Considered a contemporary form of slavery, human trafficking is an ancient phenomenon that is being redefined with globalization. The article offers an analysis of sexual exploitation, with a view that combines the gender perspective and human rights. The first section addresses sexual exploitation as an extreme form of gender-based violence; The context of vulnerability and the sequence of activities are described: recruitment, transfer and exploitation. Subsequently, the main human rights instruments on the problem are analyzed. The conclusions highlight the patriarchal pacts that sustain and continue this serious social scourge.