Hundreds Of Streams Research Articles

Thermal Integration in Sugar Production Using Pinch Analysis

Objective: the objective of this study is to conceptualize a network of heat exchangers designed to minimize energy waste and enhance the overall efficiency of the sugar production system.Methods: a systematic approach was adopted to analyze energy flows within the plant, identifying key areas for improvement, particularly in heating and evaporation processes. Heat accumulations in cascades and graphical analyses of composite curves were developed using specialized software to optimize heat exchange.Results: the results indicate a significant potential for energy savings, reducing the consumption of cooling and heating utilities in the plant by 7% and 30%, respectively. The developed computational tool allows for energy integration from simple processes to those with hundreds of streams. The pinch technology concept estimated an annual total savings of $464,850.08 in the selected process.Conclusion: this study demonstrates that thermal integration through pinch analysis not only improves energy efficiency in the sugar industry but also contributes to a considerable reduction in operational costs and environmental impact, providing a valuable tool for the industry’s sustainability and competitiveness.

High-Performance Computing Architecture for Sample Value Processing in the Smart Grid

The digitalization of the Electric Grid is a continuous process, both for operational and user networks. For example, in the energy transport infrastructures, the Ethernet broadcasting of digitalized current and voltage values for control and protection applications is a reality to share data with the newest digital power substations. However, emerging applications such as Distributed Energy Resources (DER) system coordination, Electric Transmission Lines continuous monitoring, and Power Quality assessment demand virtual technologies capable of processing a significant amount of these current and voltage streams measured in multiple and distributed locations in real-time. Concurrently, High-Performance Computing (HPC) increases its capabilities and reduces its costs, making it suitable for semi-distributed systems, such as the Smart Grid (SG). This article presents an innovative solution to accelerate the computation of hundreds of streams, combining a custom-designed silicon Intellectual Property (IP) and a new generation Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based accelerator card. This solution overcomes the computation and networking limitations of the state-of-the-art solutions based on distributed Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED) or Central Processing Unit (CPU)-based servers and uncovers the Sample Measured Value (SMV) processing complexity. It offers a high-level interface for the application designers.

Assessing the impact of stocking northern-origin hatchery brook trout on the genetics of wild populations in North Carolina

The release of hatchery-origin fish into streams with endemics can degrade the genetics of wild populations if interbreeding occurs. Starting in the 1800s, brook trout descendent from wild populations in the northeastern United States were stocked from hatcheries into streams across broad areas of North America to create and enhance fishery resources. Across the southeastern United States, many millions of hatchery-origin brook trout have been released into hundreds of streams, but the extent of introgression with native populations is not well resolved despite large phylogeographic distances between these groups. We used three assessment approaches based on 12 microsatellite loci to examine the extent of hatchery introgression in 406 wild brook trout populations in North Carolina. We found high levels of differentiation among most collections (mean F′ST = 0.718), and among most wild collections and hatchery strains (mean F′ST = 0.732). Our assessment of hatchery introgression was consistent across the three metrics, and indicated that most wild populations have not been strongly influenced by supplemental stocking. However, a small proportion of wild populations in North Carolina appear to have been strongly influenced by stocked conspecifics, or in some cases, may have been founded entirely by hatchery lineages. In addition, we found significant differences in the apparent extent of hatchery introgression among major watersheds, with the Savannah River being the most strongly impacted. Conversely, populations in the Pee Dee River watershed showed little to no evidence of hatchery introgression. Our study represents the first large-scale effort to quantify the extent of hatchery introgression across brook trout populations in the southern Appalachians using highly polymorphic microsatellite markers.

Properties of a Diffusive Hydrograph and the Interpretation of Its Single Parameter

The mathematical properties of the normalized diffusive hydrograph allow for easy determination of intrinsic basin characteristics. These include lag times between storm events and peak flow, recession rate, and the total, temporally integrated flow volume, all in terms of a single parameter, the basin time constant “b”. This simple function displays surprising fidelity to measured hydrographs of springs and hundreds of streams and small rivers. We explain this fidelity by showing that the curvature of the theoretical hydrograph matches that of the natural hydrographs better than several alternate models, and by demonstrating that the simple hydrograph function can be integrated over a range of time constants (0 to b max ) to represent the hierarchy of flow paths of varying lengths that exist in real watersheds. Surprisingly, the unwieldy analytical results from this integration are almost numerically indistinguishable from a simple hydrograph using a single, suitably-weighted average for the time constant. The peak flow times are shifted slightly. The accuracy with which the simple hydrograph approximates the integrated results for hierarchies of hydrographs representing individual flow paths explains why the former can realistically describe the discharge behaviors of complex natural watersheds.

THE WATER-SUPPLY OF CITIES.

ABSTRACT This is one of the burning questions of the hour. It is not because there is a lack of water. We have an abundance of streams, from the smallest brook that rushes down the mountain side, meanders through the fields and meadows, between flowery banks, over gravelly beds or through rich soil in cultivated bottom lands to the great Father of Waters, fed by the hundreds of streams permeating the immense territory spread out in magnificence between the Alleghenies on the east and the Rocky Mountains, rearing their lofty summits to the sky on the west. This vast system of streams carries the almost unlimited supply of water that falls from the clouds, by day and by night, down to the boundless ocean, rendering the magnificent valley of the Mississippi the fairest, loveliest and most productive portion of the surface of our terrestrial sphere. We have that immense chain of