Human Teeth Bank Research Articles

BANK OF TEETH

Endodontics is the dental specialty responsible for the study of the dental pulp, the entire system of root canals and periapical tissues, as well as the diseases that affect them. for professional training. The purpose of this article was to address didactic-scientific issues regarding the use of human teeth in laboratory teaching and pre-clinical training in the discipline of Endodontics in Dentistry and to report the experience of the Faculdade de Saúde de Petrolina-SOBERANA with the Human Teeth Bank project , implemented as an academic extension project (PEA), with a multidisciplinary character, resulting from the work of the students, under the guidance of the guiding professor. Of the 10 students eligible for this research, 9 used teeth provided by BioBancoVasf, with a 90% success rate. With this, it is concluded that BioBancoVasf is of paramount importance for the university, valuing the tooth as an organ and enabling the execution of more effective practical studies.

Morphological and morphometric characteristics of labial-cervical-vertical groove in upper central incisor

The labial-cervical-vertical groove (LCVG) is a developmental dental anomaly that may be present in the maxillary central incisors (UCI) which can affect periodontal health, facilitate the occurrence cervical decay, and compromise the aesthetics of the gingival contour. A LCVG can present different magnitudes and, when severe, it can impact the prognosis of the affected tooth. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence, extent, and depth of labial-cervical-vertical groove (LCVG) in maxillary central incisors (UCI) from the Human Tooth Bank of Rio de Janeiro State University Dental School, aiming to provide a better understanding of this anomaly and thus to contribute to an accurate differential diagnosis and appropriate dental planning. Material and methods: Ninety-seven dental elements, belonging to the Human Tooth Bank of Rio de Janeiro State University Dental School, were inspected, for presence of LCVG. For analysis of this morphological alteration, the following measurements were registered in millimeters: the total length (measured from the coronal to the apical limits of the defect); its extension in the crown (measured from the defect’s coronal limit to the cementum enamel junction (CEJ)); its extension in the root (measured from the defect’s apical limit to the CEJ) and depth (measurement of the groove’s invagination toward the root canal) of LCVG in each tooth. Results: The prevalence of LCVG in our sample was 7.21%. The average measures observed for the LCVG were: 6.43 (± 1.81) mm of total of length, 2.86 (± 1.68) mm of extension in the root; 3.57 (± 0.98) mm of extension in the crown; and <1 to 1mm of depth. Conclusion: These findings contribute with knowledge on of the detail, of extent and depth of LCVG in UCI, providing the clinician with information that can favor diagnosis and maintenance of teeth with this anomaly.

Obtaining human teeth for dental education: A cross-sectional study to create ethical and transparent processes.

This study explores the practices of obtaining human teeth for teaching and research in Paraguay. The goal of this research is to understand whether the data supports the need to improve ethical training within dental education, including the creation of a human tooth bank (HTB) METHODS: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted. Three semi-structured questionnaires were developed, one for each target population: dental students, dentists in practice, and the general population. The questionnaires were distributed between February and April 2021, using Google Forms RESULTS: The main places where human teeth were obtained by a student are dental clinics, followed by cemeteries. 94% of students and 91% of dentists paid for teeth on at least one occasion. There is a willingness on the part of students and dentists to donate collections of teeth, and among the general population to donate their teeth if they are extracted, for both teaching and research use. Note that, 31% of students and 6% of the population are aware of what an HTB is, at the same time only 16% of dentists know how it functions CONCLUSION: The number of respondents who obtain teeth from cemeteries and who pay for their acquisition is high. Both of these practices raise ethical concerns. The implementation of informed consent for the donation of extracted teeth is practically nil; although there is a positive attitude towards its implementation. Also, there is a lack of knowledge about the role of an HTB; although the population expressed a willingness to donate extracted teeth.

Knowledge and Attitude of Undergraduate Students and Interns about Human Tooth Bank: A Cross-sectional Study.

IntroductionHuman tooth banks (HTBs) are philanthropic institutions that assist to alleviate academic pressure by supplying human teeth essential for preclinical laboratory activities and experimental research. The primary focus of this research was to assess the knowledge and attitude of undergraduate students and interns who have taken up dentistry as their field of study in Jazan University, Saudi Arabia, about HTB.Materials and methodsAn online structured self-explanatory questionnaire containing 16 questions was sent via email to the undergraduate students and interns. The Google e-forms questionnaire contained a consent attached for participating in this cross-sectional observational study.ResultsA good response rate of 93.3% was recorded, but the results were surprising as 66.43% of the participants did not have the slightest idea regarding the concept of a tooth bank, while only a meager 17.4% of them supported the idea of getting the teeth preauthorized from HTBs before using it on patients. A majority (80.36%) of students unanimously promoted the idea of having facilities like HTBs, but only 15.36% of students had stored teeth at a teeth bank previously.ConclusionThere is an overwhelming lack of awareness among students regarding HTBs and the legal procedures involved in procuring teeth from them. It is necessary to do all that's required to create awareness about the perks of linking HTB with various dental institutions and the legal process involved to use human teeth.How to cite this articleVishwanathaiah S, Eshaq RH, Maganur PC, et al. Knowledge and Attitude of Undergraduate Students and Interns about Human Tooth Bank: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(1):60-64.

AVALIAÇÃO DE PROTOCOLOS DE CLAREAMENTO DENTÁRIO MODIFICADOS POR FONTES LUMINOSAS

Introdução: O clareamento dental é o procedimento estético mais realizado nos consultórios odontológicos. O uso de fontes luminosas tem sido recomendado para acelerar a ação do gel de clareamento, entretanto evidências científicas são controversas no que se diz respeito a essas fontes. Objetivo: Avaliar protocolos de clareamento dentário modificados por fontes luminosas, objetivando verificar, qual a influência dessas fontes no procedimento de clareamento dentário. Metodologia: Sendo essa, uma pesquisa que utilizou material biológico, a mesma foi submetida e aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UEPB. Realizou-se a obtenção de dentes por meio de parceria com o Banco de Dentes Humanos do curso de Odontologia da UEPB Campus VIII. Posteriormente realizou-se identificação dos dentes, em seguida registro inicial da cor do dente, o preparo dos blocos dentários e seleção dos grupos. Os dentes foram submetidos a dois protocolos de clareamentos distintos. Por fim, realizada a análise estatística. Resultados: A modificação do protocolo, seja quanto o tempo de aplicação do agente clareador, seja quanto à fonte de luz utilizada, alcança resultados satisfatórios. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos. Conclusões: Tendo em vista os resultados e a discussão encontrados na pesquisa, podemos verificar que as evidências científicas nos levam a observar que não há bases suficientes que comprovem a eficácia e benefícios a curto prazo da modificação dos protocolos de clareamento dental pelas fontes luminosas.

Knowledge of Teacher and Dentistry Students of a Brazilian University about a Human Teeth Bank

Human Tooth Banks (HTB) tries to overbear academic activities by providing human teeth, which are fundamental for preclinical, clinical and experimental applications. This study, which took place at the Federal University of Ceara-UFC, considered the cognition of students and professors of Dentistry on HTB. Aim: This study aimed at the investigation of the reality and importance of this tool for the undergraduate course, research as well as for the legal acquisition of this dental organ. Methods: This is a quantitative study, that a semi-structured questionnaire was used. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program analyzed all the data, considering the reliability of 95% and using Fisher’s Exact test or the Person Chi-square test. Results: Although only 6.4% of the participants were familiarized with HTB, 99.1% considered their existence important. As for the use of human teeth, 93.5% reported having used HTB during the course, but only 41.1% requested authorization to handle. Conclusion: The knowledge of students and professors of Dentistry about HTB and its legality in obtaining this body is insufficient, although the use of human teeth and its high importance is attributed to the existence of HTB in dental schools.

Influence of a new method of sterilization on the morphology and physical properties of extracted human teeth

Abstract Introduction Sterilization methods adopted in Human Teeth Bank can promote structural changes in enamel and dentin. Thus, the ideal method should combine the antimicrobial efficacy and preservation of the substrate biomechanical properties. Aim Evaluated the morphology and physical properties of enamel and dentin of extracted human teeth, after being submitted to different sterilization methods. Method Sixteen extracted third molars were sectioned in the following tooth regions: mesio-distal, vestibular-lingual and at the cement enamel junction. Forty specimens were selected according to values of microhardness and roughness initials, and distributed in four experimental groups (n = 10/group): Group 1 = Autoclave 121 °C (30 minutes); Group 2 = 2.5% Sodium hypochlorite (07 days); Group 3 = 5.25% Sodium hypochlorite (07 days); Group 4= 30% Acetic Acid (7 days). After sterilization, the microhardness, roughness and morphology of enamel and dentin were evaluated. Data were analyzed by paired t-test, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis and Analysis of Variance. A significance level of 5% was adopted. Result All sterilization methods altered the microhardness and roughness of the dentine (p <0.05). Regarding to enamel, the microhardness was affected only by Autoclave and 2.5% Sodium hypochlorite treatment (p <0.05). A large aperture of the enamel pores and dentinal tubules was verified in the micrographs. Conclusion The sterilization methods adopted altered the morphology and/or physical properties of enamel and dentine.

Conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas sobre Banco de Dentes Humanos

Banco de dentes humanos (BDH) é uma entidade sem fins lucrativos que tem a finalidade de recepcionar, armazenar, catalogar e manter em boa conservação dentes humanos para pesquisa e treinamento laboratorial pré-clínico de estudantes. No entanto, muitos cirurgiões-dentistas desconhecem a importância do BDH. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas das Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) do município de Teresina/PI sobre condutas diversas relacionadas aos BDHs. O presente estudo é do tipo observacional com amostragem probabilística estratificada com alocação proporcional, que utilizou entrevistas. Mais da metade dos cirurgiões-dentistas afirmaram ter conhecimento da existência de BDHs no Brasil, porém 81% desconheciam a existência do BDH da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI). Todos os entrevistados foram a favor da doação e consideram o dente como um órgão, entretanto 95,2% nunca fez doação de dentes para um BDH. O lixo foi o destino mais comum após exodontias. Diante disto, foi possível concluir que não há doação de dentes humanos pelos cirurgiões-dentistas entrevistados, possivelmente, devido ao desconhecimento da existência do BDH da UFPI e suas peculiaridades.

Avaliação de métodos de manutenção da esterilidade do órgão dental humano extraído para armazenamento em banco de dentes

A importância de um banco de dentes humanos em uma instituição de se justifica e se mostra vantajosa, uma vez que permite a máxima aproximação da realidade ao se trabalhar com o órgão extraído. Este estudo teve o propósito de avaliar métodos de manutenção da esterilidade do órgão dental humano extraído armazenado. Foram utilizados 72 dentes incisivos humanos extraídos, obtidos em clínicas de graduação e de pós-graduação da Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brasil. Os elementos dentários foram cedidos pelos pacientes, por meio de termo de doação devidamente assinado. Após os procedimentos de limpeza e de desinfecção, 36 dentes foram esterilizados em autoclave e 36 foram somente limpos. Os dentes foram, então, armazenados em recipientes contendo o método (autoclavagem ou limpeza) ou a solução de escolha, por um período de 15 e 120 dias. Testes microbiológicos foram realizados a fim de determinar qual método ou solução de armazenamento promove a manutenção da esterilidade no tempo determinado. Melhores desempenhos foram observados quando as amostras foram armazenadas em Incidin Extra N®, formol e álcool, mesmo para os dentes não autoclavados. As substâncias em análise nos períodos propostos se mostraram capazes de impedir o crescimento microbiano. Este experimento poderá auxiliar o desenvolvimento de um protocolo de processamento e de administração do órgão dental humano extraído em um banco de dentes.

Teeth processing in human teeth bank – proposal of protocol

Dentistry courses conduct preclinical laboratory trainings and research using extracted human teeth. For a safe usage of those teeth, it is necessary to subject them to cleaning, disinfection and/or sterilization and proper storage to ensure they are free of biological residues. Each of these steps should be properly described in standard operating procedures (SOPs) and in the processing protocol of the Human Tooth Bank (HTB). Objective:To create a processing protocol for Human Tooth Bank based on a literature review on cleaning, disinfection and/or sterilization and storage methods for extracted human teeth. Literature review: The hand hygiene and use of personal protective equipment are essential at all stages of processing. The previous cleaning of the tooth is essential, preferably with enzymatic detergent, and complemented by ultrasonic washing machine. The water quality should be considered in cleaning, washing, dilution of the enzymatic detergent and in the ultrasonic washing machine. Due to the prohibition of immersion use of chemical solution as sterilizing agents, saturated steam under pressure is widely used. Freezing is the recommended storage method because neither it alters dental structures nor affects research results. All this information should be consider for the elaboration of the processing protocol for extracted human teeth. Each action taken requires a detailed description and must be validated by the institution. Conclusion: The adoption of a protocol with SOPs for cleaning, disinfecting and/or sterilization and storage of human teeth in HTB standardize the processing and minimize exposure to biological agents, enabling the use of the tooth under appropriate conditions for research and laboratory preclinical training.

Association of physical properties and maintenance of sterility of primary teeth in human tooth bank.

This study was carried out to evaluate the sterility and structural integrity of stored primary teeth in artificial saliva over a storage period of 12 weeks (3 months) in human tooth bank (HTB). A total of 80 freshly extracted teeth were taken and were categorized into four groups of 20 each. The samples were stored at 4°C for 12 weeks (3 months) in the refrigerator. During their storage time of 3 months, they were repetitively evaluated for their sterility, enamel hardness, calcium and phosphate solubility and color stability at regular intervals of 3 weeks. That teeth stored in artificial saliva maintained their sterility throughout the storage time of 12 weeks, but changes in their physical and chemical properties occurred with an increase in storage time. Storage time not more than 9 weeks is recommended for deciduous teeth to be stored in artificial saliva in a HTB.

Effect preparation on the hybrid layer with resin cement

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of preparation mode of dentin on the thickness and quality of hybrid layer with resin cement and an adhesive system. Methods and materials: Sixty sound human teeth extracted within six months were obtained from the Uberaba University human tooth bank under ethical approval # 27584814.2.0000.5145. The teeth were cut 2mm below the ADJ mesio-distally to expose the coronal dentin and divided into three groups (n=15). (1) The dentin surface was prepared with a fine particle diamond bur; (2) with a course particle diamond bur and (3) with multi laminated carbide bur. Composite resin blocks (Tetric Ceram, Ivoclar-Vivadent) were fabricated and cemented on the dentin surfaces with Single Bond Universal adhesive system mixed with OPC bioactivator and RelyX ARC resin cement (all from 3MESPE) and stored for 24h in distilled water at 37 ◦C. Following, the restored teeth were sectioned perpendicular to the bonding surface using a low speed saw machine to obtain sections of 1mm thickness. The section pieceswere cleaned and individually embedded in epoxy resin (Buehler) and after the resin polymerization the pieces were prepared to scanning electron microscope analysis to verify the hybrid laser. Results: The fine particle diamond bur (6.55 m) produced a thinner hybrid layer compared to the coarse diamond bur (9.18 m). The multi laminated carbide bur (7.88 m) did not differ from the diamond burs. The quality of the hybrid layer was equal to all preparation modes. Conclusion:The type of rotary instrument did influence the thickness of the hybrid layer for the resin cement studied, but did not affect the quality of it.

Surface remineralization potential of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on enamel eroded by cola-drinks: An in-situ model study.

Aim:The aim of this study was to investigate the remineralization potential of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) on enamel eroded by cola drinks.Subjects and Methods:A total of 30 healthy subjects were selected from a random sample of 1200 children and divided into two groups of 15 each wherein calcium and phosphorus analyses and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was carried out to investigate the remineralization of enamel surface. A total of 30 non-carious premolar teeth were selected from the human tooth bank (HTB) to prepare the in-situ appliance. Three enamel slabs were prepared from the same. One enamel slab was used to obtain baseline values and the other two were embedded into the upper palatal appliances prepared on the subjects’ maxillary working model. The subjects wore the appliance after which 30 ml cola drink exposure was given. After 15 days, the slabs were removed and subjected to respective analysis.Statistical Analysis Used:Means of all the readings of soluble calcium and phosphorous levels at baseline,post cola-drink exposure and post cpp-acp application were subjected to statistical analysis SPSS11.5 version. Comparison within groups and between groups was carried out using ANOVA and F-values at 1% level of significance.Results:Decrease in calcium solubility of enamel in the CPP-ACP application group as compared to post-cola drink exposure group (P < 0.05) was seen. Distinctive change in surface topography of enamel in the post-CPP-ACP application group as compared to post-cola drink exposure group was observed.Conclusion:CPP-ACP significantly promoted remineralization of enamel eroded by cola drinks as revealed by significant morphological changes seen in SEM magnification and spectrophotometric analyses.

Prevalence of enamel pearls in teeth from a human teeth bank

Enamel pearls are anatomical structures that can bring about clinical implications if associated with the retention of plaque, in turn resulting in periodontal disease. In an attempt to avoid periodontal disease, the removal and treatment of these enamel pearls, may be a necessity in some circumstances. A total of 45,785 extracted teeth from a human teeth bank were analyzed for the presence of enamel pearls. The most prevalent anatomical location of enamel pearls was the permanent maxillary first and second molar region. An association between the prevalence of enamel pearls and dental class (P < 0.001) was observed, most frequently in the maxillary molars. In the maxillary molars, the most prevalent anatomical location of enamel pearls in the first and second molars was the furcation between the distobuccal and palatal roots. Enamel pearls are a common observation in molars in general, but are most commonly found in maxillary molars.

Common, Academic and Professional Knowledge of Human Tooth Bank

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of laymen, undergraduate dental students and dentists of Human Tooth Bank (HTB). Methods: Observational study with non-probabilistic sample. One-hundred-and-fifty subjects (50 dentists, 50 undergraduate dental students and 50 laymen) were interviewed about their knowledge of donation of organs, valuing of the tooth as an organ, HTB, the use and origin of teeth used in dental schools and acceptance of biological restorations. Results: As much as 97.6% of the interviewees were favorable to organ donation, but only 48% declared themselves as organ donors. The tooth was considered an organ by 94% of the dentists, 90% of the students and 54% of the laymen. During the graduation course, 90% of the dentists and 86% of the undergraduate students confirmed the use of human teeth obtained from dental offices or cemeteries. For improvement of research and teaching purposes, 94% of the students and dentists considered important the implementation of HTBs; however, only 2% of the students, 6% of the laymen and 28% of the dentists declared being familiar with a HTB. Most of the interviewees (90%) were favorable to the donation of teeth to HTBs, but only 44% of them would accept a biological restoration, alleging “repulsion” and the existence of alternative restorative materials. Conclusion: Most interviewed individuals were favorable to tooth donation to a HTB, but ignored its existence as well as the ethical and biosecurity guidelines regulating the maintenance of private tooth collections.

Structuralization of a human teeth bank

A Human Teeth Bank (HTB) is a nonprofit institution, associated to a college, to a university or to some other institution. Its purpose is to fulfill academic needs, by supplying human teeth for research or for preclinical laboratory training of students, thus eliminating the illegal commerce of teeth that still takes place in dental schools. It is also up to an HTB to work for the elimination of cross-infection caused by indiscriminate handling of extracted teeth. In order to work properly, an HTB should have a strict control of its internal procedures, which include separation and stocking of teeth, as well as an appropriate maintaining of donors' and beneficiaries' records. In this article, we discuss the functions that an HTB can perform, and how the Human Teeth Bank, School of Dentistry, University of S o Paulo, works and organizes itself today.