the proposed model is device-agnostic and can reach many people using different consumer devices, which is the main motivation of this study1.

Attacking the Internet Using Broadcast Digital Television

In the attempt to bring modern broadband Internet features to traditional broadcast television, the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) consortium introduced a specification called Hybrid Broadcast-Broadband Television (HbbTV), which allows broadcast streams to include embedded HTML content that is rendered by the television. This system is already in very wide deployment in Europe and has recently been adopted as part of the American digital television standard. Our analyses of the specifications, and of real systems implementing them, show that the broadband and broadcast systems are combined insecurely. This enables a large-scale exploitation technique with a localized geographical footprint based on Radio Frequency (RF) injection, which requires a minimal budget and infrastructure and is remarkably difficult to detect. In this article, we present the attack methodology and a number of follow-on exploitation techniques that provide significant flexibility to attackers. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the technical complexity and required budget are low, making this attack practical and realistic, especially in areas with high population density: In a dense urban area, an attacker with a budget of about 450 can target more than 20,000 devices in a single attack. A unique aspect of this attack is that, in contrast to most Internet of Things/Cyber-Physical System threat scenarios, where the attack comes from the data network side and affects the physical world, our attack uses the physical broadcast network to attack the data network.

El Botón Rojo de RTVE: una experiencia de implantación de HbbTV en España

El ecosistema televisivo se ha visto alterado con la aparición de las televisiones conectadas, aparatos capaces de conectarse a Internet a través de diferentes sistemas. Uno de ellos es el HbbTV, Hybrid Broadcast Broadband Television. Impulsado sobre todo por la UE y la industria, supone un cambio importante en la forma de consumir televisión y abre la red a públicos nuevos. Esta investigación estudia la implantación de HbbTV llevada a cabo en RTVE. El trabajo propone la descripción del servicio denominado Botón Rojo de RTVE y el análisis de la respuesta de la audiencia en sus primeros meses de vida. La relevancia del estudio estriba en el papel de locomotora del sector audiovisual que se atribuye frecuentemente a TVE.

Hybrid broadcast broadband TV implementation in java based applications on digital TV devices

HbbTV (Hybrid broadcast broadband television) is an open standard for network-enabled TV sets. It is a European initiative for providing both broadcast and broadband content delivery on TV sets and set-top boxes. HbbTV standard adds a new aspect to the experience of watching TV by providing interactivity to plain TV broadcast. The content to be delivered is the HbbTV application. HbbTV application presents a combination of web content and live digital TV broadcast. In this paper we present one solution for integration of HbbTV standard into Java applications which are being developed for DTV devices. We present modifications to the underlying operating system, JavaScript plug-ins, and DTV-related modules which are necessary to be implemented in order to have the HbbTV features enabled. We also present performance measurement comparing our solution to an embedded Linux one and one commercial solution.