Husband's Occupation Research Articles

Pengaruh Demografi, Transportasi dan Sosial Ekonomi terhadap Kepatuhan ANC (Antenatal Care) di Puskesmas Lawonda Kabupaten Sumba Tengah

This study aims to analyze the influence of demographics, transportation and socio-economics on ANC compliance. This research method is observational with a cross sectional research design. The total sample was 65 pregnant women with a sampling technique, namely purposive sampling of 28 pregnant women who came to the community health center and accidental sampling of 37 pregnant women who came to the class for pregnant women and posyandu for toddlers. The instrument used was a questionnaire, data analysis used the chi square test and Fisher's Exact. The research results showed that pregnancy distance, distance from home, travel time, maternal education, maternal knowledge, husband's occupation, husband's income, marital status and husband/family support had an influence on ANC compliance. The factors that have the greatest influence are husband/family support and mother's knowledge.

Factors affecting early initiation of breastfeeding among mothers of urban area of Jabalpur district, Madhya Pradesh, India: A community-based cross-sectional study.

Early initiation of breastfeeding reduces infant mortality and morbidity and prolongs the duration of breastfeeding. The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding and factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding in the urban area of Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh. The present community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban area of Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh from March 2017 to July 2018 on 370 recently delivered mothers. Data were collected by interview, using the pretested structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS, version 20. Significance was set at the value of P < 0.05. The prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding was found to be 45.4%. The percentage of mothers initiating breastfeeding earlier increased when they belonged to the higher age group, nuclear family, were educated, employed, counseled during antenatal visits, non-primigravida and delivered in health institutions. It was also observed that type of delivery, socioeconomic status of mothers, birth weight of baby and occupation of husband are not significantly associated with the early initiation of breastfeeding. Increasing literacy amongst the population, promoting marriages at an appropriate age, counseling pregnant women regarding early initiation of breastfeeding during antenatal care visits and institutional deliveries can significantly increase the prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding in the mothers of urban areas of Jabalpur district, Madhya Pradesh.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Adherence to Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation Among Pregnant Women in Eastern Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and factors associated with adherence to iron-folic acid supplementation (IFAS) among pregnant women in eastern Sudan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among pregnant women who obtained antenatal care (ANC) at Gadarif Maternal Hospital in eastern Sudan between May 1 and August 31, 2023. Face-to-face interview questionnaires were used to gather sociodemographic, obstetric, and clinical data (age, parity, education, residence, and previous medical diseases). Knowledge of anemia and IFAS was assessed. Multivariate analysis was performed to adjust for confounders. A total of 568 pregnant women were enrolled in the present study. Among them, 449 (79.0%) adhered to the IFAS. The multivariate analysis showed that the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of IFAS adherence increased with ANC visits > 4 (AOR = 1.68, 95.0% CI = 1.01-2.77) and knowledge of anemia (AOR = 2.06, 95.0% CI = 1.437-3.276). In the univariate analysis, maternal occupation and knowledge of IFAS adherence were the only factors associated with IFAS adherence. Maternal age, parity, gestational age, education, residence, occupation, medical insurance, medical disease, and husband's occupation were not associated with IFAS. Forgetfulness (71.0%), frustration from taking many drugs (54.6%), and unpleasant tests of the supplement (50.7%) were the main reasons for not taking the IFAS. About four out of five pregnant women adhered to the IFAS, indicating a good level of adherence, especially among women who attended more than four ANC visits and those with good knowledge of anemia. More attention is needed to encourage ANC to increase adherence to IFAS.

Differences in Associated Factors of Underweight and Overweight According to Rural-Urban Residence Strata among Ever-Married Non-Pregnant Women of Reproductive Age in Bangladesh.

This study sought to compare the prevalence of underweight and overweight among ever-married, non-pregnant women of reproductive age in Bangladesh by urban or rural residency status. This study used Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), 2017 data. Cross-sectional study design with two-stage stratified sampling method was employed. A sample of ever-married non-pregnant women of reproductive age was selected and multinomial logistic regression was utilised in analysis. It was found that around half of rural women (45.0%, N = 4,934) and more than half of urban women (60.3%, n = 3,913) were overweight. Nearly one in seven rural women (14.0%, n = 1,537) and 1 in 12 urban women (9.0%, n = 564) were reported as underweight. Our analyses revealed that being overweight was substantially connected with age, husband's occupation, economic status, television access, and division for both urban and rural areas. Women from poor households were significantly more likely to be underweight than women from middle- income households for both urban (P < 0.05; OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.94) and rural (P < 0.05; OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.46) areas. Interestingly, women without television access both in urban (P < 0.001; OR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.91) and rural (P < 0.001; OR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.84) areas had an inverse association with overweight/obesity compared to women with television access. In both areas, women in Sylhet and Mymensingh had higher likelihood of being underweight than Barisal division. Additionally, in both residential zones, women in Sylhet had lower likelihood of being overweight than Barisal division. This study reveals that multiple characteristics are linked to both overweight and underweight among ever-married, non-pregnant women of reproductive age in Bangladesh. Addressing these variables should be a priority in public health efforts to combat the dual challenge of malnutrition in Bangladesh.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Child Marriage Among Madhesi Women in Nepal's Terai Region.

Child marriage is a detrimental practice with negative consequences for girls' health and well-being. This study aims to identify the prevalence of child marriage and associated risk factors within the Madhesi community. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sub-metropolitan city of Lumbini Province, Nepal, in 2023. A total of 352 married women were randomly selected using simple random sampling and interviewed using a structured questionnaire between March 28th and April 17th. Descriptive categorical variables were expressed as proportions. Risk factors associated with child marriage were measured using the Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26. The majority of respondents (36.1%) were in the age group 21-25, with a mean age of 25.90 years ± 4.6 years. Most respondents (48.9%) received only basic-level education, with the majority (72.4%) reporting their parents as having no formal education. The primary family occupation was farming (40.1%). The prevalence of child marriage was high (77.0%), with a median marriage age of 18 years. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant risk factors including lower education levels of respondents and their parents, husband's occupation, lack of awareness about the legal marriage age, limited decision-making power regarding marriage, belief in the dowry system, discussions with friends about child marriage, and occurrence of child marriage among friends. Despite legal prohibition, child marriage remains prevalent in the Madhesi community. Educational interventions targeting women and parents, empowering women with decision-making authority, and addressing the dowry system are crucial for reducing this harmful practice.

Completion of maternal and child health continuum of care and associated factors among women in Gode district, Shebele Zone, Eastern Ethiopia, 2022

BackgroundThe Continuum of care for reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health includes integrated service delivery for mothers and children from pre-pregnancy to delivery, the immediate postnatal period, and childhood. In Ethiopia, the magnitude of antenatal care, skilled delivery, postnatal care, and immunization for children have shown improvement. Despite this, there was limited research on the percentage of mothers who have completed maternal and child continuum care.ObjectiveTo assess the Completion of Maternal and Child Health Continuum of Care and Associated Factors among women in Gode District, Shebele Zone, Eastern Ethiopia ,2022.MethodA community-based cross-sectional study design applied from November 1–15, 2022. A stratified sampling method was applied. A woman who had two 14–24 months child preceding the data collection period were included in the study. An interviewer-administered semi-structured questioner had been used for data collection. Data collected by using kobo collect and analyzed using STATA version 17. Both Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done. In multivariable analysis, variables having P-values ≤ 0.05 were taken as factors associated with the completion of the maternal and child health continuum of care.ResultThe Completion of maternal and child continuum of care was 13.5% (10.7-17.0%) in Gode district,2022. Accordingly, Husband occupation (Government employee) [AOR = 2.3, 95%CI 1.2–4.7] and perceived time to reach health facility (less than 30 min) [AOR = 2.96, 95%CI 1.2–7.5] were factors showing significant association with maternal and child health continuum of care among mothers in Gode district, Somali regional State;2022 at P-value ≤ 0.05.Conclusion and recommendationOnly 13.5% of mothers in Gode district received all of the recommended maternal and child health services during their pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum period. The study found that two factors were associated with a higher likelihood of receiving Maternal and child continuum of care: Government employed husband and perceived time to reach a health facility. Governments can play a key role in increasing the maternal and child health continuum of care by investing by making health care facility accessible.

Socioeconomic Inequalities in Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence from Vietnam.

Although socioeconomic inequality has been identified as a significant factor for violence against women, the connection between these two variables has not been widely recognized and addressed in many countries. This study aims to quantify the degree of socioeconomic inequalities in intimate partner violence (IPV) in Vietnam and investigate the contribution of each determinant factor that contributes to the observed inequality. We utilized the Vietnamese National Survey on Domestic Violence against Women (N = 4,019) for the analysis. Household wealth was used as a proxy for socioeconomic status. We used a concentration index to quantify the degree of socioeconomic inequality in emotional, physical, or sexual violence and a combination of these three types of violence. We further decomposed the concentration index to identify the contribution of each determinant to the observed inequality in IPV. We found that the prevalence of IPV was significantly concentrated among the worse-off across all types of IPV and that disparities in husband's occupation (48%), women's education (39%), husband's education (38%), and class (34%) were the primary factors contributing to increased inequalities in IPV. Our results indicated that higher education and engagement in skilled jobs were highly concentrated among the better-off, creating unequal distribution of these variables across wealth. Policy could mitigate the inequality in IPV by expanding women's access to education and economic opportunities. However, interventions should target both men and women and within couples because husband's characteristics also play an important role in explaining socioeconomic inequalities in IPV.

Exploring the association between unintended pregnancies and unmet contraceptive needs among Ugandan women of reproductive age: an analysis of the 2016 Uganda demographic and health survey

BackgroundUnintended pregnancy and unmet contraceptive needs pose significant public health challenges, particularly in developing nations, where they contribute to maternal health risks. While previous research has explored determinants of unintended pregnancies, there remains a gap in understanding the association between unplanned pregnancies and unmet contraceptive needs among Ugandan women of reproductive age. This study aimed to assess unmet contraceptive needs and their correlation with unintended pregnancies and other factors in Uganda, utilizing a nationally representative sample.MethodsData was extracted from the 2016 Uganda Demographic Health Survey (UDHS), a cross-sectional survey conducted in the latter half of 2016. The study encompassed 18,506 women aged 15–49 with a history of at least one prior pregnancy. The primary outcome variable was the planning status of the most recent pregnancy, while the principal independent variable was unmet contraceptive need. Additional variables were controlled in the analysis. Data analysis was performed using STATA version 17, involving descriptive analysis, cross-tabulation, chi-square testing, and logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsA substantial proportion of women reported unintended pregnancies (44.5%), with approximately 21.09% experiencing an unmet need for contraception. In the adjusted model, women with unmet contraceptive needs had 3.97 times higher odds of unintended pregnancy (95% CI = 3.61–4.37) compared to those with met contraceptive needs. Significant factors linked to unintended pregnancies included women's age, place of residence, household wealth status, decision-making authority regarding contraceptive use, educational attainment, husband's occupation, and educational level.ConclusionThis study revealed that both the rate of unintended pregnancies and unmet contraceptive needs in Uganda exceeded the global average, warranting urgent policy attention. Addressing unmet contraceptive needs emerges as a potential strategy to curtail unintended pregnancies. Further qualitative research may be necessary to elucidate the sociocultural and behavioral determinants of unwanted pregnancies, facilitating context-specific interventions.

A Cross-sectional study design of risk factors related to antenatal care service use among pregnant women in Sinana district, Bale zone, Ethiopia.

Maternal health refers to the well-being of women through pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. Antenatal care refers to the care that is given to a pregnant woman from the time that conception is confirmed until the beginning of labour. Ethiopia was known in concert of the world's nation with primary maternal mortality proportions. The major goal of this study was to survey risk factors related with antenatal care service use among pregnant ladies at regenerative age. Data were obtained from primary sources. To dissect the information, descriptive and Bayesian multilevel binary logistic regression of random coefficient model was utilized. The convergence of parameters was assessed by Monte carol Markova Chain utilizing Stata 16 and MLwiN 2.31 programming. The descriptive result showed that out of the whole 636 pregnant women considered around 60.5%were obtained antenatal care benefits. The odds ratio of pregnant women living in the rural areas being receiving antenatal care services was 0.206(OR = 0.206, P ≤ 0.05). This indicates that the use of prenatal care by rural mothers has decreased by 79.4% compared to urban mothers. Similarly, the Odds ratio for Pregnant women with medium and rich wealth index are 1.571(OR = 1.571, P ≤ 0.05) and 1.90(OR = 1.90, P ≤ 0.05) respectively. This means that pregnant women who are with medium and rich wealth index level had 57.1% and 90% increased odds compared to those pregnant women with poor wealth index consecutively. Varieties between the kebeles in terms of antenatal care benefit utilize were lessening by 0.9 % in random coefficient model. Generally, the study showed that there was high variation among pregnant women not to utilize antenatal care benefits and the likelihoods of prenatal use were found to increase with the husband occupation, wealth index, age category 25-34, and husband education level.

Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Breast Cancer Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Faisalabad, Pakistan

The prevalence of depression in the patients of breast cancer is very common. The diagnosis of cancer produces stress, anxiety, and fear of pain and death in patients, all of which affect their physical and emotional wellbeing. These factors hinder the treatment of cancer because patients lose their will to live a happy and healthy life. The quality of life of people with psychiatric symptoms remains poor. Furthermore, there is a considerable risk that depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer can lead to physical impairment and prolong mortality. The current descriptive and cross-sectional study was designed to determine depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) levels in breast cancer patients at a tertiary care hospital in Faisalabad, Pakistan. The questionnaire included the socio-demographic, disease, and DAS related questions. A total of 138 women with breast cancer were included. The data was analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed that 38% of women had extremely severe depression, 68% were suffering from extremely severe anxiety, and 34% were facing extremely severe stress. The study showed that different factors were affecting the DAS scale, such as illiteracy (46.40%), occupation (labour 60.90%) and low income (76.80%) of husbands, sad reaction of families (60.10%), and the fear of chemotherapy (44.20%). Cancer patients need special attention and treatments to avoid emotional distress during their disease journey. This currebt study helps the healthcare professionals to provide psychological treatment to these patients.

Drivers for COVID 19 vaccine hesitancy among breastfeeding women in Eastern tribal state, India.

In the COVID-19 pandemic age, vaccination hesitancy also known as vaccine refusal is a cause for worry since it hinges on the five Cs of confidence, complacency, convenience, calculation, and shared responsibility. The current study was to pinpoint the elements that contribute to breastfeeding women's hesitation to receive the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccine. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tertiary Care Hospital, Ranchi, Jharkhand. Out of 365 nursing mothers, 242 (66.3%) were hesitant to get the COVID-19 vaccination. Those who chose not to receive the COVID-19 vaccination mostly belong to those aged 18 to 25 (38.1%), living in rural regions (44.9%), and belonging to non-tribal ethnic groups (41.1%). On application of logistic regression, it was found that rural areas had 3 times higher rate of vaccine hesitancy than urban residents, and that husbands' education levels up to the 12th grade had a 3.55 times higher rate and 5 times agriculture by husband's occupation, which was statistically significant (P value less than 0.05) The most prevalent grounds for rejection were fear of side effects (85.8%) and worry of adverse effects on newborns (83.48%). Both husband and wife, who had completed high school and were aware of the vaccination, were fearful of the COVID-19 vaccine. Concerns about the side effects and undesirable effects of vaccination on their newborns were the main reasons for refusal.

Prevalence and factors associated with child marriage, a systematic review

BackgroundGirl child marriage is increasingly recognized as a critical barrier to global public health and gender discrimination. There are still more gaps in the global rate of child marriage and the underlying factors. Thus, the present systematic review aimed to explore the prevalence of child marriage and the underlying factors.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted for all English-language studies that measured the prevalence of child marriage and its correlates from 2000 to March 2022, indexed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Poplin, and Google Scholar databases. Child marriage is defined as marriage under the age of 18. In the present study, Joanna Briggs' quality assessment checklist was used for data collection. Two independent reviewers reviewed all the articles.ResultsIn total, 34 eligible prevalence articles and 14 trend articles were included in the study with data from 127,945 participants. The prevalence of child marriage ranged between 1.8% to 90.85%. In most studies, the trend of child marriage was decreasing. The most important individual factors include the respondent's education and occupation, interpersonal factors such as the education and occupation of parents and husband, family size and type. Community factors include socioeconomic status, region, residence, ethnicity, and religion at the social level.ConclusionDespite a central focus of research and policies on interventions that decrease child marriage, this phenomenon is still prevalent in many places. Therefore, further specific interventions are required to improve education, reduce poverty and inequality. This may help achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.

Risk Factors of Pre-eclampsia: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study.

Introduction Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-specific hypertensive disorder and is one of the leading causes of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality in India and worldwide. Evidence of the association between various risk factorsand pre-eclampsia is scarce in developing countries. As pre-eclampsia remains a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity, focusing on the causes and risk factors of pre-eclampsia during antenatal surveillance would prevent maternal deaths and reduce the maternal mortality rate. Our study aimed to determine the risk factors of pre-eclampsia. Materials and methods An unmatched case-control study was conducted at Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (VIMSAR), Burla, Odisha, taking 100 cases of pre-eclampsia and 100 controls without pre-eclampsia from January 2021 to January 2023. The study population included patients admitted to the Obstetrics & Gynecology labor room. Study participants were selected randomly from the labor room thrice weekly. Data were collected using a predesigned pre-tested questionnaire and case report format. Data were analyzed using IBMSPSSStatistics for Windows, Version 26 (Released 2019; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States).Appropriate statistical tests (Odds ratio, proportions, Chi-square test) were applied, and the final interpretation was made. Results Family history of hypertension (AOR = 4.2), history of chronic hypertension (AOR = 13.7), and AB blood group (AOR = 3.6) were found to be significant risk factors for pre-eclampsia. No significant association was found between pre-eclampsia and factors such as mother's age, caste, mother's education, type of family, socioeconomic status, education and occupation of husband, family history of diabetes mellitus, parity, history of abortion, and anemia. Conclusion Risk factors identified in the present study can be used to identify women at risk of pre-eclampsia during antenatal check-ups to minimize the complications of pre-eclampsia in both the mother and the fetus.

Factors Affecting the Utilization of Antenatal Care Service among Mothers Having Under 2 Years Children

Background: The Antenatal care period is the time between immediately conceptions after to before birth baby. The objective of this research is to find out factor associated with ANC service utilization by mothers.&#x0D; Methods: Community based analytical cross sectional study was conducted in Junichande rural municipality, Jajarkot among mother have child under two years of age data is collected through interview method. Descriptive analysis and chi- square test were performed.&#x0D; Results: This study shows more than half of the (58.8%) mother had completed ANC. Ethnicity, education level, husband occupation, availability of essential drugs and equipment, satisfaction behavior of health worker and proper physical infrastructure are the factors that influence the ANC care utilization which were found significantly associated with ANC utilization. The main reason for not receiving ANC among mother were lack of awareness.&#x0D; Conclusions: This study suggest health care providers and policy maker to make aware mothers on maternal complication to prevent and neonatal mortality and increase ANC utilization.

Factors affecting birth interval among mothers in Dabat district, Amhara Regional state, Northwest Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study, 2022

IntroductionBirth interval is the time period from live birth to a successive pregnancy or successive live birth which is the recommended to be at least 2 years or at least 33 months respectively. Both short and long birth intervals are associated with poor health outcomes for both mothers and babies. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to assess the length of birth intervals and its predictors among reproductive-age women in Dabat district.Methods: community-based cross-sectional survey conducted from December 10/2020 to January 10/2021. This study was done on 1262 multi para women. Five days training was given for the data collectors and supervisors. Bivariable and multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis were done. Those variables which had P-value less than 0.25 in the bi variable analysis were entered to multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and P-value less than 0.05 was used to determine significant determinants of birth interval. ResultThis study revealed that the magnitude of short and long birth interval was 30.59% and 22.82% respectively. Wealth status (poor: AOR = 0.72, CI: 0.53, 0.97), maternal education (Diploma and above: AOR = 2.79, CI: 1.18, 6.56), ANC follow up (having ante natal care: AOR = 2.15, CI: 1.72, 2.69), husband occupation (Employed: AOR = 1.77, CI: 1.03, 3.01) and history of abortion (abortion: AOR = 2.48, CI: 1.08, 5.66) were statistically significant factors. ConclusionHigher percentage of mothers have either short or long birth interval. Birth interval is affected by socio demographic characteristics of mothers and husbands.

Knowledge and Attitudes of Pregnant Women Towards Dietary Supplements and Alternative Medicine for the City of Mosul

Background: Alternative medicine is a term used to describe treatments that may receive along with traditional medicine. Examples of aalternative medicine include massage, meditation, biofeedback, tai chi, reiki, music therapy, guided imagery, herbal medicines and dietary supplements. This study aimed to Determine pregnant women's knowledge and attitudes about dietary supplementation and alternative medicine. Methodology and materials: A Cross-Sectional study design was used to achieve the present study's objectives from the 10th of December 2021 to the 1st of March 2022. A structured interviewing questionnaire was used to collect data from 250 pregnant women at Al Khansa, Al Salam, Al-Batool, and Mosul General hospitals in Mosul city. Results: The majority (62.8%) of pregnant women's age group was (21-30), and the mean age was of mothers (28.4). (51.6%) of the pregnant were homemakers, (31.2%) were employees, and knowledge of pregnant women using supplements was 1.7973, while knowledge of pregnant women using alternative medicine was 1.627. Pregnant women's attitudes about nutritional supplements and alternative medicine are 2.9331 Conclusion: the knowledge level about supplements and alternative medicine was moderate, and this knowledge was associated with their attitudes. There is a significant relationship between demographic information and their knowledge and attitudes, while BMI and husband occupation were insignificant. Recommendation: Ministry of Health must adopt education through health promotion programs about the safe use of dietary supplements and alternative medicine for pregnant women and better understand the reasons and facilitators. Also, encourage pregnant women through different media to consulate the doctors and nurses before using any nutritional supplement or alternative medicine to prevent complications and side effects. Keywords: Knowledge, pregnant, Mosul, Iraq.

Gender differences in cardiothoracic surgery letters of recommendation

ObjectiveTo investigate whether or not gender influences letters of recommendation for cardiothoracic surgery fellowship. MethodsFrom applications to an Accreditation Council Graduate Medical Education cardiothoracic surgery fellowship program between 2016 and 2021, applicant and author characteristics were examined with descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and Pearson χ2 tests. Linguistic software was used to assess communication differences in letters of recommendation, stratified by author and applicant gender. An additional higher-level analysis was then performed using a generalized estimating equations model to examine linguistic differences among author-applicant gender pairs. ResultsSeven hundred thirty-nine recommendation letters extracted from 196 individual applications were analyzed; 90% (n = 665) of authors were men and 55.8% (n = 412) of authors were cardiothoracic surgeons. Compared with women authors, authors who are men wrote more authentic (P = .01) and informal (P = .03) recommendation letters. When writing for women applicants, authors who are men were more likely to display their own leadership and status (P = .03) and discuss women applicants' social affiliations (P = .01), like occupation of applicant's father or husband. Women authors wrote longer letters (P = .03) and discussed applicants' work (P = .01) more often than authors who are men. They also mentioned leisure activities (P = .03) more often when writing for women applicants. ConclusionsOur work identifies gender-specific differences in letters of recommendation. Women applicants may be disadvantaged because their recommendation letters are significantly more likely to focus on their social ties, leisure activities, and the status of the letter writer. Author and reviewer awareness of gender-biased use of language will aid in improvements to the candidate selection process.

Hubungan Pengetahuan, Pendidikan Ibu Hamil dan Pekerjaan Suami terhadap Kejadian Sifilis pada Ibu Hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Muara Tembesi

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum which can cause quite severe conditions such as brain infections and body defects which can be dangerous if it occurs in pregnant women. This type of research is Observational Analytics with a cross-sectional research design which aims to determine the relationship between knowledge, education of pregnant women and husband's occupation of the incidence of syphilis in the Working Area of the Muara Tembesi Health Center in 2022. This research was conducted in February-April 2022 The population in this study was all pregnant women in the working area of the Muara Tembesi Health Center in 2021 totaled 338 people with a sample of 77 respondents. The sampling technique used is Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling. Data collection used a questionnaire with univariate and bivariate analysis with the statistical test used was chi-square. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between knowledge (ρ=0.003‹0.05), education (ρ=0.001‹0.05), and work (ρ=0.002‹0.05) on the incidence of syphilis in pregnant women. ‹0.05). It was concluded that the higher the knowledge, attitudes of pregnant women, and husband's support became the most dominant factors influencing the class of pregnant women

Utilization of Antenatal Services among Postnatal Mothers.

Antenatal care is medical supervision and care given to pregnant women to ensure, support and maintain maternal and fetal well-being throughout the pregnancy. Therefore, this study was done to find out the utilization of antenatal services among postnatal mothers. The descriptive cross sectional study design was used to identify the utilization of antenatal services among postnatal mothers who came in Maternal and Child Health Clinic for the immunization of baby. Total 367 postnatal mothers within one year of childbirth were recruited by simple random sampling technique, and data was collected with face-to-face interview by using semi structured interview schedule. Analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics. All postnatal mothers consumed iron and folic acid during pregnancy, 96.2% consumed until the childbirth, 94.0% got freely, 97.0% taken anti helminths drug, 98.1% did urine test, 98.1% did blood test, 97.8% got ultrasound service, and 96.5% received Td vaccine. Likewise, higher proportion had checked weight 98.6% and lower proportion had checked height 86.9%. Similarly, majority 90.2% received counselling on danger signs and only 26.2% received the counselling on preparation of items safe delivery and care of newborns. There is significant association of antenatal care service utilization with postnatal mothers' educational level and her husband's occupation (P<0.05 level). Although most of the postnatal mothers utilized antenatal care services, some aspect of antenatal education and counselling need to be improved such as preparation of item for delivery and new born care, finance, and blood donors.

Factors That Influence Early Detection of Cervical Cancer: VIA Examination OMPHE (Obedient Male Partner in Health-Education and Engagement) Model

In Indonesia, cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women after breast cancer. The low level of VIA examinations by women is due to several internal and external factors. This study determines the factors that influence the early detection of cervical cancer. The update in this research is with the high cost of Pap smear examination, a model that is more effective in detecting cervical cancer is created. The type of research used is analytic observational with cross-sectional design. The research subjects were husband and wife couples in the working area of 7 selected sub-districts in Padang City who met the inclusion criteria and were selected as research subjects. The sampling technique is multi-stage random sampling, which is sampling starting from random districts and villages. Then, at the Kelurahan level, the sample is taken by means of simple random sampling. Univariate analysis was used to obtain an overview of the frequency distribution and the percentage of each variable to be studied. Bivariate analysis was used to determine the relationship between each independent variable and the dependent variable. The results showed that there was a statistically significant relationship (p-value &lt; 0.05) between the husband's support, knowledge, and perception of the benefits of WUS's VIA examination. However, the respondents' age, education level, wife's occupation, husband's occupation, age of marriage, perceived vulnerability, perceived seriousness, and perceived barriers did not have a significant relationship with the VIA examination by WUS.