Hyaline Bands Research Articles

Two new species of Platensina Enderlein (Diptera, Tephritidae, Tephritinae, Dithrycini) from India.

Two new species of Platensina Enderlein, P.rabbanii David & Hancock, sp. nov., and P.flavistigma David & Hancock, sp. nov., are described from Meghalaya and southern India, respectively. Platensinarabbanii can be differentiated from P.alboapicalis Hering by the presence of a single hyaline indentation in cell r1 and the apical hyaline band in cell r2+3 restricted to the apex; P.flavistigma differs from P.quadrula Hardy by the presence of a yellow/fulvous pterostigma and shape of the epandrium. DNA barcode sequences of P.acrostacta (Wiedemann), P.flavistigma and P.platyptera Hendel were obtained and reported. Postabdominal descriptions and illustrations of P.acrostacta, P.platyptera and P.zodiacalis (Bezzi) are also provided along with keys to all 23 species and the 7 known from India.

Arthroscopic Findings in Refractory Symptomatic Fourth and Fifth Tarsometatarsal Joints

Refractory pain to the fourth and fifth tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint can be a source of disability and functional impairment. While pain has been attributed to injury, post-traumatic arthritis, arthrofibrosis, the principal causes of pain in the absence of arthritis are not well elucidated. The purpose of this study is to characterize arthroscopic pathology associated with chronic refractory pain to the fourth and fifth TMT joints. We retrospectively examined 24 patients that underwent arthroscopic surgery of the fourth and fifth TMT joints for refractory pain at our academic institution between 2015 and 2019. We used the Outerbridge classification for chondral lesions, the Kellgren Lawrence radiographic classification for osteoarthritis, and described intraarticular pathologies as acute hypertrophic synovitis, chronic synovial fibrosis, hyaline bands, meniscoid bodies, loose joint bodies, arthrofibrosis. Approximately, 31 of 45 TMT joints (68.9%) presented with radiographic evidence of arthritis. Approximately, 14 of 45 TMT joints (31.11%) were absent of radiographic signs of arthritis. The frequency of soft tissue pathology seen in these patients without radiographic evidence of arthritis was arthrofibrosis (87.5%), chronic synovial fibrosis (75.0%), and acute hypertrophic synovitis (62.5%). This is the first study to report arthroscopic pathologies associated with refractory pain to the fourth and fifth TMT joints.

Arthroscopic Findings in Symptomatic Fourth and Fifth Tarsometatarsal Joints with and without Arthritis

Category:Arthroscopy; Midfoot/ForefootIntroduction/Purpose:Refractory pain to the fourth and fifth tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint is a source of disability and functional impairment. The etiology of fourth and fifth TMT joint pain may be attributed to injury, post-traumatic arthritis, or arthrofibrosis, however, the principal pathologies associated with pain in the absence of arthritis are not well elucidated. The purpose of this study is to characterize arthroscopic pathology associated with chronic refractory pain to the fourth and fifth TMT joints with and without arthritis.Methods:We retrospectively examined 25 patients that underwent arthroscopic surgery of the fourth and fifth TMT joints for refractory pain at our academic institution between 2015 - 2020. Patients were placed in supine position, thigh tourniquet placed, prepped and draped in standard sterile fashion. The fourth and fifth TMT joints were accessed medially through a portal between the third and fourth TMT joint and laterally through a portal lateral to the fifth TMT joint. A 30° 2.5mm arthroscope was used as well as 2.5mm aggressive soft tissue shaver. Intraoperative fluoroscopy was use to confirm location of the arthroscope and shaver. The intraoperative findings were recorded into the medical record. We used the Outerbridge classification for chondral lesions, the Kellgren Lawrence (KL) radiographic classification for osteoarthritis, and described intraarticular pathologies as acute hypertrophic synovitis, chronic synovial fibrosis, hyaline bands, meniscoid bodies, loose joint bodies, arthrofibrosis.Results:Twenty-three fourth TMT joints and 26 fifth TMT joints, in 25 patients, underwent arthroscopic surgery for refractory pain. Average age was 62.6+-8.3 years. Average body mass index was 31.0+-5.0 kg/m2. All patients had pain with piano-key test. Twelve patients with arthritis to first through third TMT joints and eight patients to second through third TMT joints required arthrodesis. Approximately, 71.4% of TMT joints presented with radiographic evidence of arthritis and 28.6% of TMT joints were absent of radiographic signs of arthritis. The soft tissue pathology observed in patients without radiographic evidence of arthritis was arthrofibrosis (87.5%), chronic synovial fibrosis (75.0%), and acute hypertrophic synovitis (62.5%). Frequency plot of soft tissue pathologies, Outerbridge classification and KL radiographic classification for arthritis are shown in Figure 1.Conclusion:This is the first study to report arthroscopic findings associated with refractory pain of the fourth and fifth TMT joints with and without arthritis. These findings provide information regarding pathologies associated with fourth and fifth TMT joints pain and subsequent treatment.

Beltrania nodulosa sp. nov. from Ecuador

Beltrania nodulosa, a new species found on a decaying leaf of an unidentified plant in Ecuador, is described and illustrated. The fungus is characterized by cylindricalnodulose conidiophores and primarily monoblastic integrated mostly intercalary nodose conidiogenous cells. Its solitary and mostly pleurogenous broadly biconic to rhombic conidia are obtuse or rounded at the apex and inconspicuously mammillate at the base below the inconspicuous transverse supra-equatorial hyaline band.

A new species of Pseudobeltrania from leaf spots of Chinese cassia in Taiwan

A new species of Pseudobeltrania (Ascomycota, Xylariales, Beltraniaceae) is proposed for a specimen from leaf spots of Cinnamomum cassia (Lauraceae). It is characterized by conidiophores composed of 1–2 stipes arising from a strongly lobed basal cell, and narrow (less than 10 μm wide) rhombical conidia with equatorial hyaline band. Comparison between the new and similar species is also presented in a synoptic table.

Parosphromenus barbarae, a new species of Licorice Gourami from Sarawak, Borneo (Teleostei: Osphronemidae)

In Sarawak, there are two main populations of Parosphromenus known, the eastern population linked to the Rejang River basin being P. allani, and the western population linked to the Batang Kayan basin, is herein described as P. barbarae, new species. Parosphromenus barbarae differs from its most similar species, P. allani, in having a distinct black ocellus on caudal-fin base, indistinct dark brown ocellus on posterior base of dorsal-fin; presence of clearly demarcated subdistal hyaline band on anal fin (vs. faint); dorsal-fin rays XI – XIV, 4 – 5 (total count 15 – 18, mode 17); anal-fin rays XI – XIII, 6 – 10 (total count 19 – 21, mode 21); lateral scales 29 – 31½ (mode 29).

Superficial sarcomas with CIC rearrangement are aggressive neoplasms: A series of eight cases.

CIC rearranged sarcomas have significant overlap with Ewing sarcoma, are aggressive, and typically present in deep soft tissue. They most commonly have a t(4;19)(q35;q13) with CIC-DUX4 fusion. Superficial presentation is rare. We report eight (6F, 2M; median 45-years-old, range 14-65) superficial CIC-rearranged sarcomas, involving the extremities (n = 4), vulva (n = 2), and trunk (n = 2). The tumors were composed of nodules/sheets of round cells with necrosis and hemorrhage separated by dense hyaline bands. Tumor cells had vesicular chromatin, prominent nucleoli and frequent mitotic figures. One showed pagetoid spread. Targeted next-generation sequencing was positive for CIC-DUX4 fusion (6/6); fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was positive for CIC rearrangement (2/3). Eight of eight had evidence of CIC-DUX4 fusion/rearrangement by molecular techniques. Immunohistochemistry was positive for CD99+ (8/8) and DUX4+ (4/4). FISH for EWSR1 rearrangement was negative (5/5). Of five patients with at least 6 months follow-up, three of five died of disease, all within 2 years of presentation. One is alive with disease at 48 months. One is disease free at 3 months. Superficial CIC-rearranged sarcomas should be considered in cases exhibiting features reminiscent of Ewing sarcoma, but with increased pleomorphism and/or geographic necrosis. In contrast to superficial Ewing sarcomas, superficial CIC-rearranged sarcomas are aggressive.

First annulus formation in the European anchovy; a two-stage approach for robust validation

The age determination in fast-growing short-living species, such as European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), has been widely recognized as a difficult task and bias introduced by readers leads to bias in reconstructing the population age structure. In this context, it is worth to note that age structure of fish population represents key information in fishery ecology and for stock assessment models. The uncertainty in estimating the age of the European anchovy by otolith reading is linked to the number of false-growth increments (checks) laid down before the annulus formation. While direct validation methods (e.g. mark-recapture, rearing, radiochemical dating) are difficult to implement specially for this short living species, the use of different indirect methods, supported by a coherent statistical approach, represents a robust and easier validation tool. A statistical modeling approach has been here adopted to assess the coherence of two well-known methods, namely Edge Analysis and Marginal Increment Analysis, in order to validate the first annulus formation in European anchovy. Both methodologies in two different yearly cycles converged toward the same result, thus confirming the annulus identification for the first year class. In addition, the completion dates of the checks and the first annulus were computed in order to gain a better insight into otolith growth dynamic. According to the species spawning period, the completion date of the first annulus falls in the summer period, while the first and second checks completion dates were mostly found in summer and winter respectively. General additive models using marginal increments as dependent variable showed a significant effect of the month, highlighting the presence of only one clear minimum in July/August, as well as specific relationships with condition factor and gonadosomatic index. Modeling the otolith edge morphology, the probability to find a hyaline band displayed in both years a similar shape, characterized by a minimum in July/August and higher values between November and January. The obtained results evidenced temporally coherent patterns providing a better insight in the otolith growth dynamic as well as a more robust validation of the first annulus formation in the European anchovy.

A new species of Bryconops Kner (Characiformes: Iguanodectidae) from the Rio Maicuru, lower Amazon basin, Brazil.

A new species of Bryconops is described from the rio Maicuru, a tributary of the left margin of the lower Amazon River, Pará, Brazil. Bryconops chernoffi new species, differs from all its congeners by the presence of an elongated dark patch of pigmentation immediately after the posterodorsal margin of the opercle, running vertically from the supracleithrum to the distal margin of the cleithrum (vs. absence of a similar blotch), and by a dark dorsal fin with a narrow hyaline band at middle portion of dorsal-fin rays (vs. dorsal fin hyaline or with few scattered chromatophores). It differs further from all its congeners, except B. colanegra, by the presence of a blurred black stripe at the anal fin base. It differs from B. colanegra by possessing fewer predorsal scales (8-9 vs. 10-11) and in that the third infraorbital contacts the preopercle ventrally (vs. third infraorbital not contacting preopercle ventrally). The new species is assigned to the subgenus Creatochanes by the number of maxillary teeth, and ossification and denticulation of the gill rakers.

A new species of Oxynetra from Mexico (Hesperiidae, Pyrginae, Pyrrhopygini).

Oxynetra aureopecta sp. n. is described from the Sierra Madre Oriental of east-central Mexico. Visually similar to Mesoamerican O. hopfferi Staudinger, 1888 in having five orange bands on the abdomen above, it is diagnosed by orange forecoxae and palpi beneath, narrower forewing hyaline bands and a prominent 6% difference in the COI DNA barcode sequence. It is the northernmost representative of the hopfferi species group that also includes O. stangelandi Grishin & Burns, 2013, characterized by a single-banded abdomen and currently known only from the Area de Conservación Guanacaste in northwestern Costa Rica. Both O. hopfferi and O. stangelandi possess white forecoxae and ventral palpi. This new discovery brings the total number of Oxynetra C. & R. Felder, 1862 species to five.

EDAD Y CRECIMIENTO DE LA SARDINA MONTERREY SARDINOPS CAERULEUS (PISCES: CLUPEIDAE) EN ISLA DE CEDROS, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO, DURANTE 1985 Y 1986.

Monthly samples of pacific sardine Sardinops caeruleus (Pisces: Clupeidae) were taken during 1985 and 1986 from the commercial fleet that operates in isla de Cedros, Baja California, México; 2609 organisms were measured and 994 pairs of otoliths were collected in order to estimate the age through reading of opaque and hyaline bands. Eighty-seven percent of the otoliths were readable, finding organisms up to five years old. In the 1985 commercial capture two year old sardines were the most abundant, but in 1986 the three year old sardines were the dominant group. The size ranged between 135 mm and 230 mm standard length; the modal size was 170 mm in 1985 and 190 mm in 1986. The growth of the pacific sardine is very fast, reaching 140 mm of standard length during the first year. The estimate of the parameters of Bertalanffy growth model for this period was: 1-ÿ=198.52 mm, k=1.14 and to=0.012.

Age, growth and natural mortality of the Patagonian sprat Sprattus fuegensis (Jenyns, 1842) in Chiloe inland sea, southern Chile

Growth parameters (L∞, K, and t0) and natural mortality of the Patagonian sprat (Sprattus fuegensis) Chiloe inland sea were estimated. This area corresponds to the northern limit of the species distribution in the South Pacific Ocean. A total of 1,584 otolith were analyzed between July 2005 and December 2006. A covariance analysis ruled out significant differences (P = 0.654) in the otolith size-fish length relationship between males and females. The otoliths showed high monthly proportion of hyaline edge type in August 2005 and from July to October 2006. The hyaline band formation from mid-winter to spring coincided with the breeding season extending from September to December. This suggests an annual periodicity of annuli formation, likely as a consequence of channeling energy into reproduction. The growth parameters were L∞= 17.71 cm; K = 0.78 yr -1 ; and t0 = -0.46 yr, while the maximum observed age was 6 years. Natural mortality given growth parameters and species maturity, was estimated at 1.0 yr -1 . The modal decomposition of monthly length distribution, analyzed by a statistical-numerical algorithm (MIX approach) gave similar results to those obtained from otolith readings.

Age and growth of the Scalloped Hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini (Griffith and Smith, 1834), from the southern Brazilian coast

Age and growth studies for the scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini (Griffith and Smith, 1834) caught along the southern Brazilian coast, were based on ring measurements of vertebrae sections of 115 males, 116 females and 14 unknown sexed sharks between 48 and 344 cm total length (TL). The von Bertalanffy growth models were best fit using back-calculated data. The growth parameters obtained for males, were L∞ = 266 cm; K = 0.05/year; L0 = 47 cm. For females, L∞ = 300 cm; K = 0.05/year; L0 = 51 cm. An adult female reached 217 cm TL and was 31.5 years old. On the other hand, an adult male was 29.5 years old and measured 234 cm TL. Longevity estimate for males and females was 55 years. Therefore, S. lewini is a long-lived fish. Ageing precision, based on the IAPE index, was 5.6%. Marginal Increment analysis based on MIR index from hammerheads smaller than 105 cm, compared with the percentual of opaque and hyaline bands found per month ageing whole vertebrae, showed an annual ring formation, i.e., in winter.

Morphological study of the genus Cocconeis Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyceae) collected during the 1897–1899 Belgian Antarctic Expedition

Henri Van Heurck examined a sample collection of sea ice and underlying sea floor sediment material during the Belgian Antarctic Expedition (1897–1899). He described eight new taxa of the monoraphid diatom genus Cocconeis from this collection including: C. antiqua var. tenuistriata, C. gautierii var. gautierii and var. inornata, C. heydrichii, C. japonica var. antarctica, C. litigiosa, C. schuettii var. schuettii and var. minor. All these Cocconeis taxa share well-silicified sternum valves with wide, apical hyaline areas, more or less lenticular in shape, and narrow hyaline bands at mid-distance between the apical axis and the margin, while the more delicate raphe-sternum valves bear uniseriate striae, a hemistauros associated with the central raphe area, and crescentshaped terminal hyaline areas. Since their original description in the early 20th century, these Cocconeis taxa have been rarely reported. I studied newly described Cocconeis taxa from Van Heurck’s type material by light microscopy. The main valve features of C. gautierii var. gautierii and var. inornata, C. litigiosa, and C. schuettii var. schuettii and var. minor agree well with those of Cocconeis antiqua; I propose these five taxa be reduced to synonymy of C. antiqua.

Age, growth and reproduction in creole perch (Percichthys trucha) in the Negro River, Argentinean Patagonia

Summary Age, growth and reproductive characteristics of creole perch, Percichthys trucha, were investigated in the Negro River, southern Argentina from samples collected seasonally, December 1994–December 1995. Age was estimated via scale and whole otolith reading methods. Total length (n = 413) ranged from 103 to 432 mm, and weight from 12 to 1042 g. Significant differences between the length-weight relationships of males and females were detected (P < 0.05). Isometric growth was observed in juveniles and males, whereas total population and females exhibited positive allometric growth. The marking pattern in scales and otoliths followed an annual rhythm, with the formation of only one annulus in scales and only one hyaline band in otoliths during autumn-winter. The oldest males were 5 years old whereas maximum age in females was 12 years from scales and 15 years from otoliths. Because scales were found to underestimate age in individuals older than 4 years, otoliths were considered to be the best structures for creole perch age determination. Gompertz growth parameters based on otolith data were L∞: 428.0 mm, k = 0.46 and t0 = 0.43 for total population (r = 0.90), L∞: 410.7 mm, k = 0.42 and t0 = 0.46 for males (r = 0.91), and L∞: 434.1 mm, and k = 0.49 and t0 = 0.43 for females (r = 0.91). Lengths at first maturity (TL50) were 260 and 241 mm in males and females, respectively, both of which corresponded to ages between 1 and 2 years. Macroscopic gonad inspection and the high percentage of juveniles captured during summer indicated that spawning begins at the end of spring.

Age and growth of the swordfish (Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758) in the southeastern Pacific off Chile (2001)

The age and growth of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the southeastern Pacific off Chile were estimated for 511 males and 632 females using samples collected from longline fisheries in 2001. Lower jaw fork length (LJFL) measurements ranged from 100 to 265 cm for males and 116 to 289 cm for females. Age estimates were obtained using cross sections of the second anal fin ray. Both the monthly average marginal increment and the analysis of the edge type indicated periodicity in the formation of growth bands, with the hyaline band forming in the summer (December-March). The relationship between the ray radius and LJFL was nonlinear. The growth was modeled using standard and generalized Von Bertalanffy equations. Sword- fish growth was best described by the standard equation, with the following parameters: L∞ = 279 cm, K = 0.158, t0 = −2.65 for males, and L∞ = 321 cm, K = 0.133, t0 = −2.46 for females. The analysis of growth curves revealed that females are significantly larger than males. A comparison of growth rates between differ- ent studies shows that swordfish in the southeastern Pacific off Chile grow faster than those from the north- western Pacific (Taiwan), southwestern Pacific (Australia), and other regions (Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea), but their growth rates are very similar to those of the swordfish from the central North Pacific (Hawaii).

Comparison of pelvic fin rays, scales and otoliths for estimating age and growth of bull trout, Salvelinus confluentus

Abstract The suitability of three anatomical structures to determine age and growth of bull trout, Salvelinus confluentus (Suckley), was assessed. Scales and pelvic fin rays collected from recaptured bull trout 96–265 mm TL were used to validate annulus formation and assess the accuracy and precision of back calculation. Ageing precision and agreement of assigned ages were compared among scales, fin rays and otoliths from bull trout 52–711 mm TL. Annulus formation was validated for 88% (14 of 16 fish) of recaptured bull trout using pelvic fin rays and 68% using scales (15 of 22 fish). Annulus formation in fin rays occurred between late April to early June, and the hyaline (non‐growth) band began forming in late August. Back‐calculated length was not significantly different from measured length at initial capture either for fin rays or scales (P ≥ 0.19), and absolute percent error was 7.2 ± 1.2 (mean ± SE; n = 14) for fin rays and 8.7 ± 1.9 (n = 15) for scales. Consistency of back‐calculated lengths at age between tag and recapture samples for individual fish was similar for fin rays (mean absolute difference = 8.2% ± 0.9; n = 33) and scales (9.4% ± 1.4; n = 40). However, fin rays (87% precision) and otoliths (90%) provided notably higher ageing precision than scales (68%) and closer agreement of assigned ages, particularly for fish older than age 4. Pelvic fin rays appear to offer more accurate and precise age and growth determinations than scales and a non‐lethal alternative to otoliths, but further work is needed to validate the accuracy and precision of ageing large, migratory bull trout.

To studying of encyrtid-wasps of the genus Microterys (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae) of the fauna of Israel

Five new species and one subspecies with one or without any transverse hyaline bands on the forewings are described from Israel.

A NEW SPECIES OF SIMULIUM (NEVERMANNIA) FROM THE OGASAWARA (BONIN) ISLANDS, JAPAN (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)

Simulium (Nevermannia) satakei sp. nov. is described on the basis of the pupa and mature larvae collected from the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands in Japan. This new species, tentatively (due to lack of the adult stage) assigned to the vernum species-group of the subgenus Nevermannia, is characterized in the pupa by four gill filaments lacking transverse ridges, and in the larva by a small, M-shaped postgenal cleft, antenna without hyaline bands, and simple rectal papilla. The morphological differences among this new species and the two known species, S. (N.) uemotoi from Japan and S. (N.) karzhantacum from Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, are noted. This is the second species of the family Simuliidae from the Islands.

Mediastinal Parathyroid Tumor: Giant Adenoma or Carcinoma?

A 71-yr-old woman presented with progressive weakness, bone pain, polydipsia, and epigastric pain. Laboratory studies established the diagnosis of primary hyperparathy roidism with excessively elevated levels of parathyrod hormone (PTH) complicated by renal failure and anemia. Preoperative imaging using (99m)technetium hexakis 2-methoxy-isobutylisonitrile (MIBI) demonstrated an area of intense uptake in the mediastinum, which on T(2) -weighted magnetic resonance imaging revealed the presence of a hyperintense mediastinal mass of 25 mm in diameter adjacent to the ascending aorta Surgical exploration and resection of the mass were performed, and histological examination of the tumor revealed solid masses of epithelial cells growing in a trabecular pattern, hyaline bands, and low mitotic activity. Immunohistochemical staining of the tumor specimens using monoclonal mouse antihuman antibodies revealed markedly positive immunoreactivity of tumor cells for p53 protein and absence of nuclear immunoreactivity for the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor protein, findings consistent with parathyroid carcinoma. Improved imaging techniques and advances in molecular pathology of parathyroid disorders may help to improve clinical management of patients with parathyroid neoplasia.