Human-related Changes Research Articles

The activity of the speech therapist at the time of COVID 19: survey of the Campania region

Our government has enacted restrictive and isolation measures, also in the field of rehabilitation, to combat and contain the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. These have had a major impact on the working methods and activities performed by the Speech Therapist. The Board of Speech Therapists of the Interprovincial Order of NA-AV-BN-CE conducted an anonymous survey to observe the phenomenon. The study aimed to assess how and to what extent the health measures in place influenced occupational activities and work-related discomfort. A questionnaire was structured to investigate, anonymously, different areas of professional interest (how therapeutic activities are carried out, work-related stress management, changes in human relations, specific needs), disseminated via the web thanks to the Google platform, and available from 15/06/2020 to 15/11/2022 for all speech therapists belonging to the interprovincial order of NA-AV-BN-CE. 161 Speech Therapists, aged between 21 and 40 years (73.9 per cent), took part in the survey. They worked mainly in a combined telerehabilitation and outpatient setting (64.12 per cent), and were provided with appropriate PPE for the treatment (65.8 per cent). Speech and language therapists reported a low to medium level of frustration (63.9%) and work-related stress (63.4%) for telerehabilitation treatment, to a high level for outpatient or home treatment (69.6%). Medium to high values (81.4%) of anxiety, worry and work-related distress are reported, favoured by social isolation and a perception of less support among colleagues, with a perceived need for psychological support from specialised figures to manage the emotional burden. The results suggest a medium to high level of work-related discomfort during the pandemic period, mainly for speech therapists who performed outpatient/domiciliary activities, entailing the risk of developing psychological distress. Further research should be undertaken, with multicentre and larger sample size studies, to define the relationships between the working methods promoted, work-related stress and the need to manage it.

Upsurge of Powassan virus disease in northeastern United States: a public health concern—a short communication

Powassan virus (POWV) is a tick-borne Flavivirus primarily transmitted through ticks in North America which is a significant public health threat in the northeastern United States. POWV infection spans from Ontario to the Mid-Atlantic, Northeast, and Midwest regions in the USA. Climate change, ecological factors, and human-related changes, including shifts in migration and agriculture, contribute to the dissemination of POWV. Symptoms include sore throat, fatigue, headache, and severe neuroinvasive conditions. Specialized attention is required for diagnosing and managing. MRI scans detect central nervous system abnormalities, while neuromonitoring identifies metabolic distress. Severe cases may necessitate ICU hospitalisation with continuous monitoring. Prevention measures, such as awareness, controlling mammals, and protecting pets, reduce POWV infection risk. The recent outbreak of POWV in Maine, USA, highlights the importance of worldwide collaboration for prevention. With the global prevalence of POWV increasing due to climate and socioeconomic changes, implementing preventative measures and promoting awareness are crucial in reducing infection risk.

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Carbon Sequestration in Different Ecosystems of Iran and Its Relationship with Agricultural Droughts

The increase in environmental and human-related changes (e.g., increase in the carbon cycle flux of plants) has increased the dynamism of ecosystems. Examining fluctuations in net primary production (NPP) is very important in adopting correct strategies for ecosystem management. The current study explores the spatiotemporal variations in NPP and its association with agricultural droughts in Iran’s ecosystems over 20 years (2000–2020). Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope methods in each pixel were used to track changes in trends. Drought upsets the terrestrial carbon cycle balance. In this study, Vegetation Health Index (VHI) used to assess drought that extracted from different bands of images satellite. Then, the relationship between NPP rates and agricultural droughts was investigated through running Pearson correlation. The results demonstrated that Iran’s annual share of carbon sequestration is 1.38 kg*C/m2/year. The highest carbon sequestration rate was recorded in Caspian Hyrcanian forests. In contrast, the lowest rate was observed in the Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands in southwestern Iran. Moreover, the highest photosynthesis variations were recorded in Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands and Tigris–Euphrates alluvial salt marsh, while the lowest changes were registered in Badghyz and Karabil. In total, 34.2% of the studied pixels showed a statistically significant rising or falling trend. Sen’s slope estimator demonstrated that the sharpest negative trend in carbon sequestration belonged to Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests (−12.24 g*C/m2/year), while the sharpest positive trend was observed in Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe (12.29 g*C/m2/year). The results of the Pearson correlation revealed significant correlations between NPP and VHI in different ecosystems with coefficients ranging from −0.93 to 0.95. The largest area with a positive correlation (33.97%) belonged to the Zagros Mountains forest steppe. Identification of areas with the greatest carbon sequestration changes could result in prioritizing varied ecosystems management for carbon sequestering. It can be also utilized in environmental planning such as scaling up ecosystem values or estimating current and past ecological capacity.

The activity of the speech therapist at the time of COVID 19: survey of the Campania region

Our government has enacted restrictive and isolation measures, also in the field of rehabilitation, to combat andcontain the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. These have had a major impact on the working methods and activitiesperformed by the Speech Therapist. The Board of Speech Therapists of the Interprovincial Order of NA-AV-BN-CEconducted an anonymous survey to observe the phenomenon.The study aimed to assess how and to what extent the health measures in place influenced occupational activities andwork-related discomfort.A questionnaire was structured to investigate, anonymously, different areas of professional interest (how therapeuticactivities are carried out, work-related stress management, changes in human relations, specific needs), disseminatedvia the web thanks to the Google platform, and available from 15/06/2020 to 15/11/2022 for all speech therapistsbelonging to the interprovincial order of NA-AV-BN-CE.161 Speech Therapists, aged between 21 and 40 years (73.9 per cent), took part in the survey. They worked mainly ina combined telerehabilitation and outpatient setting (64.12 per cent), and were provided with appropriate PPE for thetreatment (65.8 per cent). Speech and language therapists reported a low to medium level of frustration (63.9%) andwork-related stress (63.4%) for telerehabilitation treatment, to a high level for outpatient or home treatment (69.6%).Medium to high values (81.4%) of anxiety, worry and work-related distress are reported, favoured by social isolationand a perception of less support among colleagues, with a perceived need for psychological support from specialisedfigures to manage the emotional burden.The results suggest a medium to high level of work-related discomfort during the pandemic period, mainly for speechtherapists who performed outpatient/domiciliary activities, entailing the risk of developing psychological distress.Further research should be undertaken, with multicentre and larger sample size studies, to define the relationshipsbetween the working methods promoted, work-related stress and the need to manage it.

HUBUNGAN MANUSIA DAN SUNGAI BENGAWAN SOLO SEBAGAI SUMBER INSPIRASI PENCIPTAAN KARYA SENI GRAFIS

The creation of this final project is based on knowledge about changes in human relations with rivers, especially the Bengawan Solo river, whose impact can now be felt by living things that live around the Bengawan Solo River and its tributaries. The purpose of this Final Project is to create a silk screen work that takes inspiration from changes in human relations and the Bengawan Solo river, which indirectly explains the concept of creation, the process of creation, and the aesthetics of the shape of the created silk screen work. The creation of this Final Project provides more insight into the tools, materials, and techniques of working on work. The results obtained from the creation of this Final Project are silkscreen and the deepening of the concept of changing human relations and the Bengawan Solo river, which is expected to be useful for writers and other people who appreciate the works of this Final Project.

The role of social media in raising the awareness of youth about the popular movement A survey study of a sample of university students in Iraq

The digital environment has brought a lot of changes to the lives of societies and affected and changed their cultures, lifestyles, ways of thinking and interaction with the environment. The digital environment, with its rapid developments, has produced new ideas and behaviors on societies in general and Arab society was not far from these currents, after more than fifteen A year since the Internet entered Iraq, which is one of the most important manifestations of democracy, the latest radical changes in human relations. The information acquired by the human being today is one of the Internet and its culture dependent on it, and here began the study questionably head of that: What is the role of social networking sites in promoting young people's awareness of the importance of the popular movement? The research aims through adopting the survey method (Public Opinion Survey) to identify the most important political, economic and social dimensions of youth awareness that the Internet has brought to them by enhancing information and increasing confidence in the importance of change and persistence on the principle and the research sample is from university students and they are the motors of mobility in the Arab countries Study (Iraq )

Zwierzęta towarzyszące człowiekowi ery cyfrowej

The paper deals with changes in human relations with other people and with animals caused by digital transformation. The authors question the socio-cultural value of observed changes in the perspective of critical sociology. Based on their own observations, using the achievements of leading representatives of sociology and philosophy, they present the negative consequences of digital transformation, which are reflected in conditio humana. The paper aims to answer the question whether the ongoing technological progress and the global direction of change constitute the right model for the future.

Maternidad subrogada y su impacto en el tema de la infertilidad

<p>La complejidad de la cultura ha propiciado diversas modificaciones en las relaciones humanas, las cuales conducen a la formación de diferentes tipos de familias. Los problemas de la reproducción humana se han convertido en un reto para la salud pública y para el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas enfocadas a resolverlos. La fertilización <em>in vitro</em> mediante inyección intracitoplasmática de espermatozoides (fiv icsi) es una técnica de reproducción asistida que se usa en la maternidad subrogada; ésta consiste en solicitar una madre portadora, quien no tendrá derechos de crianza y cuyo papel está circunscrito al desarrollo del nuevo ser intrauterino. Este proceso provee la oportunidad de ser padres a parejas o personas que no han logrado un embarazo exitoso. En el presente escrito, se abordan aspectos históricos de la maternidad subrogada, la epidemiología de los principales problemas reproductivos, la normatividad legal, así como consideraciones éticas que conlleva este proceso.</p>

Sedimentary biogeochemical record in Lake Gonghai: Implications for recent lake changes in relatively remote areas of China

Owing to rapid socio-economic development and climate warming, lakes even in remote areas have experienced marked changes in the last century. However, there are few studies revealing the multi-faceted biogeochemical changes and disentangling impacts of human and climate in relatively remote lakes in China. In this study we reconstructed historical changes of geochemistry, nutrition, primary production, ecology, and pollution in an alpine lake (Gonghai) in central North China, and revealed coherent changes and drivers in relatively remote Chinese lakes by compiling other records. Results show that Lake Gonghai has experienced considerably biogeochemical changes since the 1980s induced mainly by increased regional human activities, with detected human-related changes occurring in the 1950s–70s. The most important change is a shift of diatom primary producers in the 1980s, caused mainly by an increase of regional atmospheric N and P deposition associated with rapid socio-economic development. Another remarkable change is the increase of pollution levels since the 1980s, represented by heavy metals, also caused by atmospheric deposition. Compiled sediment records demonstrate similar biogeochemical changes in most lakes from relatively remote areas of China since the 1970s–80s, associated closely with increased inputs of human-induced atmospheric N, P and pollutants, whereas the influence of climate warming is likely limited. This study highlights markedly human-related biogeochemical changes in relatively remote Chinese lakes during the Anthropocene epoch.

Variation in the phylogenetic diversity of wild bees at produce farms and prairies

Declines in pollinators, particularly wild bees, along with rising demands for their services has intensified efforts to examine bee communities in different types of habitats. In this study we use a phylogenetic approach to compare and contrast bee communities associated with six small produce farms, eight large prairies, and five naturally small hill prairies in Iowa. We compare the mean phylogenetic distance (MPD) and the mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD) of bees in each community to expected mean MPD and MNTD values generated from 1000 random permutations of a tree composed of 144 species found across all sites. Standardized effect size scores for MPD using presence-absence data showed significant clustering of bee communities at five of six farms and two of the five hill prairies. Clustering at the farms and hill prairies was due primarily to the significantly lower number of species in the Andrenidae (0–5 species per site), especially species of Andrena, as well as significantly greater number of species in the Halictidae (9–22 species/site), particularly Lasioglossum (Dialictus). Lack of Andrenidae spp. may be related to a lack of appropriate floral resources, indicating that enriched prairie plantings for pollinators at farms could enhance the abundance of Andrena species and hence pollinator services at these sites. The higher richness of the ground-nesting Lasioglossum likely results from soil disturbance regimes at produce farms and the naturally shallow, rocky soil with exposed surface at hill prairies, respectively. Analyses of MNTD using either abundance weighted or presence-absence data and analyses of MPD using abundance data did not indicate consistent differences between the three site types, but do point to important differences between sites in phylogenetic composition of bee communities. Our results show that phylogenetic analyses of wild bee community diversity may be a useful tool for measuring how bee communities differ in composition as a result of natural variation and human-related changes in landscapes.

“If You Got a Forest, You Got Gold.” The Joys and Woes of Forest Use in Gyimes (Eastern Carpathians, Romania)

All over the world, rural communities developed mainly stable and sustainable, traditional (extensive) land use systems to manage natural resources. Resource management and related traditional ecological knowledge based on understanding of the functioning of the ecosystem help local communities to maintain important resources, like forests. Forest plays an important socio-economic role in the life of rural communities. Wood is one of the most elemental raw materials used in households, but its non-timber benefits play just as important a role. We examined sustainable use of forests in a Csángó community in Gyimes region (Eastern Carpathians, Romania), providing insights into attitudes within folk forestry towards natural resources, driving forces, and changes in human relations with the forest. Wood as a raw material is a resource that largely determines the daily life of the Csángó community, while non-timber products (e.g., forest grazing, forest fruits, herbs) play a complementary, yet important role in Gyimes life. The survey of forest flora and vegetation confirms that Gyimes farmers are familiar with the plant species that reach significant coverage in the canopy, shrub and herbaceous layers, they are well versed in the forest types occurring in the landscape, their dynamics, their most characteristic stages in the succession after felling. Overuse is an undisputed and acknowledged part of the forest-management, threatens social-ecological system-flexibility. As long as natural systems are able to renew themselves (forests can regenerate), there is chance for the further use of this important resource and in a broader context there is chance for the survival of the local community as well.

Effects of practicing in remote Japanese islands on physicians' control of negative emotions: A qualitative study.

Objective: To explore how rural physicians practicing in the remote islands of Okinawa, Japan experience and manage their negative emotions.Materials and Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with doctors who had worked in a clinic on a remote island in Okinawa prefecture for 2 years. The interviews were conducted using an Internet video conferencing system, and were recorded and transcribed. The transcribed data were then analyzed using the Steps Coding and Theorization method as a framework.Results: All four participants were male. The mean interview time was 61 minutes. In the category of induction of negative emotions, we extracted five themes: differences in recognition between rural physicians and patients, invasion of professionalism, suppression by one’s role as a rural physician, discordance with multiple occupations, and relationships with unfamiliar hospital physicians. In the category of controlling negative emotions, we also extracted five themes: time flow, reflection, acceptance of islanders’ characteristics, and growth through their role.Conclusion: Rural physicians in the remote islands of Okinawa experienced negative emotions in relation to patients, other islanders, and medical staff. They deepened their understanding of the islanders, including the cultural background, over time and through discussion and reflection with other medical professionals. In this way, they realized their potential for growth and how to control negative emotions. Thus, rural physicians may be able to effectively control their negative emotions through recognizing temporal changes in human relations and their own adaptation to the remote island life.

Fish species introductions provide novel insights into the patterns and drivers of phylogenetic structure in freshwaters.

Despite long-standing interest of terrestrial ecologists, freshwater ecosystems are a fertile, yet unappreciated, testing ground for applying community phylogenetics to uncover mechanisms of species assembly. We quantify phylogenetic clustering and overdispersion of native and non-native fishes of a large river basin in the American Southwest to test for the mechanisms (environmental filtering versus competitive exclusion) and spatial scales influencing community structure. Contrary to expectations, non-native species were phylogenetically clustered and related to natural environmental conditions, whereas native species were not phylogenetically structured, likely reflecting human-related changes to the basin. The species that are most invasive (in terms of ecological impacts) tended to be the most phylogenetically divergent from natives across watersheds, but not within watersheds, supporting the hypothesis that Darwin's naturalization conundrum is driven by the spatial scale. Phylogenetic distinctiveness may facilitate non-native establishment at regional scales, but environmental filtering restricts local membership to closely related species with physiological tolerances for current environments. By contrast, native species may have been phylogenetically clustered in historical times, but species loss from contemporary populations by anthropogenic activities has likely shaped the phylogenetic signal. Our study implies that fundamental mechanisms of community assembly have changed, with fundamental consequences for the biogeography of both native and non-native species.

Historical baselines from dead marine molluscs reveal natural and human-related changes in benthic fauna

Historical baselines from dead marine molluscs reveal natural and human-related changes in benthic fauna

Frédéric Ozanam et la mort

Death is very present in the life of Frédéric Ozanam in the triple formof a subject of religious, philosophical and literary reflection, the experience of mourning, and the death of close friends, as well as the anticipation of one’s own death. The latter was a perspective that his own death at the age of forty following a long illness had given him the time painfully to confront. Beyond the personal history of Ozanam himself, the ambition of the article is examine how, and to what extent, he can be considered as a ‘good’ witness to the changes in human relations to death and the dead during the first half of the 19th cedntury, and in particular to the onset of the ‘romantic death’, as presented by Philippe Ariès in his classic work, L’homme devant la mort (1977).

Amazonian species within the Cerrado savanna: new records and potential distribution for Aglae caerulea (Apidae: Euglossini)

Given human-related changes, quality distributional data are required for consistent conservation. Still, the lack of proper biogeographic information is a major setback for many groups. Here, we use new occurrences for Aglae caerulea in the Cerrado to model its potential distribution. We used Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) and Genetic Algorithm for Rule-Set Production (GARP) algorithms in different modeling runs and both previous and new A. caerulea occurrences to predict this species distribution. Models which used only the previous A. caerulea’s records did not predicted the new Cerrado records, while those where we used the latter did predict the new ones as minimally suitable. A. caerulea distribution significantly increased towards the Cerrado according to both MaxEnt and GARP algorithms. Gallery forests are important dispersal alternatives for several species dwelling the Amazon and the Atlantic forest. Niche models of other rare Euglossini bees are advised to better evaluate their distributions.

Bengal’s Southern Frontier, 1757 to 1948

The forests of the Sundarbans, located in the southernmost parts of West Bengal in India and south-western Bangladesh, remain synonymous with the Royal Bengal Tiger and, to some extent, the mangrove forests unique to South Asia. The principal strands in the story of the region centre around the contest between the tiger and the forest dweller—in other words, the conflict between and co-existence of man and nature. This struggle took the form of reclamation and of putting the forests to the plough. Down the ages there have been several efforts to reclaim forests and set up human habitation in this region. Before the advent of British rule in India most were individual efforts. Those made during British rule were largely successful in bringing in people of various origins into the region. Despite the slow pace of development compared to the rest of Bengal, the face of the Sundarbans then changed forever. Changes in settlement patterns and the stratification of society led to changes in human relations. The region suffered denudation and deforestation. In fact, ultimately as social stratification increased and exploitation intensified, tensions exploded in the form of the Tebhaga movement (1946).

Questioning the Rise of Gelatinous Zooplankton in the World's Oceans

During the past several decades, high numbers of gelatinous zooplankton species have been reported in many estuarine and coastal ecosystems. Coupled with media-driven public perception, a paradigm has evolved in which the global ocean ecosystems are thought to be heading toward being dominated by “nuisance” jellyfish. We question this current paradigm by presenting a broad overview of gelatinous zooplankton in a historical context to develop the hypothesis that population changes reflect the human-mediated alteration of global ocean ecosystems. To this end, we synthesize information related to the evolutionary context of contemporary gelatinous zooplankton blooms, the human frame of reference for changes in gelatinous zooplankton populations, and whether sufficient data are available to have established the paradigm. We conclude that the current paradigm in which it is believed that there has been a global increase in gelatinous zooplankton is unsubstantiated, and we develop a strategy for addressing the critical questions about long-term, human-related changes in the sea as they relate to gelatinous zooplankton blooms.

Biological diversity in a changing world

From the pioneering explorations of Joseph Banks (later a President of the Royal Society), to the present day, a great deal has been learnt about the extent, distribution and stability of biological diversity in the world. We now know that diverse life can be found even in the most inhospitable places. We have also learned that biological diversity changes through time over both large and small temporal scales. These natural changes track environmental conditions, and reflect ecological and evolutionary processes. However, anthropogenic activities, including overexploitation, habitat loss and climate change, are currently causing profound transformations in ecosystems and unprecedented loss of biological diversity. This series of papers considers temporal variation in biological diversity, examines the extent of human-related change relative to underlying natural change and builds on these insights to develop tools and policies to help guide us towards a sustainable future.

Predicting diatom reference communities at the French hydrosystem scale: A first step towards the definition of the good ecological status

Distinguishing natural variations from human related changes becomes crucial in assessment, maintenance and restoration of aquatic ecosystems. The present work aims to focus on variation in the biogeographical frame of diatom assemblages in natural or near-natural conditions. First, 233 diatom samples collected from clean to less disturbed sites of the French hydrographic network were classified based on similarities of community assemblages using a self-organizing map. The results showed five different community types, corresponding to specific environmental conditions and made sense with the existing French hydro-ecoregions. Second, the community types were predicted with a set of environmental variables through a multilayer perceptron (MLP) with a backpropagation learning algorithm. The predictability was further compared with a discriminant function analysis and a regression tree. The best results were obtained with MLP. The relative importance of environmental variables to predict diatom community types was additionally evaluated through a sensitivity analysis of MLP. In each French hydro-ecoregion it was possible to predict how the community should be like out of anthropogenic pressure. According to the Water Framework Directive requirements in Europe, this work gives idea of the diatom assemblage representative of the good ecological status, taking into account ecoregional particularities of natural environment.