Humidity Of Grain Research Articles

Analysis of the error of influencing factors on the result of measuring the moisture content of grain and grain products

The potential to utilize an ultrahigh-frequency method to regulate the humidity of grain and the products of their industrial processing, allowing one to use this method to regulate technological processes in the production environments of grain-processing industries by controlling the material under examination in free space and converting the measured parameters of the electromagnetic wave passed through the material into an electrical signal. The developed functional scheme of the experimental setup based on the ultrahigh-frequency method of dependence of attenuation and phase shift of electromagnetic wave on the volumetric density of wheat grain at different mass fraction of humidity is discussed, it is shown that with increasing volumetric density at a constant value of the mass fraction of moisture decreases the error of grain moisture measurement with increasing volumetric density, where the main component of the total error of the ultrahigh frequency method (amplitude and phase) is associated with the influence of interfering factors and depends mainly on the variable thickness and density of the controlled material. In order to reduce the components of measurement error brought on by various non-informative (interfering factors) parameters on the outcome of measuring the mass moisture ratio of grain and grain products, the method of moisture measurement in both discrete and inline manufacturing is investigated.

ИНТЕНСИВНЫЙ ЭНЕРГОСБЕРЕГАЮЩИЙ МЕТОД СУШКИ ЗЕРНА

The method of drying of grain and removal of moisture which is based on receiving and processing of arising thermal processes described by the thermodynamics equation is developed. This way was a little studied and was less often applied because of considerable imperfection of the production technology of the converter of frequency of big power (to some hundred kilowatts) and frequencies (to some hundred kHz). However, at present the equipment for induction heating gained big development and its application on drying installations in comparison with traditional ways of heating more preferably. Offered induction way of drying of grain where the grain material passes through drying mine by gravity. For carrying out pilot studies, it is developed the transistor–thyristor device, which consists of the control unit, the converter of frequency, the bunker with the screw in it that has helix surface, inductor windings, and a hydrometer. The algorithm of receiving and data processing is developed in the MATLAB software. At further increase in frequency the coefficient of losses won't change, therefore, considering that our device works in GHz range coefficient of losses will be constant, i.e. equal 0,6. Therefore when studying influence of humidity of grain on coefficient of losses we can consider with confidence that frequency doesn't influence the accuracy of measurements. The amount of heat received by moisture in a weevil increases with increase in its humidity. It is a first time when the Maxwell’s formula is suitable for calculating a heat taken from grain moisture. Reduction in specific cost of all plants demands the appeal to development and introduction simple on a design of induction heaters that is an actual problem. Agricultural production, unlike other types of production, possesses a considerable resource – the reserved energy in a biological object. Thus, use of information approach to the description of reactions of biological objects on external influence allows to develop electrotechnologies for increase of productivity, productivity of the grain drying equipment, decrease in power consumption of process of drying of grain.

ИНТЕНСИВНЫЙ ЭНЕРГОСБЕРЕГАЮЩИЙ МЕТОД СУШКИ ЗЕРНА

The method of drying of grain and removal of moisture which is based on receiving and processing of arising thermal processes described by the thermodynamics equation is developed. This way was a little studied and was less often applied because of considerable imperfection of the production technology of the converter of frequency of big power (to some hundred kilowatts) and frequencies (to some hundred kHz). However, at present the equipment for induction heating gained big development and its application on drying installations in comparison with traditional ways of heating more preferably. Offered induction way of drying of grain where the grain material passes through drying mine by gravity. For carrying out pilot studies, it is developed the transistor–thyristor device, which consists of the control unit, the converter of frequency, the bunker with the screw in it that has helix surface, inductor windings, and a hydrometer. The algorithm of receiving and data processing is developed in the MATLAB software. At further increase in frequency the coefficient of losses won't change, therefore, considering that our device works in GHz range coefficient of losses will be constant, i.e. equal 0,6. Therefore when studying influence of humidity of grain on coefficient of losses we can consider with confidence that frequency doesn't influence the accuracy of measurements. The amount of heat received by moisture in a weevil increases with increase in its humidity. It is a first time when the Maxwell’s formula is suitable for calculating a heat taken from grain moisture. Reduction in specific cost of all plants demands the appeal to development and introduction simple on a design of induction heaters that is an actual problem. Agricultural production, unlike other types of production, possesses a considerable resource – the reserved energy in a biological object. Thus, use of information approach to the description of reactions of biological objects on external influence allows to develop electrotechnologies for increase of productivity, productivity of the grain drying equipment, decrease in power consumption of process of drying of grain.

Smart cooling-aeration guided by aeration window model for paddy stored in concrete silos in a depot of Guangzhou, China

A smart cooling-aeration (SCA) system was developed and tested for cooling bulk paddy stored in concrete silos in a south-subtropical depot of Guangzhou, China. Besides lowering the grain temperature with natural cold air during winter months, the cooling-aeration operation was also required to minimize grain moisture content loss, as well as the fan noise nuisance to nearby residents. Based on the grain and ambient air condition, the SCA system used the collected information in Aeration Window Model (AWM) for optimal control of aeration fans. The AWM was based on the CAE adsorptive equation and equilibrium absolute humidity curve. The SCA system was tested in two concrete silos of 650 tonnes in Guangzhou (22°44′N, 113°30′E) from 7 December 2018 to 5 March 2019. The system was set to turn on the fans when the temperature of grain bulk was 3 °C higher than the ambient air temperature and the equilibrium absolute humidity of grain for adsorption was above the absolute humidity of the ambient air. The grain temperature in one silo decreased by 10.3 °C after 97.8 h of aeration. The unit energy consumption by one 5.5-kW centrifugal fan was 0.063 kWht∙°C-1. The grain temperature was lowered by 9.2 °C in 106.5 h in the second silo with the unit energy consumption of 0.031kWht∙°C-1 by a 2.2-kW centrifugal fan. The unit energy consumption for both silos were 52−77% lower than the lowest “typical” value (0.132 kWht∙°C-1) in similar type of silos in the region when cooling aeration is manually controlled. Compared to the 650 tonne paddy rice in the control silo with a 15 kW aeration fan, the grain moisture content, the total milled rice yield and grain processing quality was unchanged by the smart cooling aeration with smaller kW aeration fans.

СЕЛЕКЦИЯ НОВЫХ ГИБРИДОВ КУКУРУЗЫ С ПОНИЖЕННОЙ УБОРОЧНОЙ ВЛАЖНОСТЬЮ ЗЕРНА

СЕЛЕКЦИЯ НОВЫХ ГИБРИДОВ КУКУРУЗЫ С ПОНИЖЕННОЙ УБОРОЧНОЙ ВЛАЖНОСТЬЮ ЗЕРНА

СЕЛЕКЦИЯ НОВЫХ ГИБРИДОВ КУКУРУЗЫ С ПОНИЖЕННОЙ УБОРОЧНОЙ ВЛАЖНОСТЬЮ ЗЕРНА

СЕЛЕКЦИЯ НОВЫХ ГИБРИДОВ КУКУРУЗЫ С ПОНИЖЕННОЙ УБОРОЧНОЙ ВЛАЖНОСТЬЮ ЗЕРНА

Autogenerating Measuring Converters for the Electrotechnical Devices Used for Monitoring the Parameters of Agricultural Products

We consider the possibility of application of autogenerating measuring converters as secondary converters allowing one to create electrotechnical monitoring devices (EMD) for the simultaneous or separate measurements of the parameters of multicomponent agricultural products. A procedure of formation of the transfer functions of EMD and creation of idealized models used in measuring the humidity and conductivity of grains is proposed. The results of investigations reveal a principal possibility of development of the EMD with instrumental errors that do not exceed 0.1% within the range of humidity of grains 5–30%.

Formation of buckwheat genepool collection in Ukraine and directions of its usage

The national collection of buckwheat in Ukraine consists of more than 2,000 samples.The material is studied, reproduced and preserved in special storage facilities with controlled environmental conditions and temperature, humidity of grain in the hermeticcontainers. The research work, conducted over the genepool, has allowed separating the source of valuable for selection treats: high yield and productivity, large grain, low-growing plant, high seedling vigor, resistance towards abscission and impact of abiotic and biotic environmental factors. As a result of the fulfilling research program "Plant genetic resources" following actions are conducted annually:allocation of 10-15 sources of selection and agronomic traits of plant productivity, grain quality, adaptability of the material, etc .;software research and breeding facilities standards, sources and donors of valuable traits for breeding and other research - about 100 collection samples; transmission of 1-2 educational collections (30-50 samples) to educational institutions.

Optimization of water-heat treatment when making flour from ancient wheat

Recommendations for processing spelt wheat into high and first grade flour were developed. The studies of the influence of parameters of water-heat treatment on the yield of flour from spelt wheat grain, its whiteness and ash content were conducted. The hypothesis about the influence of moisture on the properties of spelt wheat grains similar to grain of bare-grain kinds of wheat was proved. A comparative analysis of the yield and quality of the samples that were milled after conducting water-heat treatment and at actual initial humidity of grain from 13.0 % to 14.5 % was performed. The use of the water-heat treatment (humidity of 15–16 %) allow obtaining the total yield of flour that is by 0.6–3.0 % higher, ash content decreases by 0.26 % after the first milling and by 0.22 % after the second milling. Flour whiteness after the first and second milling increases by 10 and 20 units, respectively. During milling, the spelt wheat grain without water-heat treatment, the samples with the highest initial humidity (14.0–14.5 %) demonstrated the best results (total yield of flour is 83.0–83.3 %, ash content is 0.76– 0.91 %, whiteness 25–51 units).In the production of flour from wheat spelt the recommended way to water-heat treatment implies single damping and softening of grain. Unlike the classical method, there is no damping stage before early break. Grain damping to 15.5 % and softening duration of 30 hours is optimal. The use the proposed treatment makes it possible to obtain the total yield of flour of 85.0 %. By major quality indicators, the resulting product refers to high and first grade flour.The results, presented in the article, make it possible to adjust reasonably the operation of the units for grain damping and choosing the optimum time for its softening

Интенсивность влагоотдачи зерна в период созревания у самоопыленных линий кукурузы в условиях Приморского края

Создание гибридов с низкой уборочной влажностью зерна является одним из важных направлений в селекции кукурузы. Однако для получения таких гибридов нужен новый исходный материал, обладающий высокой интенсивностью влагоотдачи зерна при созревании. В 2012 – 2014 гг. на опытных полях Приморского края впервые изучены и проанализированы динамика влажности и интенсивность высыхания зерна при созревании у самоопыленных линий кукурузы. Объектом исследования служили 22 самоопыленные линии кукурузы селекции Приморского НИИСХ. Самоопыленные линии высевали в селекционном питомнике на однорядковых делянках площадью 5 м2. Густота стояния в селекционном питомнике составляла 3 – 4 растения на 1 пог. м или 30 – 40 тыс. раст./га. Выделены линии с высокой интенсивностью высыхания зерна, которые использованы в селекционной работе по созданию гибридов кукурузы с низкой уборочной влажностью зерна. Наиболее высокая начальная влажность зерна отмечена у линий Прим 14, Прим 7 и Прим 27 (59,7; 61,3 и 61,5 % соответственно), наименьшая — у линий Прим 2 (50,3 %) и Прим 31 (49,6 %). Низкой конечной (уборочной) влажностью зерна характеризовались самоопыленные линии: Прим 22 — 22,0 %, Прим 2 — 22,7 %, Прим 27 — 24,5 %, Прим 29 — 24,7 %, Прим 30 — 24,9 %. Наибольшей интенсивностью влагоотдачи характеризовались линии Прим 7, Прим 14, Прим 22, Прим 27, Прим 34 — 1,06 – 1,31 % за сутки (в среднем за весь период изучения). При этом конечная влажность у них составляла 22,0 – 31,3 %.

Апаратно-програмний комплекс вимірювання вологості зерна в потоці з інтерфейсом за протоколом Modbus та Owen

Апаратно-програмний комплекс вимірювання вологості зерна в потоці з інтерфейсом за протоколом Modbus та Owen

Determination of Milling Module for Different Categories of Concentrates Feeds (Grain: Wheat and Corn)

The study was made in order to establishing qualitative indexes of concentrate feeds made by hummer mill MB-7,5 equipped with 3 type of sieves and 2 type of hummers on mill rotor. Granularity tests were made by Sieving Machine AS-300 with 4 sieve-plates. Concentrate feeds were wheat and corn at 2 different humidity levels, from each milling product were tacked 3 samples for Sieving Machine, were made averages to estimate milling module. Results show us the major influence of grain type (wheat or corn) in granularity determination, humidity of grain modify also our expected results.

Humidity meter e.g. for grain in dryers — has electrodes to measure humidity of grain flow and uses automatic regulator to maintain humidity of grain in dryer : Odess Food Ind Tech SU 1509-712; 23 September 1989

Humidity meter e.g. for grain in dryers — has electrodes to measure humidity of grain flow and uses automatic regulator to maintain humidity of grain in dryer : Odess Food Ind Tech SU 1509-712; 23 September 1989