Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Rates Research Articles

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in Japan.

To review the status of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in Japan from inception to the present, focusing on past and current challenges. Published articles and website content related to HPV vaccination were reviewed. The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare suspended proactive recommendations for HPV vaccination in June 2013 following repeated media reports of girls experiencing adverse events, including chronic pain and walking disturbances, after receiving the HPV vaccine. Despite later recognition of these symptoms as a functional somatic syndrome, HPV vaccine coverage of target girls aged 12 to 16 years in the National Immunization Program (NIP) rapidly decreased to near zero. This suspension of the proactive HPV vaccination recommendation ceased in fiscal year (f-year) 2022, initiating a 3-year catch-up free HPV vaccination period from April 2022 to March 2025 for women born from f-years 1997 to 2005. These drastic changes were driven by established evidence of the effectiveness and safety of HPV vaccines reported from both Japan and other countries, and a nine-valent HPV vaccine has been included in the NIP since f-year 2023. However, the estimated HPV vaccination rate in the NIP remains low at ≤30%. To regain high coverage of HPV vaccination in Japan, it is essential that government, industry, and academic society work together to raise awareness and educate Japanese people about cervical cancer prevention and HPV-related diseases.

A transversal cross-sectional study of factors related to HPV vaccination status and cancer screening participation among French women aged 25–40

BackgroundIn 2020, uterine cervical cancer (UCC) was the 12th most common cancer among women in France and the 4th worldwide. French health authorities wanted to increase Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination and screening rates. There were still many barriers to these measures among young women, their families, and health professionals and teachers. Between 2014 and 2019, international studies found inconsistent effects of HPV vaccination on UCC screening. In 2022, a survey was conducted among women aged 25 to 40 in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region to assess participation 1) in HPV vaccination and its barriers, 2) in UCC screening as a function of HPV vaccination status.MethodsData were collected using an anonymous online questionnaire distributed by QR code in 80 general practices randomly selected in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region between January and June 2022. Results were analyzed bivariately using the Chi2 test, multivariately when numbers allowed, and in age subgroups (sensitivity analysis).Results407 complete questionnaires (for 602 participating women) were analyzed. In our sample, 41% of women aged 25 to 40 in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region were vaccinated against HPV viruses in 2022. The risk factors for non-vaccination, after multivariable adjustment, were: the periods of eligibility for vaccination in the early days of French vaccination (2007–2012: odds ratio OR = 0.04 [95% CI, 0.02–0.09]; 2012–2017: OR = 0.5 [0.3–0.8]), information received from non-medical sources (OR = 0.3 [0.2–0.6]), and absence of information about vaccination (OR = 0.12 [0.05–0.27]). In our sample, 90% of women were screened for UCC. In bivariate analysis, women at risk of not being screened were those who were youngest, had been vaccinated against HPV, were not heterosexual, lived alone, had gynecological follow-up by their general practitioner, and did not have regular gynecological follow-up. Sensitivity analysis showed that the only risk factor significantly correlated with non-screening regardless of age group was lack of regular gynecological follow-up.ConclusionsParticipation in HPV vaccination and UCC screening is improved by medical education and gynecological follow-up. This multicenter study, limited by the relative youth of vaccination in France, should be repeated after 2037 to assess the possible effect of vaccination on screening.

A multilevel intervention to promote HPV vaccination among young adults in Texas: protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infections can cause cancers of the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, anus, and oropharynx. The most recently approved HPV vaccine, Gardasil-9, protects against HPV infection and can prevent HPV-associated invasive cancers. However, Gardasil-9 is one of the most underused vaccines in the US today. Young adults are at risk for HPV infection, but many are not vaccinated. This study uses a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test an innovative multilevel intervention to increase HPV vaccination rates among young adults. In this paper, we describe the research protocol.MethodsThe study uses a two by three factorial design. A total of 1200 young adults in Texas, age 18–26 years, who have not been previously fully vaccinated against HPV will be randomly assigned to one of six conditions to receive: (1) standard CDC information about HPV vaccination (control); (2) video narratives about HPV vaccination; (3) written narratives about HPV vaccination; or (4–6) enhanced access to HPV vaccine combined with (4) standard CDC information, (5) video narratives, or (6) written narratives. The two primary outcomes are the rate of HPV vaccination initiation by 3-month follow-up and rate of HPV vaccination completion by 9-month follow-ups. We will determine the impact of the individual level intervention (i.e., persuasive narratives through video or written format), the systemic level intervention (i.e., enhanced access to HPV vaccines), and the combination of both levels, on HPV vaccination initiation and completion. We will also use purposive sampling to select participants to take part in semi-structured interviews/focus groups to better understand the mechanisms of the intervention.DiscussionRecruitment and data collection began in March 2022. We expect to complete data collection by March 2026. We expect that narratives, enhanced access, and the combination of both will improve HPV vaccination initiation and completion rates among young adults. If proven successful, these individual- and system-level interventions can be easily disseminated in regions with low HPV vaccination rates to improve HPV vaccination, and ultimately decrease HPV-related cancer burden.Trial RegistrationNCT05057312.

Clinician Communication Training to Increase Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Uptake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The battle against Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers is hindered by suboptimal vaccination rates, despite the proven efficacy and availability of vaccines. This systematic review and meta-analysis addressed this issue by evaluating the impact of clinician communication training on increasing HPV vaccination uptake among adolescents. From an initial pool of 3213 records, six randomized controlled trials involving 245,195 participants across the United States were rigorously selected and analyzed. Our findings indicated that clinician communication training could enhance vaccination uptake rates by an average of 5.2%. Specifically, presumptive communication strategies, which proactively assume a patient's acceptance of vaccination, achieved a significant 9.1% increase in uptake, markedly outperforming the 2.3% increase observed with more passive conversational techniques. Moreover, interventions that incorporated audit and feedback processes were particularly impactful, boosting vaccination rates by 9.4%. The most striking results emerged from combining presumptive communication with audit and feedback, which propelled the effectiveness to an 11.4% increase in vaccination rates. These outcomes highlight the pivotal role of deliberate, targeted clinician-patient communication in improving health interventions. This study offers actionable insights for healthcare providers and policymakers to refine communication strategies, thus potentially maximizing HPV vaccination rates and mitigating the spread of HPV-related conditions.

Trends in human papilloma virus vaccination uptake by sex and race/ethnicity among US adolescents and young adults, 2011-2020.

10519 Background: High-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) are associated with a variety of oral and anogenital cancers, many of which are preventable through HPV vaccination. In the US, completion of an HPV vaccination series is recommended for all individuals from age 9 through 26; however, national trends in HPV vaccination uptake across sex and racial/ethnic groups over the past decade are not well described. Methods: We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey across 4 survey cycles spanning January 2011 to March 2020. We used univariate logistic regression to evaluate temporal trends in HPV vaccination uptake across sex and racial/ethnic strata, with the midpoint of each survey cycle modeled as a continuous independent variable. Vaccination uptake was defined as self/parent-reported receipt of ≥ 1 dose of an HPV vaccine series (estimates for 2 and 3 doses were unreliable due to recall bias and missing data). All estimates incorporated appropriate survey weights to be representative of the US population. Results: We identified 10,927 participants representing 70,066,252 individuals: mean age 17.4 years, 48.8% male, 54.9% White. Between 2011-March 2020, overall HPV vaccination uptake steadily increased from 23.3% to 43.0% ( P trend < 0.001; Table). HPV vaccination rates improved from 37.7% to 49.4% among females ( P trend < 0.001) and from 7.8% to 36.4% among males ( P trend < 0.001). HPV vaccination uptake increased similarly across all racial/ethnic strata by approximately 20%, with White individuals achieving the greatest vaccination uptake (45.5%) by March 2020. Conclusions: Among US adolescents and young adults, HPV vaccination uptake rose by ~20% overall and across all racial/ethnic groups. HPV vaccination uptake accelerated the most among males but still lags behind females, perhaps because routine vaccination wasn’t recommended for males until 2011, 5 years after it had been recommended for females. [Table: see text]

Exploring the Correlation Between Health Literacy and Knowledge of Cervical Cancer and Radiotherapy Among Japanese Women: A Web-Based Survey.

Health literacy (HL) plays a vital role in an individual's ability to make informed health decisions. Japan faces several challenges in cervical cancer control, including low human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and screening rates, underutilization of radiotherapy, and limited HL. This study explored the association between HL and knowledge of cervical cancer and radiotherapy, particularly among young Japanese women. We conducted a web-based survey among users of LunaLuna, a popular women's healthcare application, to assess their HL and knowledge about cervical cancer and radiotherapy through a 46-question survey. We compared three groups in terms of HL (inadequate, problematic, and sufficient & excellent). Multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with knowledge. In total, 1468 respondents were included in this study. HL was positively correlated with knowledge scores (inadequate: 51.8%; problematic: 56.3%; sufficient & excellent: 60%). Participants displayed relatively low accuracy for treatment-related questions. Higher HL (β = 0.15, p < 0.01), education (β = - 0.11, p < 0.01), cervical cancer screening (β = - 0.11, p < 0.01), income (β = 0.09, p < 0.01), and employment (β = - 0.06, p = 0.04) were significant factors affecting knowledge of cervical cancer and radiotherapy. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of HL in promoting cervical cancer prevention and providing a better understanding of radiotherapy. Despite factors such as age, education, and history of cervical cancer screening, HL showed the strongest association with knowledge of cervical cancer and radiotherapy. The enhancement of HL and knowledge dissemination may be critical for promoting cervical cancer prevention and radiotherapy in Japan.

#1590 Human papilloma virus vaccination rates in kidney transplant recipients

Abstract Background and Aims Kidney transplant recipients are predisposed to chronic infections and malignancies because they receive chronic immunosuppressive therapy. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. HPV is a significant cause of cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, anal, and head and neck cancers in kidney transplant recipients. HPV vaccine prophylaxis has an important role in preventing HPV-related diseases in renal transplant patients, with a 70-100% rate. Vaccine prophylaxis is recommended before or after kidney transplantation. In our country, HPV vaccination in kidney transplant recipients seems to be a neglected issue. We first determined the HPV vaccination level of the transplant recipients we follow. We compared it with the current guidelines. We aimed to evaluate the adequacy of pretransplant and/or post-transplant vaccinations. Method Our study is a cross-sectional survey study. Between March 15 and April 15, 2023, 170 patients who applied to Ankara City Hospital Kidney Transplant outpatient clinic were included in our study. The questionnaire form structured by the researchers was applied to the patients by face-to-face interviews. The questionnaire consisted of questions about the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients, their level of knowledge about human papillomavirus vaccines and their vaccination rates. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22, with statistical significance set at p &amp;lt; 0.05. Results 170 patients participated in our study. Participants were between the ages of 18-43 years. 51.8% were male and 48.2% were female. 72.9% were married and 27.1% were single. 78.8% of the patients had an income below 9,000 TL. 34.7% had high school education or higher. The most common reason for transplantation was hypertension with 30.5%. 75.9% of the patients stated that they did not know the necessity of HPV vaccine. Again, 80% of the patients stated that they did not receive information about HPV vaccine before or after transplantation. Among these, 130 patients did not want to get vaccinated, with 79 of them mentioning the cost as the reason for not getting vaccinated. Only 4.1% of the patients had received HPV vaccination before or after transplantation. More than half of those who were vaccinated (57.1%) reported having received the quadrivalent vaccine and had received two doses. It was found that the mean age of patients who received HPV vaccine (32.0 ± 6.83) was statistically significantly younger than the mean age of those who did not (47.3 ± 12.69) (p = 0.034). Those with an education level of high school and above received HPV vaccination at a significantly higher rate than those with a lower education level (p = 0.037). Similarly, in the question about the necessity of HPV vaccination and in the question about whether they received information about HPV vaccines, the rate of those with high school and above education level (32.3%) who answered yes to the question was statistically significantly higher than those with secondary school education level (13.5%) (p = 0.004). Conclusion Our study found that both male and female kidney transplant recipients lacked sufficient knowledge about HPV and HPV vaccines, with very low vaccination rates. We believe that the vaccine's age-specific administration in two or three doses, its high cost, and the necessity of payment have negatively affected HPV vaccination rates. HPV, causes various infections and cancers, making it crucial to raise awareness about HPV vaccines. Especially primary health care services should be used more effectively, education programs should be organized and individuals should be directed to vaccination.

Effect of an HPV Vaccination Multi-Level, Multi-Component Program on HPV Vaccination Initiation and Completion in a Pediatric Clinic Network.

Despite clear evidence of the public health benefits of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in preventing HPV-related cancers and genital warts, underutilization of HPV vaccination in the United States persists. Interventions targeting multi-level determinants of vaccination behavior are crucial for improving HPV vaccination rates. The study's purpose was to implement and evaluate the adapted Adolescent Vaccination Program (AVP), a clinic-based, multi-level, multi-component intervention aimed at increasing HPV vaccine initiation and completion rates in a five-clinic pediatric network in Bexar County, Texas. The adaptation process was guided by established frameworks and involved formative work with clinic stakeholders. The study utilized a quasi-experimental single group pre- and post- study design, with an external comparison data using the National Immunization Survey-Teen (NIS-Teen) datasets for the same time period to examine the AVP's effect on HPV vaccination initiation and completion. A series of interrupted time series analyses (ITSA) compared the clinic system patient outcomes (HPV vaccination initiation and completion rates) in the post-intervention to the general adolescent population (NIS-Teen). Of the 6438 patients (11-17 years) with clinic visits during the 3-year study period, HPV vaccination initiation rates increased from 64.7% to 80.2% (p < 0.05) and completion rates increased from 43.2% to 60.2% (p < 0.05). The AVP was effective across various demographic and economic subgroups, demonstrating its generalizability. ITSA findings indicated the AVP improved HPV vaccination initiation and completion rates in clinic settings and that AVP strategies facilitated resilience during the pandemic. The minimal adaptation required for implementation in a new clinic system underscores its feasibility and potential for widespread adoption.

Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Hesitancy, Screening Disparities, and Associated Factors Among Sexual and Gender Minority Women: A Systematic Review of Global Literature [ID 2683547

INTRODUCTION: Human papillomavirus (HPV) ranks as the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection globally, with a significant association with cervical cancer in cervix-having individuals. Understanding the epidemiological patterns of HPV vaccination rates and behaviors within the context of sexual and gender minority (SGM) women is essential in identifying factors hindering the initiation of HPV vaccination and screening. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted by searching five databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Sciences, MedLine). Eligibility criteria included the following: reported HPV vaccination or screening outcomes, conducted among SGM women, data collected since 2010. All studies were independently screened and synthesized following PRISMA guidelines. Of 44 items, 13 studies met the criteria. RESULTS: Sexual and gender minority women reported substantial HPV vaccine hesitancy and decreased screening practices compared to their non-SGM peers, with the degree of vaccine hesitancy and delayed screening varying among bisexual, lesbian, and transgender individuals. Individual factors associated with HPV vaccine hesitancy and decreased screening include socioeconomic status, vaccination awareness, and SGM identity. Meanwhile, interpersonal and structural factors include community biases, family support, lack of provider LGBTQ+ health education, and structural racism. CONCLUSION: Sexual and gender minority women experience a substantial health care disparity surrounding HPV vaccination hesitancy and screening status. Results from this study substantiate the need for the standardization of health care practice, individual patient vaccine counseling, and the expansion of sexual and gender minority health training at all tiers of medical education. Furthermore, additional disaggregated research is needed to understand the unique health circumstances of bisexual, lesbian, and transgender individuals, as the current research landscape fails to capture the community’s health needs.

HPV Multilevel Intervention Strategies Targeting Immunization in Community Settings (HPV MISTICS): Study protocol for a hybrid 1 stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial

BackgroundThis protocol paper describes the overall design for HPV MISTICS, a multilevel intervention to increase human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination initiation and completion rates among adolescents aged 11–17. MethodsWe will conduct a hybrid type 1 implementation-effectiveness trial using a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial in eight federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) in Florida. Intervention components target three levels: system, providers, and parents. Outcomes will be assessed using quantitative (e.g., vaccination data, survey data) and qualitative methods (e.g., staff and parent interviews). We expect to quantify changes in HPV vaccine series initiation and completion rates for adolescents ages 11–17 in the eight FQHCs. We have hypothesized a 20-percentage point increase in HPV vaccine series initiation and a 10-percentage point increase in series completion. We also anticipate being able to explore factors at the system, provider, and patient levels as potential covariates. Implementation outcomes, barriers, and facilitators identified in the study will help characterize the implementation process and inform potential future intervention scale-up. ResultsThe project is ongoing; effectiveness and implementation outcomes will be determined following project completion. ConclusionsFindings will provide evidence of an equity-informed research design and implementation procedures that could help improve HPV vaccination rates in similar health systems.Clinical trials identifier:NCT05677360 (date registered: 2022-12-22); https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05677360?lead=Moffitt%20Cancer%20Center%20&aggFilters=status:rec&page=2&rank=17

Missed opportunities for human papillomavirus vaccination using Iowa's Immunization Registry Information System.

Adolescent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates continue to remain lower than other adolescent vaccines, both nationwide and in Iowa. This study examined predictors of missed opportunities for first-dose HPV vaccine administrations in Iowa in order to conduct more targeted outreach and improve adolescent HPV vaccine uptake. A retrospective study was conducted to identify predictors of missed opportunities for first-dose HPV vaccination in Iowa adolescents using Iowa's Immunization Registry Information System. The study population included 154,905 adolescents aged 11-15 years between 2019 and 2022. Missed opportunity for first-dose HPV vaccination was defined as a vaccination encounter where an adolescent received a Tdap and/or MenACWY vaccine but did not receive the first-dose HPV vaccine during the same encounter. Over a third of the study population experienced a missed opportunity for HPV vaccination between 2019 and 2022. Missed opportunity for vaccination was most common among individuals living in a rural county (aOR = 1.36), underinsured adolescents (aOR = 1.74), males (aOR = 1.12), teens 13-15 years of age (aOR = 1.76), and White race and non-Hispanic ethnicity. This study builds on previously reported predictors of missed opportunity for HPV vaccination in adolescents. Increased understanding of provider needs and barriers to administering HPV vaccination and further analysis of how the Vaccines for Children Program can play a role in HPV vaccination uptake is necessary to improve HPV vaccination rates among adolescents in Iowa and more specifically in rural communities.

Acceptance, Hesitancy, and Refusal Among Parents of Young Girls in Relation to Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: A Study From the Mohammed VI University Hospital Center in Oujda, Morocco.

Morocco has joined the global efforts to eliminate cervical cancer by introducing human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination into its national immunization program. However, vaccination rates remain insufficient relative to the importance of the vaccine. Therefore, the objective of the study was to understand better the factors associated with acceptance, hesitance, or refusal of the HPV vaccine. A descriptive and analytical study was conducted among 450 parents of girls of HPV vaccination age at the Mohammed VI University Hospital Center in Oujda, Morocco, over a period of three months. A total of 450 parents were included in the study, most of them being mothers. Most parents were unaware of HPV infection (66%) or the HPV vaccine (62%). The rate of HPV vaccination among the study population was only 33%. Factors associated with nonvaccination included a lack of information about the HPV vaccine (57%), concern about side effects (33%), and unvaccinated family and friends (10%). Parents' intention to vaccinate their daughters was significantly lower in fathers (95% confidence interval, or 95% CI = 0.34-0.66), those with a low educational level (odds ratio, or OR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.40-0.80), and those with an unfavorable socioeconomic level (OR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.30-0.56), whereas it was significantly higher in cases of a vaccinated entourage, including friends and family (OR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.22-2.12), and when vaccination was recommended by a doctor (OR = 1.92; 95% CI = 1.56-2.39). The results of our study highlighted parents' lack of information about HPV infection and the HPV vaccine. They also revealed a clear lack of HPV vaccination coverage and identified the reasons for reluctance to vaccinate against HPV. Much remains to be done to increase the rate of HPV vaccination in Morocco.

Moving the Needle: A Qualitative Exploration of the School Nurses' Experience with Virginia's Human Papillomavirus Mandate.

In all US localities, students provide proof of compliance with vaccination requirements to attend school. Despite benefits, vaccine legislation remains contentious. The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is recommended for adolescents and prevents cancer, but its inclusion in school immunization requirements is challenged. Virginia was the first state to mandate HPV vaccination. HPV is the only required vaccine in VA that allows caregivers to elect out. School nurses are trusted members of communities and enforce vaccine compliance. This study aims to understand Virginia school nurses' practice in implementing the HPV vaccine mandate through the exploration of their subjective experiences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. Thematic analysis using the socioecological model guided data analysis. Factors that influence nursing practice were identified at all socioecological model levels The data from this study is intended to provide an understanding of school nursing practice so that interventions to improve HPV vaccination rates can be developed.

Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Rates in Patients Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) have a strong association with one another, including the development of HPV-related neoplasms. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends routine HPV vaccination in persons aged 9-26, and consideration can be made to vaccinate up to age 45 based on provider discretion. This study aimed to look at the rate of HPV vaccination in adult HIV-positive patients. This was a retrospective study looking at 71 current patients of an HIV clinic at Hackensack University Health. The entire clinic patient list was included. Exclusion criteria were anyone under age 18. Chart review and calls to the patient's pharmacy were done to record the patient's HPV vaccination history. From there, the number of patients eligible to receive the HPV vaccine was calculated based on routine schedule as well as increasing the eligible age up to 44. Only three patients had a history of receiving the HPV vaccine (4.23%).Using the routine vaccination schedule, there were five patients eligible to receive the HPV vaccine (7%). When using the extended vaccination schedule up to age 44, there were a total of 35 patients eligible to receive the HPV vaccine (49.30%). There are a substantial number of HIV-positive patients who would benefit from HPV vaccination. This is especially true if the provider chooses to use the extended vaccination schedule. Providers working with HIV-positive patients should probe about vaccination history and intervene as appropriate.

Knowledge and Awareness of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Vaccination in Thai Male Youth, Including Men Who Have Sex With Men

OBJECTIVE There is currently a lack of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination policy and education for male youth in Thailand. This study aimed to evaluate Thai male youth’s knowledge and awareness of HPV infection and vaccination, determine their HPV vaccination rate, and factors related to the vaccination rate and the level of awareness of HPV. METHODS A questionnaire survey on HPV vaccination was distributed to educational institutions across different regions of Thailand. Inclusion criteria included Thai male youth aged between 15 and 24 years, regardless of sexual orientation. Exclusion criteria were inability to access the internet, individuals whose responses were unintelligible, and those who did not complete the questionnaire. The trends of the association between participant characteristics and their HPV knowledge/awareness scores was analyzed using linear regression. RESULTS A total of 594 individuals responded to the questionnaire. The median score for knowledge was 11 out of 18 and the awareness level was 80%. Higher education level, higher family income, bisexuality, and prior receipt of HPV information were statistically significantly linked to higher HPV knowledge scores. However, only previous receipt of HPV information was associated with an increased awareness level. CONCLUSIONS Although the level of HPV knowledge and awareness among Thai males was acceptable, less than 50% of participants expressed an intention to get vaccinated. This indicates there is a need to improve the promotion of the HPV vaccine in order to achieve herd immunity.

HPV education and vaccination uptake in college students: A DNP project.

The purpose of this DNP project was to establish baseline human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates, improve baseline knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccines, reduce barriers to HPV vaccination, and increase intention of HPV vaccine uptake among college students. A precaution adoption process model-based survey, in-person education session, and posteducation survey were administered to college students in a Midwestern university to measure perceptions of HPV and HPV vaccination as well as to identify barriers to HPV vaccination. From the preeducation survey to the posteducation survey, correct answers to questions increased, and barriers and misconceptions about HPV and the HPV vaccine decreased, indicating successful education. HPV vaccination intent, defined as indication of "likely" or "very likely" to receive the vaccine on the surveys, rose from 28.0% to 90.7% among participating college students. This study showed that implementing engaging, in-person HPV prevention education is an effective method for decreasing barriers related to vaccination and increasing vaccination intention.

Cervical cancer in Thailand: 2023 update.

Cervical cancer continues to pose a challenge to the health of Thai women, as the second most common cancer after breast cancer. Since high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types are the main cause for cervical cancer, cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination are necessary to reduce the incidence of this disease. At present, the World Health Organization hopes to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer to 4 or less cases per 100,000 women-years using 90%- 70%-90% intervention by 2030. The first intervention involves vaccinating 90% of women aged 15 years with the HPV vaccine. The second intervention involves screening 70% of women between the ages of 35 and 45 years using a high-performance screening test. The third intervention involves detecting cervical lesions in 90% of affected women to enable diagnosis and treatment. In this context, this study reviews trends in the incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer in Thailand, in addition to providing an up-to-date overview of the causes and necessary risk factors for cervical cancer, as well as reporting on cervical screening and HPV vaccination rates and cervical cancer during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study may prove useful for the formulation of policy aimed at eliminating cervical cancer in Thailand, such as the implementation of a free HPV vaccine service and providing athome kits for cervical screening through clinics and pharmacies. In addition, this review also highlights the need for further research on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cervical cancer screening rates in Thailand.

Assessment of HPV Knowledge and Awareness among Students and Staff at IBB University, Niger State, Nigeria: Implications for Health Education and Prevention.

In Nigeria, statistics reveal that there is a high rate of cervical cancer among women and a significant lack of awareness surrounding Human Papillomavirus (HPV), which poses a substantial risk of HPV infection. This cross-sectional survey, conducted at Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida (IBB) University, focuses on adapting and exploring the factors that influence a 20-item scale to measure HPV knowledge, evaluating knowledge-associated patterns and HPV-associated risk factors. We examined HPV vaccination rates, infection awareness, vaccine awareness, and the impact of ethnicity on HPV knowledge. Various validated forms were adapted to measure HPV awareness and knowledge. Non-parametric tests addressed non-normality. Data were presented using median and IQR and categorical data were frequency-based. Bivariate tests (Mann-Witney, Kruskal Wallis) explored knowledge-associated factors, while quantile regression (75th percentile) examined HPV knowledge factors. Variables were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. The adapted 20-item knowledge scale revealed strong reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.913), ensuring internal consistency. The median knowledge score was 0, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 0-5. Our findings revealed a significant lack of awareness and knowledge about HPV; only 34.8% of the population were aware of HPV infection and 25.0% were familiar with HPV vaccination. Furthermore, ethnicity was found to be significantly associated with knowledge of HPV. This study emphasizes the necessity for targeted interventions to enhance HPV awareness, especially within specific ethnic groups. Despite a robust knowledge scale, educational initiatives such as seminars/conferences about HPV and cervical cancer remain crucial in addressing this gap, ultimately reducing HPV infection and cervical cancer risks in Nigeria.

Risk perception and trust in the relationship between knowledge and HPV vaccine hesitancy among female university students in China: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundCervical cancer poses a heavy health burden in China, with the second highest incidence and mortality rate among female tumors, yet human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rate among female university students remain remains low. This study conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess the degree of HPV vaccine hesitancy among female university students and to explore the potential association between knowledge, risk perception, trust, and HPV vaccine hesitancy.MethodsA total of 1,438 female university students from four Chinese cities were recruited through stratified, multistage, cluster sampling method. The mediation model was constructed using the Bootstrap method, introducing trust and risk perception as mediating variables to examine the effect of knowledge on HPV vaccine hesitancy.ResultsThe study found that 8.9% (95%CI:7.4%∼10.4%) of the female university students exhibited HPV vaccine hesitancy. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed a negative association between vaccine hesitancy and knowledge, risk perception, and trust. The mediation model showed that knowledge had significant indirect effects on HPV vaccine hesitancy through trust (indirect effect: -0.224, 95% CI: -0.293 ∼ -0.167) and risk perception (indirect effect: -0.013, 95% CI: -0.033 ∼ -0.002).ConclusionHPV vaccine hesitancy among female university students has mitigated, but still needs to be addressed. In addition, trust and risk perception are mediators mediating the relationship between knowledge with HPV vaccine hesitancy. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen public health education to improve knowledge, with a particular focus on providing information about trust and risk perception to reduce HPV vaccine hesitancy.

Barriers to and Facilitators for Accessing HPV Vaccination in Migrant and Refugee Populations: A Systematic Review.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted virus globally and a primary cause of cervical cancer, which ranks fourth among tumors in both incidence and mortality. Despite the availability of effective vaccines worldwide, HPV vaccination rates vary, especially among migrant and refugee populations. Indeed, migrant status may act as a determinant against accessing vaccinations, among many other factors. The objective of this paper is to evaluate barriers to and facilitators for accessing HPV vaccination in migrant and refugee populations. A systematic review of the existing peer-reviewed academic literature was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines in which we examined thirty-four studies to evaluate HPV vaccination rates in these populations and identify factors acting as barriers or facilitators. Key determinants include socio-economic status and health literacy. Communication barriers, including language and cultural factors, also impact access to information and trust in the health workforce. Understanding and considering these factors is crucial for developing proper and inclusive vaccination strategies to ensure that no population is overlooked.